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4.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc ; 20(4): 462-4, 2004 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15669394

RESUMO

Successful feeding by mosquitoes through permethrin-treated battle-dress uniforms (BDUs) was observed in the Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA), Queensland, Australia, during Operation Tandem Thrust 1997 (TT97). Therefore, during Operation Tandem Thrust 2001, the repellency of permethrin-treated BDUs was evaluated. Washing permethrin-treated BDUs 1 time reduced the permethrin concentration by 60%, but permethrin concentration was not reduced further after subsequent washings (up to 20 times). The probing time of Ochlerotatus vigilax landing on permethrin-treated BDUs was reduced to the greatest extent on the treated, unwashed uniform (7.5-fold reduction). Treated, washed uniforms also reduced probing time (2.5 times) compared to the untreated control uniform containing no permethrin. Reduced probing time should reduce feeding success and protect operational forces from bothersome mosquitoes and the associated risk of mosquito-borne disease in SWBTA. Observations of successful mosquito feeding made during TT97 could be attributed to the use of old and well-worn BDUs and seasonal differences in mosquito population density.


Assuntos
Vestuário , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/prevenção & controle , Inseticidas , Ochlerotatus , Permetrina , Animais , Culicidae , Humanos , Militares , Queensland
5.
Mil Med ; 168(11): 915-21, 2003 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14680048

RESUMO

This laboratory is developing fluorescence polarization (FP) methods as diagnostic tools to assay antibodies in saliva and other oral fluids. FP provides quantitation of molecular interaction, such as antigen-antibody binding, of a single, small-volume sample in real time and without prior separation of components such as blood cells. There is potential for wide-spread use of these homogeneous assays as noninvasive tests, especially as more compact, simplified fluorescence polarimeters become available. FP tests can be designed that are applicable to a wide spectrum of microorganisms and may be used in a clinic or far-forward deployed setting to aid in diagnosis of disease or verification of vaccination. Rapid salivary diagnostics, including FP, have been identified by the Office of Naval Research as requirements for future naval capabilities in basic and applied medical research for warfighter protection in casualty prevention. The applications of FP salivary diagnostics for determination of tuberculosis exposure and of anthrax immunization status are discussed as examples.


Assuntos
Antraz/diagnóstico , Anticorpos/análise , Medicina Militar/métodos , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Imunoensaio de Fluorescência por Polarização , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/análise
6.
J Med Entomol ; 39(1): 248-50, 2002 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11931267

RESUMO

As part of an evaluation of potential vectors of arboviruses during a Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreak in the Nile Valley of Egypt in August 1993, we collected mosquitoes in villages with known RVF viral activity. Mosquitoes were sorted to species, pooled, and processed for virus isolation both by intracerebral inoculation into suckling mice and by inoculation into cell culture. A total of 33 virus isolates was made from 36,024 mosquitoes. Viruses were initially identified by indirect fluorescent antibody testing and consisted of 30 flaviviruses (all members of the Japanese encephalitis complex, most probably West Nile [WN] virus) and three alphaviruses (all members of western equine encephalitis complex, most probably Sindbis). The identity of selected viruses was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Culex antennatus (Becker) and Culex perexiguus Theobald accounted for five (17%) and 23 (77%) of the WN virus isolations, respectively. Despite isolation of viruses from 32 pools of mosquitoes (both WN and Sindbis viruses were isolated from a single pool), RVF virus was not isolated from these mosquitoes, even though most of them are known competent vectors collected during an ongoing RVF outbreak. Thus, it should be remembered, that even during a known arbovirus outbreak, other arboviruses may still be circulating and causing disease.


Assuntos
Anopheles/virologia , Culex/virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Febre do Vale de Rift/epidemiologia , Sindbis virus/isolamento & purificação , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Culicidae/virologia , DNA Viral/análise , Egito/epidemiologia , Camundongos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Febre do Vale de Rift/virologia , Sindbis virus/genética , Sindbis virus/imunologia , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/genética , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/imunologia
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