RESUMO
In cattle, the endometrium during diestrus and early pregnancy displays cellular responses that are consequences of prior, transient stimuli. Goal was to establish a model to study cellular memory in the endometrium. The hypothesis is that stimuli given to endometrium in vivo are retained as a cellular memory that remains after bovine uterine epithelial cells (BUECs) are isolated, cultured, and further stimulated in vitro. Objectives were to measure BUEC proliferation/migration and responsiveness to recombinant bovine Interferon-tau (rbIFNT) in vitro: among cows that showed estrus (experiment 1 [Exp1]), cows that became or not pregnant to artificial insemination (Exp2), cows that received or not supplemental progesterone (P4; Exp3) and cows that received or not a COX-1/2 inhibitor (Exp4). Only cows that displayed estrus were included in studies. For all experiments endometrial cytology was collected 4 days after estrus, BUECs were cultured, propagated, and submitted to rbIFNT treatment and an in vitro scratch assay. In Exp1, different cows spontaneously grouped according to proliferative/migratory capacity and responsiveness to rbIFNT of their respective BUECs. In Exp2, BUECs from pregnant cows showed greater rbIFNT responsiveness and cellular proliferation. In Exp3, BUECs from cows supplemented with P4 presented inhibited proliferation and increased expression of RSAD2. In Exp4, Flunixin Meglumine modified rbIFNT responsiveness of BUECs in an IFN-signaling pathway-specific manner. In conclusion, physiological and pharmacological stimuli received by the endometrium in vivo were retained as cellular memory in BUECs, persisted in culture, and changed BUEC proliferation/migration and responsiveness to rbIFNT, which are characteristics associated with fertility in cattle.
RESUMO
The appearance of fracture complications can present itself as a difficult scenario in a veterinarian's practice, and it can be difficult to diagnose and have a poor prognosis. The recognition of the different types of nonunion fractures can enable quick guidance on the best way to act, thus reducing the cost of treatment and the patient's suffering. The objective of this study was to create 3D models of nonunion fractures in long bones (3D NUFs). The study was carried out in three stages: 1) creating biscuit models from representations of nonunion fractures; 2) scanning the biscuit models of nonunion fractures and 3D modeling; and 3) printing and finishing the 3D models of nonunion fractures (hereafter, 3D NUFs). The creation of biscuit prototypes and the respective digitalization were decisive in producing 3D NUFs, which reproduced the main characteristics of each type of nonunion fracture classification described in the literature. It took 31.1 hours to create and print all 3D NUFs using 95.66 grams of filament (ABS) for a total cost of $3.73. The creation of 3D NUFs from the biscuit dough presented a new way of obtaining didactic models for the teaching of veterinary medicine. The 3D NUFs represent the different forms of low-cost manifestations that characterize this disease, which can be used as a possible teaching-learning tool for veterinary education.
O surgimento de complicações de fraturas pode se apresentar como um cenário difícil na prática do médico veterinário e pode ser difícil de diagnosticar e ter um prognóstico ruim. O reconhecimento dos diferentes tipos de não união de fraturas pode permitir orientação rápida sobre a melhor maneira de agir, reduzindo o custo do tratamento e o sofrimento do paciente. O objetivo deste estudo foi criar modelos 3D de não união de fraturas em ossos longos (3D NUF). O estudo foi em três etapas: 1. Criação dos modelos de biscuit a partir de representações de não união de fraturas; 2. Digitalização dos modelos de biscuit de fraturas sem união e modelagem 3D; 3. Impressão e acabamento de modelos 3D de fraturas sem união (3D NUF). A confecção de protótipos em biscuit e a respectiva digitalização foram decisivas para a produção de NUF 3D. O NUF 3D reproduziu as principais características de cada tipo de classificação de não união de fratura descrita na literatura. Foram necessárias 31,1 horas para criar e imprimir todo o 3D NUF, usando 95,66 gramas de filamento (ABS) a um custo total de US $ 3,73. A criação do 3D NUF a partir da massa de biscuit apresentou uma nova maneira de obter modelos didáticos para o Ensino de Medicina Veterinária. O NUF 3D representou as diferentes formas de manifestação que caracterizam esta doença a baixo custo, que podem ser utilizadas no ensino de assuntos como anatomia e cirurgia.
