[Effectiveness of the fixed combination of type II native collagen, omega-3 and astaxanthin in patients with knee osteoarthritis]. / Efectividad de la combinación fija de colágeno nativo tipo II, omega-3 y astaxantina en pacientes con osteoartritis de rodilla.

INTRODUCTION: osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world and is defined as the gradual loss of cartilage in the joints, mainly that of the knee. It is considered a cause of disability in older adults and is characterized by pain, stiffness and loss of mobility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: observational study to evaluate the effect of the combination of non-hydrolyzed type II native collagen (CII-NH), omega-3 (Om-3) and astaxanthin (AX), in a population of 182 patients with knee osteoarthritis grade I/II. Measurements of thigh circumference, arcs of movement and pain were obtained through international scales such as the visual analogue pain scale (VAS), the Lequesne index and the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale. Medical check-ups were performed every 30 days for three months. The Statgraphics software (Statgraphics Technologies, Virginia) was used, the evaluation of the variables and the statistical significance were determined by t Student test and the results are shown as a mean. RESULTS: it was shown that daily consumption increases mobility, decreases knee pain and inflammation in patients within three months. Additionally, there was a reduction in the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by the study subjects. CONCLUSION: the fixed combination of non-hydrolyzed type II collagen, omega-3 and astaxanthin, generates, in the short term, a decrease in inflammation and stiffness in patients with osteoarthritis.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la osteoartritis es una de las enfermedades crónicas con mayor prevalencia en el mundo y se define como la pérdida gradual de cartílago en las articulaciones, principalmente la de rodilla. Es considerada como una causa de discapacidad en adultos mayores y se caracteriza por dolor, rigidez y pérdida de la movilidad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio observacional para evaluar el efecto de la combinación de Sólo debe decir, colágeno nativo tipo II, omega-3 (Om-3) y astaxantina (AX), en una población de 182 pacientes con artrosis de rodilla grado I/II. Se obtuvieron las mediciones de circunferencia del muslo, arcos de movimiento y dolor a través de las escalas internacionales como la escala visual analógica de dolor (EVA), el índice de Lequesne y escala Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Las revisiones médicas se realizaron cada 30 días durante tres meses. Se utilizó el software Statgraphics (Statgraphics Technologies, Virginia), la evaluación de las variables y la significancia estadística fueron determinadas por la prueba t de Student y los resultados se muestran como media. RESULTADOS: se demostró que el consumo diario incrementa la movilidad, disminuye el dolor y la inflamación de rodilla en los pacientes en un lapso de tres meses. Adicionalmente se registró una reducción en el consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) por parte de los sujetos de estudio. CONCLUSIÓN: la combinación fija colágeno nativo tipo II, omega-3 y astaxantina, genera, en el corto plazo, disminución de la inflamación y la rigidez en pacientes con osteoartritis.

Fungal Alcohol Dehydrogenases: Physiological Function, Molecular Properties, Regulation of Their Production, and Biotechnological Potential.

Fungal alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) participate in growth under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, morphogenetic processes, and pathogenesis of diverse fungal genera. These processes are associated with metabolic operation routes related to alcohol, aldehyde, and acid production. The number of ADH enzymes, their metabolic roles, and their functions vary within fungal species. The most studied ADHs are associated with ethanol metabolism, either as fermentative enzymes involved in the production of this alcohol or as oxidative enzymes necessary for the use of ethanol as a carbon source; other enzymes participate in survival under microaerobic conditions. The fast generation of data using genome sequencing provides an excellent opportunity to determine a correlation between the number of ADHs and fungal lifestyle. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the latest knowledge about the importance of ADH enzymes in the physiology and metabolism of fungal cells, as well as their structure, regulation, evolutionary relationships, and biotechnological potential.

Efectividad de la combinación fija de colágeno nativo tipo II, omega-3 y astaxantina en pacientes con osteoartritis de rodilla / Effectiveness of the fixed combination of type II native collagen, omega-3 and astaxanthin in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Resumen: Introducción: la osteoartritis es una de las enfermedades crónicas con mayor prevalencia en el mundo y se define como la pérdida gradual de cartílago en las articulaciones, principalmente la de rodilla. Es considerada como una causa de discapacidad en adultos mayores y se caracteriza por dolor, rigidez y pérdida de la movilidad. Material y métodos: estudio observacional para evaluar el efecto de la combinación de Sólo debe decir, colágeno nativo tipo II, omega-3 (Om-3) y astaxantina (AX), en una población de 182 pacientes con artrosis de rodilla grado I/II. Se obtuvieron las mediciones de circunferencia del muslo, arcos de movimiento y dolor a través de las escalas internacionales como la escala visual analógica de dolor (EVA), el índice de Lequesne y escala Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Las revisiones médicas se realizaron cada 30 días durante tres meses. Se utilizó el software Statgraphics (Statgraphics Technologies, Virginia), la evaluación de las variables y la significancia estadística fueron determinadas por la prueba t de Student y los resultados se muestran como media. Resultados: se demostró que el consumo diario incrementa la movilidad, disminuye el dolor y la inflamación de rodilla en los pacientes en un lapso de tres meses. Adicionalmente se registró una reducción en el consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) por parte de los sujetos de estudio. Conclusión: la combinación fija colágeno nativo tipo II, omega-3 y astaxantina, genera, en el corto plazo, disminución de la inflamación y la rigidez en pacientes con osteoartritis.

Abstract: Introduction: osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world and is defined as the gradual loss of cartilage in the joints, mainly that of the knee. It is considered a cause of disability in older adults and is characterized by pain, stiffness and loss of mobility. Material and methods: observational study to evaluate the effect of the combination of non-hydrolyzed type II native collagen (CII-NH), omega-3 (Om-3) and astaxanthin (AX), in a population of 182 patients with knee osteoarthritis grade I/II. Measurements of thigh circumference, arcs of movement and pain were obtained through international scales such as the visual analogue pain scale (VAS), the Lequesne index and the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale. Medical check-ups were performed every 30 days for three months. The Statgraphics software (Statgraphics Technologies, Virginia) was used, the evaluation of the variables and the statistical significance were determined by t Student test and the results are shown as a mean. Results: it was shown that daily consumption increases mobility, decreases knee pain and inflammation in patients within three months. Additionally, there was a reduction in the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by the study subjects. Conclusion: the fixed combination of non-hydrolyzed type II collagen, omega-3 and astaxanthin, generates, in the short term, a decrease in inflammation and stiffness in patients with osteoarthritis.

Molecular and Toxicological Characterization of a Bacillus thuringiensis Strain Expressing a Vip3 Protein Highly Toxic to Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The characterization of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) LBIT-418 strain was based on a previous work which indicated its high insecticidal potential. Therefore, toxicological, molecular, and biochemical characterizations were conducted in this work to identify its unique features and its potential to be developed as a bioinsecticide. This strain, originally isolated from a healthy mosquito larva, was identified within the subspecies kenyae by sequencing of the hag gene and by the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) technique. Genes cry1Ac2, cry1Ea3, cry2Aa1 and cry2Ab4, and a cry1Ia were detected in its genome, in addition to a vip3Aa gene. In this research, the latter protein was successfully cloned, expressed, and purified and showed high toxicity towards the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), fourth instar larvae in bioassays using the microdroplet ingestion technique, estimating an LD50 of 21.38 ng/larva. Additional bioassays were performed using the diet surface inoculation technique of the strain's spore-crystal complex against diamondback moth larvae, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), estimating an LC50 of 10.22 ng/cm2. Its inability to produce ß-exotoxin was demonstrated by bioassays against the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Maupas and by HPLC analysis. These results support the high potential of this strain to be developed as a bioinsecticide.

Genotypes and Haplotypes in the AXIN2 and TCF7L2 Genes are Associated With Susceptibility and With Clinicopathological Characteristics in Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease whose genetic susceptibility is related to polymorphic variants of cell proliferation and migration pathways. Variants in AXIN2 and TCF7L2 in the Wnt-ß catenin pathway have been associated with different types of cancer; however, little is known about its role in breast cancer. This study tests the hypothesis of links between AXIN2 rs1133683 and rs2240308, and TCF7L2 rs7903146 and rs12255372 variants in breast cancer. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 404 women (202 patients and 202 control females). The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methodology was used to identify the gene variants. Results: The AXIN2 rs2240308 (C > T), and TCF7L2 rs7903146 (C > T) and rs12255372 (G > T) variants were associated with breast cancer and with age, TNM stage, and histologic-molecular subtype (p = 0.001). Likewise, the haplotype T-T in the TCF7L2 gene (rs7903146-rs12253372) was significantly related with breast cancer (OR = 2.66, 95%, CI = 1.64-4.30, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Our data show a link between AXIN2 rs2240308 and TCF7L2 rs7903146 and rs12255372 variants in breast cancer, and speculate this may be important in pathogenesis.

Secretion of the siderophore rhizoferrin is regulated by the cAMP-PKA pathway and is involved in the virulence of Mucor lusitanicus.

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by Mucorales, with a high mortality rate. However, only a few virulence factors have been described in these organisms. This study showed that deletion of rfs, which encodes the enzyme for the biosynthesis of rhizoferrin, a siderophore, in Mucor lusitanicus, led to a lower virulence in diabetic mice and nematodes. Upregulation of rfs correlated with the increased toxicity of the cell-free supernatants of the culture broth (SS) obtained under growing conditions that favor oxidative metabolism, such as low glucose levels or the presence of H2O2 in the culture, suggesting that oxidative metabolism enhances virulence through rhizoferrin production. Meanwhile, growing M. lusitanicus in the presence of potassium cyanide, N-acetylcysteine, a higher concentration of glucose, or exogenous cAMP, or the deletion of the gene encoding the regulatory subunit of PKA (pkaR1), correlated with a decrease in the toxicity of SS, downregulation of rfs, and reduction in rhizoferrin production. These observations indicate the involvement of the cAMP-PKA pathway in the regulation of rhizoferrin production and virulence in M. lusitanicus. Moreover, rfs upregulation was observed upon macrophage interaction or during infection with spores in mice, suggesting a pivotal role of rfs in M. lusitanicus infection.

Evaluación radiográfica de la posición del túnel femoral y tibial en reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior con técnica anatómica / Radiographic evaluation of femoral and tibial tunnel position in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with anatomic technique

Resumen: Introducción: En la reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior se intenta reproducir ligamento nativo, realizar túneles independientes, optimizar los puntos de entrada y la efectividad de la anatomía; hacer mediciones radiográficas de rodilla, identificar la posición del túnel femoral y tibial en pacientes operados de reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior con técnica anatómica. Material y métodos: Se identificaron pacientes en el período de Enero de 2018 a Diciembre de 2019. Se evaluaron de manera retrospectiva 98 pacientes. Mediciones radiográficas en fémur: se determinó el ángulo de inclinación del túnel, el sitio de inserción con respecto a la línea de Blumensaat y la distancia transósea. En tibia: la ubicación en porcentaje de la localización de platillo tibial en proyección anteroposterior y lateral, ángulo de túnel tibial. Resultados: Los pacientes postoperados fueron 98, masculinos (75.5%) y femeninos (24.5%). Postoperados en el año 2018 (57.15%) y en 2019 (42.85%). Rango de edad: el grupo afectado fue de 21-25 años, lado afectado: derecho en 57.15%. Mediciones radiográficas en fémur: el ángulo de inclinación del túnel fue de 45o, el porcentaje en la línea de Blumensaat fue de 20% y la distancia transósea fue 3.43 cm. En tibia la distancia porcentual en proyección anteroposterior fue de 44% y lateral de 28%. El ángulo en túnel tibial en proyección anteroposterior fue de 73º y lateral de 114º. Conclusión: La técnica anatómica es una buena opción para efectuar túneles con posición anatómica óptima. Realizar túneles independientes permite mejorar la cobertura de la huella anatómica normal, aumenta los grados y la inclinación de túneles y provoca lesiones agregadas.

Abstract: Introduction: Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament attempts to reproduce the native ligament; make independent tunnels optimize the entry points and effectiveness the anatomy. Perform radiographic measurements of the knee, identify position of femoral and tibial tunnels in patients operated for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with anatomical technique. Material and methods: Patients were identified in the period January 2018 to December 2019. 98 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Radiographic measurements in the femur, the inclination angle of the tunnel, the insertion site with respect to the Blumensaat line and the transosseous distance were determined. In tibia, the location in percentage of the tibial plateau location in anteroposterior and lateral view, tibial tunnel angle. Results: Postoperative patients were 98. (75.5%) male, female (24.5%). Postoperative in 2018 (57.15%) and 2019 (42.85%) Age range: affected group was 21-25 years, right side affected in 57.15%; Radiographic measurements in femur, the angle of inclination of the tunnel was 45o, percentage in the Blumensaat line was 20%, and the transosseous distance was 3.43 cm. In tibia the percentage distance in anteroposterior projection was 44%, and lateral 28%, The angle in tibial tunnel anteroposterior projection of 73 degrees, and lateral 114. Conclusion: The anatomical technique is a good option to perform tunnels with an optimal anatomical position. By making independent tunnels it allows to improve coverage of normal antomic footprint. Increases degrees and inclination of tunnels, causes added injuries.

Modelo de atención para el tratamiento de pacientes con osteoartritis del primer al tercer nivel / Model of care for the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis from the first to the third level

Resumen: Introducción: La osteoartritis en México es una de las 10 causas más frecuentes de discapacidad. El diagnóstico temprano y la detección de factores de riesgo son determinantes para el tratamiento. La organización institucional establece las pautas terapéuticas de acuerdo con cada nivel de atención, pero no se logra un manejo efectivo. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, piloto, de intervención, clínico conformado por pacientes diagnosticados con diferentes grados de osteoartritis de rodilla en el primer, segundo y tercer nivel de atención, con un modelo integrador que incluyó un grupo de profesionales para la intervención de la evaluación nutricional, fisioterapéutica, social y sicológica desde el primer nivel. Resultados: La intervención de un grupo de atención multidisciplinaria permite una correcta evaluación y asignación del nivel de atención optimizando los recursos humanos y materiales. La participación de diferentes disciplinas en nutrición, sicología, trabajo social, fisioterapia y rehabilitación modifica el estilo de vida global al involucrar a los propios pacientes en su tratamiento. El grupo de intervención tuvo mejoras en la escala de dolor análogo visual, arcos de movilidad, bajo índice de masa corporal y mejoría en el aspecto sicológico. Conclusiones: El modelo de atención propuesto demuestra que la implementación en la institución y en cada unidad clínica de atención debe considerarse para mejorar los resultados.

Abstract: Introduction: Osteoarthritis in Mexico is one of the ten most frequent causes of disability. Early diagnosis and detection of risk factors are determinant for treatment. The institutional organization establishes therapeutic guidelines according to each level of care, but effective management is not achieved. Material and methods: A prospective, pilot, interventional, clinical study was conducted, which included patients diagnosed with different degrees of knee osteoarthritis in the first, second and third level of care, with an integrative model that includes a group of professionals for the intervention of nutritional, physiotherapeutic, social and psychological evaluation from the first level. Results: The intervention of a multidisciplinary care group allows a correct evaluation and assignment of the level of care, optimizing human and material resources. The participation of different disciplines in nutrition, psychology, social work, physiotherapy and rehabilitation modifies the global lifestyle by involving the patients themselves in their treatment. The intervention group had improvements in the visual analog pain scale, mobility arcs, low body mass index and improvement in the psychological aspect. Conclusions: The proposed model of care demonstrates that implementation in the institution and in each clinical care unit should be considered to improve outcomes.

Noncoding RNAs as potential biomarkers for DIPG diagnosis and prognosis: XIST and XIST-210 involvement

Purpose Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are the most fatal primary brainstem tumors in pediatric patients. The identification of new molecular features, mediating their formation and progression, as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), would be of great importance for the development of effective treatments. Methods We analyzed the DIPGs transcriptome with the HTA2.0 array and it was compared with pediatric non-brainstem astrocytoma expression profiles (GSE72269). Results More than 50% of the differentially expressed transcripts were ncRNAs and based on this, we proposed a DIPGs ncRNA signature. LncRNAs XIST and XIST-210, and the HBII-52 and HBII-85 snoRNA clusters were markedly downregulated in DIPGs. qPCR assays demonstrated XIST downregulation in all non-brainstem astrocytomas, in a gender, age, and brain location-independent manner, as well as in DIPGs affecting boys; however, DIPGs affecting girls showed both downregulation and upregulation of XIST. Girls’ with longer survival positively correlated with XIST expression. Conclusions The involvement of ncRNAs in DIPGs is imminent and their expression profile is useful to differentiate them from non-neoplastic tissues and non-brain stem astrocytomas, which suggests their potential use as DIPG biomarkers. In fact, XIST and XIST-210 are potential DIPG prognostic biomarkers (AU)

[Model of care for the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis from the first to the third level]. / Modelo de atención para el tratamiento de pacientes con osteoartritis del primer al tercer nivel.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis in Mexico is one of the ten most frequent causes of disability. Early diagnosis and detection of risk factors are determinant for treatment. The institutional organization establishes therapeutic guidelines according to each level of care, but effective management is not achieved. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, pilot, interventional, clinical study was conducted, which included patients diagnosed with different degrees of knee osteoarthritis in the first, second and third level of care, with an integrative model that includes a group of professionals for the intervention of nutritional, physiotherapeutic, social and psychological evaluation from the first level. RESULTS: The intervention of a multidisciplinary care group allows a correct evaluation and assignment of the level of care, optimizing human and material resources. The participation of different disciplines in nutrition, psychology, social work, physiotherapy and rehabilitation modifies the global lifestyle by involving the patients themselves in their treatment. The intervention group had improvements in the visual analog pain scale, mobility arcs, low body mass index and improvement in the psychological aspect. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed model of care demonstrates that implementation in the institution and in each clinical care unit should be considered to improve outcomes.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La osteoartritis en México es una de las 10 causas más frecuentes de discapacidad. El diagnóstico temprano y la detección de factores de riesgo son determinantes para el tratamiento. La organización institucional establece las pautas terapéuticas de acuerdo con cada nivel de atención, pero no se logra un manejo efectivo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, piloto, de intervención, clínico conformado por pacientes diagnosticados con diferentes grados de osteoartritis de rodilla en el primer, segundo y tercer nivel de atención, con un modelo integrador que incluyó un grupo de profesionales para la intervención de la evaluación nutricional, fisioterapéutica, social y sicológica desde el primer nivel. RESULTADOS: La intervención de un grupo de atención multidisciplinaria permite una correcta evaluación y asignación del nivel de atención optimizando los recursos humanos y materiales. La participación de diferentes disciplinas en nutrición, sicología, trabajo social, fisioterapia y rehabilitación modifica el estilo de vida global al involucrar a los propios pacientes en su tratamiento. El grupo de intervención tuvo mejoras en la escala de dolor análogo visual, arcos de movilidad, bajo índice de masa corporal y mejoría en el aspecto sicológico. CONCLUSIONES: El modelo de atención propuesto demuestra que la implementación en la institución y en cada unidad clínica de atención debe considerarse para mejorar los resultados.

[Radiographic evaluation of femoral and tibial tunnel position in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with anatomic technique]. / Evaluación radiográfica de la posición del túnel femoral y tibial en reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior con técnica anatómica.

INTRODUCTION: Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament attempts to reproduce the native ligament; make independent tunnels optimize the entry points and effectiveness the anatomy. Perform radiographic measurements of the knee, identify position of femoral and tibial tunnels in patients operated for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with anatomical technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients were identified in the period January 2018 to December 2019. 98 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Radiographic measurements in the femur, the inclination angle of the tunnel, the insertion site with respect to the Blumensaat line and the transosseous distance were determined. In tibia, the location in percentage of the tibial plateau location in anteroposterior and lateral view, tibial tunnel angle. RESULTS: Postoperative patients were 98. (75.5%) male, female (24.5%). Postoperative in 2018 (57.15%) and 2019 (42.85%) Age range: affected group was 21-25 years, right side affected in 57.15%; Radiographic measurements in femur, the angle of inclination of the tunnel was 45o, percentage in the Blumensaat line was 20%, and the transosseous distance was 3.43 cm. In tibia the percentage distance in anteroposterior projection was 44%, and lateral 28%, The angle in tibial tunnel anteroposterior projection of 73 degrees, and lateral 114. CONCLUSION: The anatomical technique is a good option to perform tunnels with an optimal anatomical position. By making independent tunnels it allows to improve coverage of normal antomic footprint. Increases degrees and inclination of tunnels, causes added injuries.

INTRODUCCIÓN: En la reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior se intenta reproducir ligamento nativo, realizar túneles independientes, optimizar los puntos de entrada y la efectividad de la anatomía; hacer mediciones radiográficas de rodilla, identificar la posición del túnel femoral y tibial en pacientes operados de reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior con técnica anatómica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se identificaron pacientes en el período de Enero de 2018 a Diciembre de 2019. Se evaluaron de manera retrospectiva 98 pacientes. Mediciones radiográficas en fémur: se determinó el ángulo de inclinación del túnel, el sitio de inserción con respecto a la línea de Blumensaat y la distancia transósea. En tibia: la ubicación en porcentaje de la localización de platillo tibial en proyección anteroposterior y lateral, ángulo de túnel tibial. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes postoperados fueron 98, masculinos (75.5%) y femeninos (24.5%). Postoperados en el año 2018 (57.15%) y en 2019 (42.85%). Rango de edad: el grupo afectado fue de 21-25 años, lado afectado: derecho en 57.15%. Mediciones radiográficas en fémur: el ángulo de inclinación del túnel fue de 45o, el porcentaje en la línea de Blumensaat fue de 20% y la distancia transósea fue 3.43 cm. En tibia la distancia porcentual en proyección anteroposterior fue de 44% y lateral de 28%. El ángulo en túnel tibial en proyección anteroposterior fue de 73º y lateral de 114º. CONCLUSIÓN: La técnica anatómica es una buena opción para efectuar túneles con posición anatómica óptima. Realizar túneles independientes permite mejorar la cobertura de la huella anatómica normal, aumenta los grados y la inclinación de túneles y provoca lesiones agregadas.

Noncoding RNAs as potential biomarkers for DIPG diagnosis and prognosis: XIST and XIST-210 involvement.

PURPOSE: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are the most fatal primary brainstem tumors in pediatric patients. The identification of new molecular features, mediating their formation and progression, as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), would be of great importance for the development of effective treatments. METHODS: We analyzed the DIPGs transcriptome with the HTA2.0 array and it was compared with pediatric non-brainstem astrocytoma expression profiles (GSE72269). RESULTS: More than 50% of the differentially expressed transcripts were ncRNAs and based on this, we proposed a DIPGs ncRNA signature. LncRNAs XIST and XIST-210, and the HBII-52 and HBII-85 snoRNA clusters were markedly downregulated in DIPGs. qPCR assays demonstrated XIST downregulation in all non-brainstem astrocytomas, in a gender, age, and brain location-independent manner, as well as in DIPGs affecting boys; however, DIPGs affecting girls showed both downregulation and upregulation of XIST. Girls' with longer survival positively correlated with XIST expression. CONCLUSIONS: The involvement of ncRNAs in DIPGs is imminent and their expression profile is useful to differentiate them from non-neoplastic tissues and non-brain stem astrocytomas, which suggests their potential use as DIPG biomarkers. In fact, XIST and XIST-210 are potential DIPG prognostic biomarkers.

[Effectiveness of tranexamic acid for decreased allogenic blood transfusion in total hip arthroplasty]. / Eficacia del ácido tranexámico para la disminución de la transfusión de sangre alogénica en la artroplastía total de cadera.

INTRODUCTION: ATC can cause considerable blood loss. To reduce the need for blood transfusion, various preoperative techniques such as administration of tranexamic acid (ATX) are used. OBJECTIVE: to demonstrate that the use of ATX decreases the need for allogeneic blood transfusion in patients operated on ATC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, observational, descriptive study, used to observe the allogeneic blood transfusion rate in patients who underwent unilateral primary ATC from May 2016 to December 2017. ATX was applied preoperatively and after 24 hours a blood count was taken and the need for blood transfusion was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 70 patients were included in the study. The average postoperative Hb 11.7 mg/dl with a range of 9.2 to 14.9 mg/dl and an average Ht of 37.1% with a range of 30.2 to 44.2%. None of the patients required allogeneic blood transfusión. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates how ATX is a transoperative strategy to reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion in patients undergoing primary ATC.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La artroplastía total de cadera (ATC) puede causar una pérdida considerable de sangre. Para reducir la necesidad de transfusión de sangre se utilizan diversas técnicas preoperatorias como la administración de ácido tranexámico (ATX). OBJETIVO: Demostrar que el uso de ATX disminuye la necesidad de transfusión de sangre alogénica en pacientes operados de ATC. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio prospectivo, observacional, descriptivo, utilizado para observar la tasa de transfusión de sangre alogénica en pacientes a quienes se les practicó ATC primaria unilateral de Mayo de 2016 a Diciembre de 2017. A los pacientes incluidos en el estudio se les aplicó ATX preoperatoriamente, a las 24 horas se tomó una biometría hemática y se valoró la necesidad de transfusión sanguínea. RESULTADOS: Se incluyó un total de 70 pacientes en el estudio. La Hb promedio postquirúrgica 11.7 mg/dl con un rango de 9.2 a 14.9 mg/dl y un Hto promedio de 37.1% con un rango de 30.2 a 44.2%. Ninguno de los pacientes requirió de transfusión de sangre alogénica. CONCLUSIONES: En este estudio se demuestra cómo el ATX es una estrategia transoperatoria para reducir la necesidad de transfusión de sangre alogénica en pacientes a quienes se realiza una ATC primaria.

Aerobic processes for bioleaching manganese and silver using microorganisms indigenous to mine tailings.

Mining wastes containing appreciable concentrations of silver are considered alternative sources for metal extraction, although these wastes are often refractory due to the presence of manganese oxides. The high cost and/or environmental impact of the hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical extraction processes make it necessary to search for biotechnological processes for the solubilization of manganese compounds. This paper describes the characterization of chemoorganotrophic microorganisms indigenous to the tailings of a silver mine located in Coahuila, México, regarding their capability to remove manganese and silver present in these residues by lixiviation. The Bacterial and fungal strains isolated were identified by sequencing the rDNA 16S and ITS-1-ITS-2 genomic regions, respectively; the bacterial strains correspond to isolates of Roseospira sp. and Sphingomonas sp., whereas the fungal strains include isolates of Cladosporium sp. A, Cladosporium sp. B and Penicillium chrysogenum. These fungal strains show an effective capacity to lixiviate manganese and silver from solid mine residue when incubated in 9 k medium; it was found that under these conditions, leaching of metals occurs due to a mixed biotic-abiotic process, which yields manganese and silver leaching efficiencies in the ranges of 58-74% and 40-67%, respectively. The fungal strains grown in the LMM medium and the bacterial strains incubated in the PDB medium caused leaching of manganese with a lower efficiency in the range of 0.17-0.24% and 1.42-1.73%, respectively; under these conditions, silver leaching by fungal and bacterial strains appeared to be reduced (< 0.1%).Through in vitro cultures, it was determined that P. chrysogenum and Sphingomonas sp. showed the highest levels of silver resistance.

Chitinolytic activity of phylogenetically diverse Bacillus cereus sensu lato from natural environments.

Bacillus cereus s.l., Gram-positive endospore-forming bacilli, persist ubiquitously in different natural habitats and play various ecological roles. Nevertheless, although chitin is one of the most abundant polymer on Earth, the study of the ability of B. cereus s.l. to hydrolyze this polymer were limited to individual B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains only. Thus, to fill this gap in this research we focused on (i) the linkage between the capability to chitin degradation and the phylogenetic relatedness of B. cereus s.l. strains, and (ii) the genetic background of chitinolytic properties of these bacilli. Our results showed that chitin degradation is common among the B. cereus group members, yet strains clustered into particular phylogenetic groups differ in their chitinolytic capacity. Separate clustering of chitinolytic and non-chitinolytic strains in the phylogenetic tree indicates the ecotypic structure of these isolates. Two proteins belonging to subfamily A (ChiA) and subfamily B (ChiB) of the glycoside hydrolase GH18 family exhibited simultaneous chitobiosidase and endochitinase activities, and are responsible for chitin utilization by environmental B. cereus s.l. isolates.

Eficacia del ácido tranexámico para la disminución de la transfusión de sangre alogénica en la artroplastía total de cadera / Effectiveness of tranexamic acid for decreased allogenic blood transfusion in total hip arthroplasty

Resumen: Introducción: La artroplastía total de cadera (ATC) puede causar una pérdida considerable de sangre. Para reducir la necesidad de transfusión de sangre se utilizan diversas técnicas preoperatorias como la administración de ácido tranexámico (ATX). Objetivo: Demostrar que el uso de ATX disminuye la necesidad de transfusión de sangre alogénica en pacientes operados de ATC. Material y métodos: estudio prospectivo, observacional, descriptivo, utilizado para observar la tasa de transfusión de sangre alogénica en pacientes a quienes se les practicó ATC primaria unilateral de Mayo de 2016 a Diciembre de 2017. A los pacientes incluidos en el estudio se les aplicó ATX preoperatoriamente, a las 24 horas se tomó una biometría hemática y se valoró la necesidad de transfusión sanguínea. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 70 pacientes en el estudio. La Hb promedio postquirúrgica 11.7 mg/dl con un rango de 9.2 a 14.9 mg/dl y un Hto promedio de 37.1% con un rango de 30.2 a 44.2%. Ninguno de los pacientes requirió de transfusión de sangre alogénica. Conclusiones: En este estudio se demuestra cómo el ATX es una estrategia transoperatoria para reducir la necesidad de transfusión de sangre alogénica en pacientes a quienes se realiza una ATC primaria.

Abstract: Introduction: ATC can cause considerable blood loss. To reduce the need for blood transfusion, various preoperative techniques such as administration of tranexamic acid (ATX) are used. Objective: to demonstrate that the use of ATX decreases the need for allogeneic blood transfusion in patients operated on ATC. Material and methods: Prospective, observational, descriptive study, used to observe the allogeneic blood transfusion rate in patients who underwent unilateral primary ATC from May 2016 to December 2017. ATX was applied preoperatively and after 24 hours a blood count was taken and the need for blood transfusion was assessed. Results: A total of 70 patients were included in the study. The average postoperative Hb 11.7 mg/dl with a range of 9.2 to 14.9 mg/dl and an average Ht of 37.1% with a range of 30.2 to 44.2%. None of the patients required allogeneic blood transfusión. Conclusions: This study demonstrates how ATX is a transoperative strategy to reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion in patients undergoing primary ATC.

[Recommendations for in-office bio-security, operating room and hospital visit in orthopedics during the COVID-19 pandemic]. / Recomendaciones de bioseguridad en consultorio, quirófano y pase de visita en ortopedia durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

No Abstract available.

Hidden Costs in the Physiology of Argia anceps (Zigoptera: Coenagrionidae) due to Pollution.

Before a population becomes extinct, there are hidden costs in the physiology at the individual level that provide valuable insights into their condition. Here, we study two dams with one species in common (Argia anceps Garrison, 1996) to evaluate whether their physiological condition differed (total protein quantity, prophenoloxidase (proPO) and phenoloxidase (PO) activity, and protein carbonylation) during two consecutive years. The first dam, "El Gallinero" (contaminated, C), contains organic input from mines and agricultural activity, whereas the second, "Paso de Vaqueros" (non-contaminated, NC), is part of a biosphere reserve. Although at a phenological level, some physiological differences were observed (2012 vs 2013), individuals from the contaminated population had less total protein (2012, median = 1.815 µg/µL; 2013, 0.081 µg/µL) and more carbonylations in their proteins (2012, median = 19.00 nmol/mg; 2013, median = 121.69 nmol/mg) compared with the non-contaminated population (protein quantity in 2012, median = 3.716 µg/µL; 2013, median = 0.054 µg/µL; protein carbonylations in 2012, median = 0.00 nmol/mg; 2013, median = 99.44 nmol/mg). However, no significant differences were found in prophenoloxidase (C, median = 0.002 Vmax; NC, median = 0.002 Vmax) and phenoloxidase activity (C, median = 0.002 Vmax; NC, median = 0.001 Vmax). In addition, the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and Zn were more elevated in the C than NC population (C, BOD = 11.7, Zn = 0.17; NC, BOD = 8, Zn = 0.14). The results show that the impact of human activity can be observed not only through the extinction of species, but also at the physiological level of the individuals composing the populations through the evaluation of biomolecular damage, which can be observed at a much shorter scale compared with species extinction.

Alteration of Fermentative Metabolism Enhances Mucor circinelloides Virulence.

The fungus Mucor circinelloides undergoes yeast-mold dimorphism, a developmental process associated with its capability as a human opportunistic pathogen. Dimorphism is strongly influenced by carbon metabolism, and hence the type of metabolism likely affects fungus virulence. We investigated the role of ethanol metabolism in M. circinelloides virulence. A mutant in the adh1 gene (M5 strain) exhibited higher virulence than the wild-type (R7B) and the complemented (M5/pEUKA-adh1+) strains, which were nonvirulent when tested in a mouse infection model. Cell-free culture supernatant (SS) from the M5 mutant showed increased toxic effect on nematodes compared to that from R7B and M5/pEUKA-adh1+ strains. The concentration of acetaldehyde excreted by strain M5 in the SS was higher than that from R7B, which correlated with the acute toxic effect on nematodes. Remarkably, strain M5 showed higher resistance to H2O2, resistance to phagocytosis, and invasiveness in mouse tissues and induced an enhanced systemic inflammatory response compared with R7B. The mice infected with strain M5 under disulfiram treatment exhibited only half the life expectancy of those infected with M5 alone, suggesting that acetaldehyde produced by M. circinelloides contributes to the toxic effect in mice. These results demonstrate that the failure in fermentative metabolism, in the step of the production of ethanol in M. circinelloides, contributes to its virulence, inducing a more severe tissue burden and inflammatory response in mice as a consequence of acetaldehyde overproduction.

Alcohol dehydrogenase 1 participates in the Crabtree effect and connects fermentative and oxidative metabolism in the Zygomycete Mucor circinelloides.

Mucor circinelloides is a dimorphic Zygomycete fungus that produces ethanol under aerobic conditions in the presence of glucose, which indicates that it is a Crabtree-positive fungus. To determine the physiological role of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity elicited under these conditions, we obtained and characterized an allyl alcohol-resistant mutant that was defective in ADH activity, and examined the effect of adh mutation on physiological parameters related to carbon and energy metabolism. Compared to the Adh+ strain R7B, the ADH-defective (Adh-) strain M5 was unable to grow under anaerobic conditions, exhibited a considerable reduction in ethanol production in aerobic cultures when incubated with glucose, had markedly reduced growth capacity in the presence of oxygen when ethanol was the sole carbon source, and exhibited very low levels of NAD+-dependent alcohol de-hydrogenase activity in the cytosolic fraction. Further characterization of the M5 strain showed that it contains a 10-bp deletion that interrupts the coding region of the adhl gene. Complementation with the wild-type allele adh1+ by transformation of M5 remedied all the defects caused by the adh1 mutation. These findings indicate that in M. circinelloides, the product of the adh1 gene mediates the Crabtree effect, and can act as either a fermentative or an oxidative enzyme, depending on the nutritional conditions, thereby participating in the association between fermentative and oxidative metabolism. It was found that the spores of M. circinelloides possess low mRNA levels of the ethanol assimilation genes (adl2 and acs2), which could explain their inability to grow in the alcohol.