RESUMO
Mortality of honeybees is a serious problem that beekeepers have to face periodically in Uruguay and worldwide. The presence of RNA viruses, in addition to other pathogens may be one of its possible causes. In this work, we detected Chronic bee paralysis virus, Acute bee paralysis virus, Black queen cell virus, Sacbrood virus and Deformed wing virus in samples of Uruguayan honeybees with or without Varroa destructor and Nosema apis. The detection of viruses in different provinces, simultaneous co-infection of colonies by several viruses and the fact that 96% of the samples were infected with one or more virus, indicates they are widely spread in the region.
Assuntos
Abelhas/virologia , Vírus de Insetos/isolamento & purificação , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , Viroses/diagnóstico , Animais , Vírus de Insetos/genética , Vírus de Insetos/patogenicidade , Vírus de RNA/genética , Vírus de RNA/patogenicidade , RNA Viral/análise , Viroses/virologiaRESUMO
Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) causes a disease characterized by trembling, flightless, and crawling bees, while Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) is commonly detected in apparently healthy colonies, usually associated to Varroa destructor. Both viruses had been detected in most regions of the world, except in South America. In this work, we detected CBPV and ABPV in samples of Uruguayan honeybees by RT-PCR. The detection of both viruses in different provinces and the fact that most of the analyzed samples were infected, suggest that, they are widely spread in the region. This is the first record of the presence of CBPV and ABPV in Uruguay and South America.
Assuntos
Abelhas/virologia , Vírus de Insetos/isolamento & purificação , Paralisia/veterinária , Doença Aguda , Doenças dos Animais/virologia , Animais , Doença Crônica , Paralisia/virologia , UruguaiRESUMO
American foulbrood is a severe bacterial disease affecting larvae of the honeybee Apis mellifera and it is caused by Paenibacillus larvae larvae. The disease is present worldwide and cases have been reported in almost all the beekeeping regions of the five continents. During 2001 and 2002 we carried out a nationwide study to assess the presence and amount of P. l. larvae spores in honey samples from Uruguay, combining classic bacteriological, and molecular approaches. The distribution of P. l. larvae spores in honey of the whole country showed a clear pattern and may provide useful data for a control and prevention strategy of American foulbrood.
Assuntos
Abelhas/parasitologia , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/fisiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/epidemiologia , Mel/microbiologia , Animais , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Esporos Bacterianos , UruguaiRESUMO
En las abejas melíferas el comportamiento higiénico (desoperculado de las celdas y posterior remoción de las pupas muertas) se estudia extensamente como un mecanismo de resistencia de las abejas adultas a las enfermedades de la cría. Utilizando una colmena de observación y abejas marcadas, se encontró que la edad media de las abejas que realizan las actividades de desoperculado y remoción es de 11,7 y 11,4 días respectivamente, sugiriendo que ambas actividades son desarrolladas por las mismas abejas como parte de un único comportamiento. También se determinó la edad de las abejas que alimentan a las larvas (7,5 días), retiran residuos hacia afuera de la colmena (16,1 días), colectan néctar y polen (23,1 y 23,0 días respectivamente). Se discute la ubicación del comportamiento higiénico en el marco del programa de actividades de la casta obrera y la posibilidad de que el desarrollo de las pupas esté controlado por las abejas adultas [AU]