[Effectiveness of the CNIC polypill in secondary cardiovascular prevention in the subgroup of patients of the NEPTUNO study using atorvastatin doses of 20 mg]. / Efectividad de la polipíldora CNIC en prevención cardiovascular secundaria en el subgrupo de pacientes del estudio NEPTUNO con dosis de atorvastatina de 20 mg.

Objective: To analyse the incidence and risk of recurrent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), level of risk factor control, treatment persistence and cost of the CNIC polypill version containing acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 100 mg, atorvastatin 20 mg (A20), and ramipril 2.5, 5.0 or 10 mg in secondary cardiovascular prevention patients. Method: Subanalysis of the observational, retrospective, multicentre, NEPTUNO study in patients treated for two years with the CNIC polypill A20, the same monocomponents as single drugs, equipotent drugs, and other therapies. Results: 922 patients were included in each group. The risk of recurrent MACE was lower among CNIC A20 polypill users than all others (21%, 23% and 26% increased risk among the monocomponents, equipotent or other therapy cohorts, respectively; p < 0.05). The magnitude of the mean change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure, as well as the increase in the proportion of patients achieving target goals, was also greater among patients treated with the CNIC A20 polypill than in any of the other cohorts (all p < 0.001). Treatment persistence was significantly higher in patients treated with the CNIC A20 polypill (p < 0.001) and was a less costly strategy than any other therapeutic option. Conclusions: In patients in secondary cardiovascular prevention, the CNIC A20 polypill (ASA 100 mg, atorvastatin 20 mg, and ramipril 2.5, 5.0 or 10 mg) constitutes a valid therapeutic option with similar benefits and outcomes to the version of the polypill with atorvastatin 40 mg.

Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia y el riesgo de eventos adversos cardiovasculares mayores (MACE) recurrentes, el nivel de control de factores de riesgo, la persistencia al tratamiento y el coste de la versión de la polipíldora CNIC que contiene 100 mg de ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS), 20 mg de atorvastatina (A20) y 2.5/5.0 ó 10 mg de ramipril en pacientes en prevención cardiovascular secundaria. Método: Subanálisis del estudio observacional, retrospectivo y multicéntrico NEPTUNO en pacientes tratados durante 2 años con la polipíldora CNIC A20, los mismos monocomponentes por separado, medicamentos equipotentes uotras terapias. Resultados: Se incluyeron 922 pacientes en cada grupo. El riesgo de sufrir un MACE recurrente en el grupode polipíldora CNIC A20 fue menor que en todas las demás cohortes (21%, 23% y 26% de aumento del riesgo en las cohortesde monocomponentes, equipotentes u otras terapias, respectivamente; p < 0.05). La magnitud del cambio en el colesterol unidoa lipoproteínas de baja densidad y la presión arterial, así como el incremento en la proporción de pacientes que alcanzaron losobjetivos establecidos, fueron mayores en los pacientes tratados con la polipíldora CNIC A20 que en cualquiera de las otrascohortes (p < 0.001). La persistencia al tratamiento fue mayor en los pacientes tratados con la polipíldora CNIC A20 (p < 0.001)y esta estrategia resultó ser menos costosa que cualquier otra opción terapéutica. Conclusiones: En pacientes en prevencióncardiovascular secundaria, la polipíldora CNIC A20 (AAS 100 mg; atorvastatina 20 mg; ramipril 2.5/5.0 ó 10 mg) constituye unaopción terapéutica válida con beneficios y resultados similares a la versión de la polipíldora con 40 mg de atorvastatina.

Topical effect of a specific spot-on treatment made of natural ingredients in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with skin problems: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Rabbits often experience skin diseases. The beneficial effects of plant extracts and essential oils are well known in other species, but the properties of these natural ingredients have not been evaluated in rabbits in vivo. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a topical, commercial solution made of essential oils, plant-extracted polyunsaturated fatty acids, and Vitamin E on rabbits suffering from skin problems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty New Zealand rabbits (no sex distinction) were included in this study, with an average weight of 2-3 kg. The rabbits were divided into two groups: The first group was treated with a topical solution made from natural ingredients, and the second was a control group. The rabbits' hair and skin conditions were evaluated on days 1, 14, 28, and 35 after treatment. Data were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis range test. RESULTS: Significant differences were determined in terms of glossy hair variability on days 28 and 35 (p≤0.0001). On days 14-35, hair loss was determined to have reduced (p=0.001), and flaking and odor improved in the treatment group, showing increased scores and significant differences (p=0.0001). By contrast, the control group showed stable overall skin and hair score and an increase in the dryness score. CONCLUSION: The topical application of essential oils and polyunsaturated fatty acids with Vitamin E was able to improve hair shine and skin hydration and reduce flaking, bad odor, and hair loss, improving the general, and cutaneous aspect of rabbits.

Patología calcificante de las glándulas salivales: presentación de dos casos clínicos / Pathological calcification of the salivary glands: presentation of two clinical cases

La calcificación extraesquelética es una entidad patológica de depósito de sales minerales fuera de las estructuras óseas. Los casos frecuentes se presentan por obstrucción mecánica de la glándula salival o de su conducto excretor, asociada con la formación de sialolitos en el parénquima, su verdadera causa no se conoce con exactitud, pero hay distintas hipótesis con respecto a factores locales y sistémicos. La sialolitiasis es la afección más común de las glándulas salivales en adultos jóvenes, 12 de cada 1,000 pacientes sufren de esta patología, con un predominio del sexo masculino. El diagnóstico se puede establecer mediante ecografía, radiografías oclusales, panorámicas o tomografía cone beam. Estudiamos dos casos de calcificaciones de los tejidos glandulares. El primero de una formación mineral dentro de su conducto y el segundo de una calcificación completa del conducto salival (AU)

Extra bone calcification is a pathological entity of deposit of mineral salts outside bone structures. Frequent cases are due to mechanical obstruction of the salivary gland or its excretory duct, associated with the formation of sialoliths in the parenchyma, its true cause is unknown, but there are different hypotheses regarding the influence local and systemic factors. Sialolithiasis is the most common condition of the salivary glands in young adults, 12 out of 1,000 patients suffer from this pathology, with a predominance of males. Diagnosis can be established by ultrasound, occlusal radiographs, panoramic or cone beam tomography. We studied two cases of calcification of glandular tissues. The first is a mineral formation inside the duct and the second is a complete calcification of the salivary duct (AU)

Prevalence of dental malocclusions in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Cuenca, Ecuador

The aim of this paper was to determine the prevalence of malocclusions in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Cuenca, Ecuador. A cross-sectional study was carried out, including a clinical examination of 181 schoolchildren aged 12 years, who were randomly selected from the schoolchildren population. We assessed the presence of malocclusions using the Angles classification. The analysis was performed in the program EpiInfo 7.2. The majority of the patients presented malocclusions (91.7%). There is no significant difference between public and private schools and the male sex was slightly more affected. There was a predominance of the Class II division 1 (30.4%), followed by Class III (25.4%), and Class I (24.9%), with the lowest prevalence reported for Class II division 2 (11%). A high rate of malocclusion was found in in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Cuenca, Ecuador, in both males and females. The dominant malocclusion in this study was Class II division 1.

Doramectin in the treatment of generalized demodicosis.

BACKGROUND: Generalized demodicosis is a common disease in dogs and doramectin has been reported as a successful treatment. Different treatment protocols using doramectin have not been previously evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether oral administration of doramectin twice a week is more effective than administration by subcutaneous injection once a week. ANIMALS: Twenty nine privately owned dogs affected with generalized demodicosis. METHODS: Dogs randomly received one of two treatments. Sixteen dogs were treated with 600 µg/kg doramectin by subcutaneous injection once a week and 13 dogs received 600 µg/kg doramectin by oral administration twice a week. RESULTS: The mean age of affected dogs was 2.8 and 2.6 years (P = 0.587) and the mean mite number detected at the initial evaluation was 201 and 287 (P = 0.04), respectively, for each group. The mean time to achieve negative skin scrapings was 13 and 12 weeks, respectively (P = 0.955). Adult-onset demodicosis affected five of 16 and two of 13 dogs, respectively (P = 0.662). The success rate for treatment was 13 of 16 (81%) of dogs receiving subcutaneous injections once a week and 12 of 13 (92%) dogs receiving oral dosaging twice a week. (P = 0.691). Four dogs did not achieve disease remission. In the 12 month follow-up period, one dog that had received the once a week protocol relapsed after eight weeks of treatment withdrawal. Adverse effects were not observed in any dog. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, oral administration of doramectin twice a week does not achieve a more rapid resolution of canine generalized demodicosis than administration by subcutaneous injection once a week. The treatment success rate was the same for both protocols.

Three cases of canine dermatomyositis-like disease

Background: Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic, inflammatory/immunemediated disease of the skin, muscles and blood vessels of hereditary nature and unclear pathogenesis. This familial disease has been described in certain breeds, especially collies and Shetland sheep dogs and is of rare occurrence in mongrel dogs. To describe and discuss three clinical cases of dermatomyositis-like disease and provide a brief review of the literature.Cases: Three young mongrel dogs are included in this report. Case 1: Mandarino, a 4-year-old mongrel dog, having a history of skin lesions for at least a year. Showed an underweight patient, skin ulcers, crusts, alopecia, peri-ocular scarring causing severe lagophthalmia and a corneal ulcer. Muscle atrophy was most notable in the head and legs; the dog had difficulty and pain walking. Treatment was initialised with cephalexin 30 mg/kg BID, pentoxifylline 25 mg/kg BID, and prednisone 2.2 mg/kg SID. The patient was presented after two weeks for follow up; the anaemia and skin condition had improved, the weight had increased by 2 kg, dysphagia and locomotor abnormalities were not present. Case 2: Milagros, a mongrel female dog approximately two years of age, rescued from a shelter. Physical examination showed facial alopecia, erythema and scarring of the periocular skin, crusting and scaling in alopecic areas, pinnae tip necrosis and crusting, ear alopecia, tail tip necrosis and crusting. Also present were distal limb alopecia, crusting and ulcers in areas of trauma in the hock and carpal surfaces; some nails presented onychorhexis and onychoschizia. The patient has been treated for 12 months with a good clinical outcome, with pentoxifylline, azathioprine 2.2 mg/kg EOD alternating with prednisone 1 mg/kg EOD. Case 3: Chuchito, an 11-month-old male mongrel rescued dog had been previously hospitalised due to his skin condition.[...]

Three cases of canine dermatomyositis-like disease

Background: Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic, inflammatory/immunemediated disease of the skin, muscles and blood vessels of hereditary nature and unclear pathogenesis. This familial disease has been described in certain breeds, especially collies and Shetland sheep dogs and is of rare occurrence in mongrel dogs. To describe and discuss three clinical cases of dermatomyositis-like disease and provide a brief review of the literature.Cases: Three young mongrel dogs are included in this report. Case 1: Mandarino, a 4-year-old mongrel dog, having a history of skin lesions for at least a year. Showed an underweight patient, skin ulcers, crusts, alopecia, peri-ocular scarring causing severe lagophthalmia and a corneal ulcer. Muscle atrophy was most notable in the head and legs; the dog had difficulty and pain walking. Treatment was initialised with cephalexin 30 mg/kg BID, pentoxifylline 25 mg/kg BID, and prednisone 2.2 mg/kg SID. The patient was presented after two weeks for follow up; the anaemia and skin condition had improved, the weight had increased by 2 kg, dysphagia and locomotor abnormalities were not present. Case 2: Milagros, a mongrel female dog approximately two years of age, rescued from a shelter. Physical examination showed facial alopecia, erythema and scarring of the periocular skin, crusting and scaling in alopecic areas, pinnae tip necrosis and crusting, ear alopecia, tail tip necrosis and crusting. Also present were distal limb alopecia, crusting and ulcers in areas of trauma in the hock and carpal surfaces; some nails presented onychorhexis and onychoschizia. The patient has been treated for 12 months with a good clinical outcome, with pentoxifylline, azathioprine 2.2 mg/kg EOD alternating with prednisone 1 mg/kg EOD. Case 3: Chuchito, an 11-month-old male mongrel rescued dog had been previously hospitalised due to his skin condition.[...](AU)

Fluralaner as a single dose oral treatment for Caparinia tripilis in a pygmy African hedgehog.

BACKGROUND: African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) are popular pets belonging to the Erinaceidae family of spined mammals. Amongst the most common skin diseases occurring in this species is infestation caused by the mite Caparinia spp. Due to their skin anatomy and spiny coat, detection of skin lesions in these hedgehogs can be difficult. This may result in delays in seeking medical care, which may lead to secondary bacterial infection and self-inflicted trauma. Multiple therapies have been used in the treatment of this skin condition including ivermectin, amitraz, fipronil and selamectin. A drug which could be administered as a single oral dose would be advantageous to these pets and their owners. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a single oral dose (15 mg/kg) of fluralaner on Caparinia tripilis infestation in the African pygmy hedgehog. ANIMALS: A 10-month-old African pygmy hedgehog weighing 184 g. METHODS: Response to treatment was monitored by dermatological examination and superficial skin scrapings repeated at 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days following fluralaner administration. RESULTS: On Day 7 after treatment, adult mites were observed exhibiting normal movement. On Day 14, only dead mites were observed. No life stages of the mites were found after Day 21. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: A single oral dose at 15 mg/kg of fluralaner was effective within 21 days after treatment for capariniasis in this case. Further studies are required to evaluate the drug's safety and toxicology in hedgehogs, and to confirm efficacy.

Candida albicans isolated from human fungaemia induces apoptosis in an experimental endocarditis model.

Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen known to cause endovascular infections, such as vascular catheter sepsis, infections of vascular prostheses and infective endocarditis. A C. albicans isolate was used to determine the apoptotic potential of the fungus in a rat endocarditis model. This study confirms the ability of C. albicans to induce apoptosis in myocardial tissue.

Candida albicans isolated from human fungaemia induces apoptosis in an experimental endocarditis model

Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen known to cause endovascular infections, such as vascular catheter sepsis, infections of vascular prostheses and infective endocarditis. A C. albicans isolate was used to determine the apoptotic potential of the fungus in a rat endocarditis model. This study confirms the ability of C. albicans to induce apoptosis in myocardial tissue.

[Coexistent morbidity in chronic and hypertrophic adenotonsillitis: a case study in 3600 subjects]. / Comorbilidad en adenoamigdalitis crónica e hipertrófica. Estudio de 3600 casos.

OBJECTIVE: To know the frequency of chronic and hypertrophic adenotonsillitis, affected population, coexisting morbidity and surgical procedures in a population of Zone 89, IMSS at Guadalajara, Jalisco. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive, transversal and prospective study of patients with diagnosis of chronic and hypertrophic adenotonsillitis treated between January 2000 and October 2001 were studied. Through age groups were analyzed coexisting morbidity and surgical procedures. RESULTS: Of the 3600 patients with chronic and hypertrophic adenotonsillitis evaluated, they were distinguished 3 age groups that are characterized by coexisting morbidity, the average age group (45%) was between 6 to 10 years and characterized by the presence of chronic sinusitis, otitis media with effusion and recurrent otitis media; while the children younger than 5 years (30.3%) prevailed the obstruction of the upper respiratory tract, chronic sinusitis, bronchitis and otitis media with effusion; however, all individuals aged from 16 to 49 years (9.4%) was notary the presence of chronic otitis media and peritonsillar abscess. CONCLUSIONS: The present study represented the first step for future studies and permitted us to understand the frequency and coexisting morbidity of this pathology in our medium. The usefulness of this study will contribute to the promotion of prevention measures, opportune detection of complications, acquire new methods of bacteriologies diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. It is possible that new prevention measures will chain react a new series of events that will translate into a reduction of this pathology, surgeries and complications.

Colpocitología y gestación / Colpocytology and pregnancy

En este estudio prospectivo a 460 mujeres gestantes asistentes al programa de control prenatal se les practicó colpocitología con el propósito de identificar infecciones cervicovaginales, neoplasia intraepitelial cervica (NIC) y factores de riesgo para cáncer cervicouterino. En 301 mujeres (65.4 por ciento) se diagnosticó proceso infeccioso por patógenos diversos; 3 casos por clamida, 4 por papiloma virus y dos pacientes con NIC grados I y II. En 40 pacientes (8.6 por ciento) se identificaron más de dos factores de riesgo para desarrollar lesiones precursoras o cáncer de cérvix. El conocimiento de la prevalencia de NIC e infección cervico vaginal en la gestación, debe ser tomado en consideración para la prevención del producto, la pareja y el riesgo potencial de la mujer para desarrollar cáncer cervicouterino

Cáncer ovárico: estudio anatomoclínico / Ovarian cancer. anatomoclinical study

Se estudiaron 118 pacientes con cáncer primario de ovario atendidas de 1979 a 1988 en el Hospital Civil de Guadalajara; analizando las variables epidemiológicas, aspectos clinicopatológicas y tratamiento. Veinte porciento de las paciente fueron clasificadas en etapa I, 14 casos (11.8 por ciento) etapa II, 37 (31 por ciento) etapa III y 43 (36 por ciento) etapa IV. El estadio primario de la enfermedad fue confirmado por laparotomía, la edad promedio fue de 50 años, que corresponde a lo informado para carcinoma invasor de ovario. A setenta y siete pacientes se les administró quimioterapia postoperatoria con platino más adriamicina y ciclofosfamida o vincristina; 12 recibieron radioterapia, Trece fueron evaluados con laparotomía de segunda mirada, en 12 de éstos no existía evidencia clínica de enfermedad residual, en 6 de ellos se demostró tumor residual macroscópico en la cirugía. Se efectuó seguimiento en 89 pacientes y en 21 casos no hubo evidencia de enfermedad entre 12 y 48 meses con una media de 21 meses. El estudio clinicopatológico mostró predominio de tumores epiteliales de superficie serosos y quísticos. La totalidad de los aspectos anatómicos de los tumors malignos son importantes desde el punto de vista de la diferenciación benigna de los tumores

Factor masculino en la incidencia y persistencia de condiloma de cérvix y neoplasia intraepitelial cervical / Masculine factor on insistence and persistence of papillovirus infection and central intraepithelial neoplasia of cervix

De 1989 a 1990 prospectivamente fueron examinados 113 parejas masculinas de 113 mujeres tratadas por neoplasia intraepitelial cervical sola o asociada a infección por virus del papiloma humano: 80 varones fueron asintomáticos (70.79%). El colposcopio y la aplicación de ácido acético fue indispensable para el diagnóstico de 69.9% de las lesiones, las cuales variaron de un color gris a un blanco brillante; la lesión papulosa fue la más frecuente en 56.70% y raras las lesiones clásicas de condiloma acuminado en 15.52%. La citología uretral se encontró positiva a condiloma en 30% y las biopsias en 91.66%. Observándose persistencia y recidiva no significativa cuando el varón fue tratado sugixiendo que el tratamiento no altera la aparición de condiloma y de la neoplasia intraepitelial de cervix.(au)

Indicadores de persistencia de estadios avanzados de carcinoma cérvico-uterino / Indicators of persistence of cervico-uterine cardinoma. Advanced stage

En la actualidad no se puede considerar el carcinoma cervical uterino como una sola entidad, ya que por histopatología se han separado las diferentes carcinomas como epidermoides, adenocarcinoma y adenoescamoso, teniendo cada variedad distinto comportamiento biológico. Se estudiaron 600 casos de carcinoma de cérvix en el intervalo de 1980 a 1984, clasificándose como epidermoides 594 (99%) y adenocarcinomas 6 (1%), no se incluyen adenoescamososos. Se analizan aspectos epidemiológicos como paridad, antecedentes familiares de neoplasia, colpocitologías previas, evolución, tratamiento y supervivencia. Con base a los resultados se analizan posibles causas que favorescan que esta neoplasia continúe diagnosticándose en estadios avanzados.