RESUMO
A 1994 survey indicated that only 13 health authorities in the UK were purchasing access to dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the most accurate measure of osteoporosis risk. By 1998 the number of centres (including private facilities providing DXA) was 161. All these were sent a questionnaire concerning their activities. 124 (77%) responded, and the survey found that DXA machines operate, on average, for only 3.6 days a week. Funding of and access to diagnostic services for osteoporosis varies greatly. There is clear scope for greater efficiency in the use of existing DXA machines and more equitable access to diagnostic services is required for effective management of osteoporosis.
Assuntos
Absorciometria de Fóton/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Osteoporose/diagnóstico por imagem , Serviços Contratados/estatística & dados numéricos , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/tendências , Hospitais Públicos/organização & administração , Humanos , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Transferência de Tecnologia , Fatores de Tempo , Reino UnidoAssuntos
Testes de Carcinogenicidade/métodos , Animais , Testes de Carcinogenicidade/normas , Amplificação de Genes , Genes p53 , Genes ras , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Agências Internacionais , Japão , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Modelos Genéticos , Mutação , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Ratos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
A sample of 210 persons varying by age (young adults, middle-aged, older adults), gender, and relationship status (single or involved) were administered the Holtzman Inkblot Technique (HIT) and Geriatric Draw-A-Person (G-DAP) to ascertain projectively assessed aspects of body image in adulthood. Results suggested that both the HIT and G-DAP were sensitive to the effects of age and gender, wherein young adults scored higher on both HIT Barrier and Penetration than both middle-aged or older adults. In addition, G-DAP scores favored young adults. HIT Penetration scores varied by both age and relationship status.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/psicologia , Imagem Corporal , Técnicas Projetivas/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Mecanismos de Defesa , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Teste da Mancha de Tinta de Holtzman/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria , Valores de Referência , Conformidade Social , Valores SociaisRESUMO
In 12 experiments on 9 chronically-cathetized pregnant sheep (116-143 days of gestation), fetal oxygen consumption, umbilical blood flow and blood gas values were measured before, during and after a 30-min period of hypercapnia, induced by having the ewes breathe 5% CO2 and 18% O2 in N2. During the large amplitude breathing stimulated by hypercapnia, O2 consumption increased by 21%, solely via a rise in O2 extraction. During apnoeic periods and low amplitude breathing in the hypercapnia period, oxygen consumption was not different from the control value, but fetal arterial and umbilical venous PO2 was significantly raised, by 3 and 6 mm Hg respectively. These changes were probably due to a Bohr shift in the maternal oxygen dissociation curve. During large amplitude breathing, PO2 fell to control levels, probably due in part to the increase in O2 extraction. It is concluded that vigorous breathing movements in the fetal sheep, such as those stimulated by hypercapnia, result to an increase in fetal O2 demands. Further, the work of such breathing is large, and probably equivalent to that performed in adults during vigorous hyperventilation against an inspiratory resistance.
