Vehicles reversing or rolling backwards: an underestimated hazard.

OBJECTIVES: A retrospective analysis of injuries caused by vehicles that were reversing or rolling backwards to establish guidelines for prevention was performed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Medical records and questionnaires completed by parents for 32 children admitted to the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graz, within the past eight years, were analysed. RESULTS: The median age was 2.1 years (1.0-14.0 years). Fourteen of 32 of the cars were driven by family members (43.8%); three were rolling backwards without a driver (9.4%). The median injury severity score was 3 (1-27) and the most common injuries were contusions (40.6%), fractures (31.3%), and lacerations/burns (21.9%). Most incidents occurred in driveways (37.5%) or farmyards (21.9%). Altogether 70.3% of children sustained "run-over" injuries, 29.6% were hit by the rear bumper or injured by a breaking window. CONCLUSIONS: Toddlers playing in driveways or farmyards are at risk of a injury caused by reversing vehicles/vehicles rolling backwards.

Reducing the incidence of tap-water scalds: strategies for physicians.

Burns are a significant cause of severe injury and death. Scalds, including those from hot tap water, are one of the most common causes of burns, especially in vulnerable populations (children, elderly people and people with physical and cognitive disabilities). Although people generally recognize the danger associated with hot tap water, many are unaware of the short exposure periods that can result in serious burns. Tap-water scalds are preventable. Both active and passive prevention measures are beneficial in reducing this serious health hazard. Physicians are in a unique position to disseminate information on the danger of hot tap water and on ways to eliminate the risk to vulnerable populations. Not only do physicians have contact with these populations, they also have credibility as a source of health information for the public.

Strategic planning for AIDS prevention--city of Toronto's experience.

This paper chronicles the planning process for the City of Toronto Department of Public Health's HIV/AIDS Prevention Program for 1991/1992. The process benefited from extensive consultation and input from Department staff, community representatives and the local Board of Health. A discussion of various questions that arise when planning a multifaceted program as well as practical suggestions are offered. The paper is written in the form of a letter to an incoming program coordinator.