Bone modification of the college american football player: longitudinal study / Modificaciones óseas del jugador de futbol americano universitario: estudio longitudinal

The purpose of this study was to know the bone changes of college football (FA)players. A total of 39 male FA players participated, ranging in age from 18 to 25 years old. They were grouped according to each playing position they play in the team such as: Linemen (n = 15), players of great skills (n = 7), players of skill (n = 13) and quarterbacks (n = 4). For the assessment of BMD (g/cm2) a Double X-ray Bone Densitometry (DXA) was used. The results of this study showed a significant decrease (p<.05) of BMD in head and legs, in contrast, the CMO showed an increase in legs, however, in the pelvic region showed a significant decrease (p<.05). In conclusion, significant changes were found for BMD and CMO in the head, leg and pelvis regions in college AF players over a one-year span of competition (AU)

El propósito de este estudio fue conocer los cambios óseos de los jugadores de futbol americano (FA) universitario. Participaron un total de 39 jugadores de FA masculino, con rangos de edad de 18 a 25 años. Se agruparon acorde a cada posición de juego que desempeñan en el equipo como: Linieros (n=15), jugadores de grandes habilidades (n=7), jugadores de habilidad (n=13) y mariscales de campo (n=4). Para la valoración de DMO (g/cm2) se utilizó un Densitometría Ósea Doble de Rayos X (DXA). Los resultados de este estudio mostraron una disminución significativa (p<.05) de DMO en cabeza y piernas, en cambio, el CMO mostró un aumento en piernas, sin embargo, en la región de pelvis mostro una disminución significativa (p<.05). En conclusión, se encontraron cambios significativos para la DMO y CMO en las regiones de cabeza, piernas y pelvis en los jugadores de FA universitario en un lapso de un año de competencia (AU)

Inhibidores de PCSK-9, efectos sobre el cLDL e implicaciones futuras: lo que se debe saber / PCSK-9 inhibitors, effects on LDL-C and future implications: What you should know

El descubrimiento de la proproteína convertasa de subtilisina/kexina tipo 9 (PCSK9) en el año 2003 en familias con hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF) generó posteriormente el desarrollo de estrategias farmacológicas a fin de inhibir esta proteína. Doce años después de este descubrimiento, se logró la aprobación de los 2 primeros compuestos biológicos (anticuerpos monoclonales) que han demostrado disminuir en forma sustancial el cLDL y otras subfracciones lipídicas. El objetivo del presente artículo es repasar la historia del descubrimiento de la PCSK9, de su fisiología y fisiopatología, y del posterior desarrollo farmacológico. Se plantean los objetivos y las metas alcanzados a la fecha y las cuestiones pendientes en cuanto a la eficacia y la seguridad de su uso clínico

The discovery of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in 2003 in families with familial hypercholesterolemia (HF) later generated the development of pharmacological strategies in order to inhibit this protein. Twelve years after this discovery, the first two biological compounds (monoclonal antibodies) were approved, which have been shown to substantially decrease LDL-C and other lipid subfractions. The objective of the present article is to review the history of the discovery of PCSK9, its physiology and pathophysiology and subsequent pharmacological development. The objectives and goals reached to date and the pending questions regarding the efficacy and safety of its clinical use are presented

[PCSK-9 inhibitors, effects on LDL-C and future implications: What you should know]. / Inhibidores de PCSK-9, efectos sobre el cLDL e implicaciones futuras: lo que se debe saber.

The discovery of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in 2003 in families with familial hypercholesterolemia (HF) later generated the development of pharmacological strategies in order to inhibit this protein. Twelve years after this discovery, the first two biological compounds (monoclonal antibodies) were approved, which have been shown to substantially decrease LDL-C and other lipid subfractions. The objective of the present article is to review the history of the discovery of PCSK9, its physiology and pathophysiology and subsequent pharmacological development. The objectives and goals reached to date and the pending questions regarding the efficacy and safety of its clinical use are presented.

Salivary but not plasma cortisone tracks the plasma cortisol response to exercise: effect of time of day.

INTRODUCTION: The cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, and CBG responses to exercise in the AM and PM have not been described. This study examined the response of these glucocorticoids and CBG to intense exercise in 12 endurance-trained men in plasma (Pl) and saliva (Sa). METHODS: Each subject completed treadmill exercise in the morning and evening. Paired blood and Sa samples were obtained at rest before and after exercise. RESULTS: Significant time effect existed for Pl-cortisol and Sa-cortisol from baseline in the AM and PM (p < 0.01). Pl-cortisone and CBG significantly increased in the PM (p < 0.01). Pl-corticosterone increased in the AM and PM (p < 0.01). Unlike Pl-cortisone, Sa-cortisone was significantly higher in the AM compared to the PM, increasing in the AM and PM (All p < 0.01). Strong associations were found between Pl-cortisol and Sa-cortisol (r = 0.81, p < 0.0001), Pl-cortisol and Sa-cortisone (r = 0.81, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: (1) Intense EX induces a similar increase in Pl-cortisone (~90 %) and corticosterone (~200 %) in the AM and PM, whereas exercise increases CBG in the PM, but not in the AM; (2) vigorous exercise increases Sa-cortisone; (3) Sa-cortisone and cortisol are equally strongly correlated to Pl-cortisol, suggesting a significant role for Sa-cortisone as a novel marker of free cortisol during exercise.

Natronococcus roseus sp. nov., a haloalkaliphilic archaeon from a hypersaline lake.

A novel halophilic archaeon, strain CG-1(T), belonging to the genus Natronococcus was isolated from sediment of the soda lake Chagannor in Inner Mongolia, China. The colonies of this strain were pink pigmented, the intensity of the colour decreased when the cells grew at salt saturation levels. The cells were non-motile cocci and strictly aerobic. Hypotonic treatment did not cause cell lysis, even in distilled water. Strain CG-1(T) grew at 15-30.0 % (w/v) NaCl and at 30-50 °C and pH 8.0-11.0, with optimal growth occurring at 25-30 % (w/v) NaCl, 37-45 °C and pH 9-9.5. MgCl(2) was not required for growth. Strain CG-1(T) was most closely related to the type strains of Natronococcus amylolyticus Ah-36(T), Natronococcus jeotgali B1(T) and Natronococcus occultus SP4(T), with which it shared 98.4 %, 96.2 and 95.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. The polar lipids consisted of C(20)C(20) and C(20)C(25) derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me) and minor phospholipid components. No glycolipids were detected. The DNA G+C content of strain CG-1(T) was 62.1 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization with N. amylolyticus DSM 10524(T), phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 39 %; this value showed that strain CG-1(T) constituted a different genospecies. The comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences, detailed phenotypic characterization, polar lipid profile and DNA-DNA hybridization studies revealed that strain CG-1(T) belongs to the genus Natronococcus and constitutes a novel species for which the name Natronococcus roseus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CG-1(T) (=CECT 7984(T)=IBRC-M 10656(T)=JCM 17958(T)).

Predictors of pathological gambling severity taking gender differences into account.

BACKGROUND: The current study aims to identify predictors of pathological gambling (PG) severity, taking gender differences into account, in an outpatient sample of pathological gamblers seeking treatment. METHODS: The sample for this study consisted of 103 subjects (51 women and 52 men) meeting current DSM-IV-TR criteria for PG. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to examine different risk factors (gender, age, impulsivity, sensation seeking, self-esteem) and risk markers (depression, anxiety, gambling-related thoughts, substance abuse) as predictors of PG severity. RESULTS: Impulsivity, maladjustment in everyday life and age at gambling onset were the best predictors in the overall sample. When gender differences were taken into account, duration of gambling disorder in women and depression and impulsivity in men predicted PG severity. In turn, a high degree of severity in the South Oaks Gambling Screen score was related to older age and more familiy support in women and to low self-esteem and alcohol abuse in men. Female gamblers were older than male gamblers and started gambling later in life, but became dependent on gambling more quickly than men. CONCLUSIONS: Further research should examine these data to tailor treatment to specific patients' needs according to sex and individual characteristics.

Factor H and CFHR1 polymorphisms associated with atypical Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (aHUS) are differently expressed in Tunisian and in Caucasian populations.

Several polymorphisms in the complement components factor H and CFHR1 are associated with higher risk to develop atypical Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (aHUS) in Caucasians. We have determined the prevalence of these polymorphisms in Tunisian controls by using genetic and immunological techniques. No differences in the frequency of the factor H risk alleles c.-331C>T, c.2089A>G or c.2881G>T between Tunisian and Caucasians were found. On the contrary, the analysis of CFHR1 polymorphism revealed a higher frequency of Tunisian individuals homozygous for the CFHR1*Del (deleted) allele, and of individuals presenting the CFHR1*A phenotype. These results suggest distinct contributions of factor H and CFHR1 polymorphisms to aHUS in Tunisian and Caucasian populations.

Halorubrum aquaticum sp. nov., an archaeon isolated from hypersaline lakes.

Two halophilic archaea, strains EN-2(T) and SH-4, were isolated from the saline lakes Erliannor and Shangmatala, respectively, in Inner Mongolia, China. Cells were strictly aerobic, motile rods. Colonies were red. Strains EN-2(T) and SH-4 were able to grow at 25-50 °C (optimum 35-40 °C), with 2.5-5.0 M NaCl (optimum 3.4 M NaCl) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.5). MgCl(2) was not required for growth. Cells lysed in distilled water and the lowest NaCl concentration that prevented cell lysis was 12 % (w/v). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains EN-2(T) and SH-4 were closely related to Halorubrum cibi B31(T) (97.9 and 98.0 % similarity, respectively), Hrr. tibetense 8W8(T) (97.3 and 97.7 %), Hrr. alkaliphilum DZ-1(T) (96.8 and 97.1 %), Hrr. luteum CGSA15(T) (96.8 and 97.0 %) and Hrr. lipolyticum 9-3(T) (96.8 and 97.0 %). DNA-DNA hybridization showed that strains EN-2(T) and SH-4 did not belong to the same species as any of these strains (≤ 45 % DNA-DNA relatedness) but that they are members of the same species (>70 % DNA-DNA relatedness). Polar lipid analysis revealed that strains EN-2(T) and SH-4 contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, sulfated diglycosyl diethers and several unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content of both isolates was 62.1 mol%. It was concluded that strains EN-2(T) and SH-4 represent a novel species of the genus Halorubrum, for which the name Halorubrum aquaticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EN-2(T) ( = CECT 7174(T)  = CGMCC 1.6377(T)  = JCM 14031(T)).

Estudio piloto comparativo de las expectativas del enfermo y la familia relacionadas con la autonomía personal en cuidados paliativos / No disponible

Introducción: el conseguir o mantener el mejor estado de salud o de calidad de vida para el paciente al final de una enfermedad, es una labor de los cuidados paliativos. Son muchos los estudios que intentan relacionar el bajo nivel de autonomía con una menor y peor supervivencia, de ahí la importancia de trabajar desde todos los puntos de mira del paciente: autonomía e independencia, familia... y no sólo el tratamiento de síntomas de la enfermedad. Objetivos: este estudio piloto plantea como objetivo: "comparar las expectativas del enfermo y la familia relacionadas con la autonomía personal del enfermo". Intenta desenmascarar en primer lugar: "la importancia que tanto el enfermo como la familia confieren a la dependencia funcional ocasionada por el progreso de la enfermedad", en segundo y tercer lugar: “explorar las expectativas personales del enfermo y la familia, con respecto a la autonomía personal", y "valorar las diferencias de esas expectativas entre el enfermo y el cuidador". Material y métodos: es un artículo descriptivo, en el que se han elaborado dos cuestionarios (Anexos 1 y 2), con indicadores que valoran las expectativas de ambos, el paciente y su cuidador, en relación a la autonomía del enfermo. Este cuestionario ha sido respondido por los pacientes y sus familiares que pertenecían a una unidad de cuidados paliativos y que no estaban diagnosticados de deterioro cognitivo. Las preguntas relacionan el grado de autonomía del paciente, con las preocupaciones que aparecen entre ambos, durante el proceso de esta enfermedad. Resultados: enfrentando las preocupaciones que manifiestan tanto familia y enfermo, en relación a lo que el cuidador cree que es lo más importante para su familiar destacamos, las relacionadas con el hecho de que esté solo, la evolución de la enfermedad y el dolor que pueda desencadenar el proceso. Por el contrario, las principales inquietudes por parte del enfermo son, en primer lugar, que su familia sufra, seguido de estar solo, y a continuación ser dependiente para las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD) y tener dolor. Por lo tanto las percepciones y expectativas que el cuidador tiene de su familiar y viceversa, no son las mismas. Conclusión: las conclusiones son claras, todo cuidador que tenga a su familiar en una unidad de cuidados paliativos, ayuda en alto grado a la realización de las ABVD, incluso aunque no sea estrictamente necesario. Cabe destacar que esta implicación de los cuidadores se debe a motivos relacionados con el apoyo emocional. Ambos, familia y cuidador, valoran como muy importante la preocupación que tiene el uno por el otro y viceversa (AU)

Introduction: to gain or maintain better health or quality of life for the patient at the end of a disease is the work of palliative care. Many studies attempt to link a low level of autonomy with shorter, worse survival, hence the importance of our work from all points of view on patient autonomy and independence, and not just treat the symptoms of the disease. Objectives: this pilot study is "to compare the patient and family expectations regarding patient personal autonomy". To try first to unmask "the importance that both the patient and the family give to functional dependence as caused by disease progression"; in the second and third place: "to explore the personal expectations of patients and families about personal autonomy", and "to value differences in expectations between patients and caregivers". Material and methods: a descriptive article with the development of two questionnaires (Annex 1 and 2), and indicators that assess the expectations of both the patient and primary caregiver in relation to patient autonomy. This questionnaire was answered by patients and their families in a palliative care unit and with no cognitive impairment. Questions regarding patient autonomy degree, and concerns reported during disease. Results: the concerns expressed by both family and patient in relation to what the caregiver feels is more important to the patient should be addressed. In contrast, the main concerns for the sick are, first, that their family is suffering, followed by their being alone, becoming dependent of ADL, and pain. Therefore the perceptions and expectations of caregivers and patients regarding each other, are not the same. Conclusions: clearly, any caregiver with a family member in a palliative care unit helps greatly in ADL performance, even if not strictly necessary. Importantly, this involvement of carers results from reasons related to emotional support. Both patients and caregivers assessed their concern for each other as highly relevant (AU)

Natronorubrum sediminis sp. nov., an archaeon isolated from a saline lake.

Two novel haloalkaliphilic archaea, strains CG-6T and CG-4, were isolated from sediment of the hypersaline Lake Chagannor in Inner Mongolia, China. Cells of the two strains were pleomorphic, non-motile and strictly aerobic. They required at least 2.5 M NaCl for growth, with optimum growth at 3.4 M NaCl. They grew at pH 8.0-11.0, with optimum growth at pH 9.0. Hypotonic treatment with less than 1.5 M NaCl caused cell lysis. The two strains had similar polar lipid compositions, possessing C20C20 and C20C25 derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester. No glycolipids were detected. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences and morphological features placed them in the genus Natronorubrum. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to strains of recognized species of the genus Natronorubrum were 96.2-93.8%. Detailed phenotypic characterization and DNA-DNA hybridization studies revealed that the two strains belong to a novel species in the genus Natronorubrum, for which the name Natronorubrum sediminis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is CG-6T (=CECT 7487T =CGMCC 1.8981T =JCM 15982T).

Successful renal transplantation in a patient with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome carrying mutations in both factor I and MCP.

Kidney transplantation in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) carrying mutations in the soluble complement regulators factor H (CFH) or factor I (CFI) is associated with elevated risk of disease recurrence and almost certain graft loss. In contrast, recurrence is unusual in patients with mutations in the membrane-associated complement regulator membrane cofactor protein (MCP) (CD46). Therefore, a panel of experts recently recommended the combined liver-kidney transplantation to minimize aHUS recurrence in patients with mutations in CFH or CFI. There was, however, very limited information regarding transplantation in patients carrying mutations in both soluble and membrane-associated complement regulators to support a recommendation. Here, we report the case of an aHUS patient with a heterozygous mutation in both CFI and MCP who received an isolated kidney transplant expressing normal MCP levels. Critically, the patient suffered from a severe antibody-mediated rejection that was successfully treated with plasmapheresis and IvIgG. Most important, despite the complement activation in the allograft, there was no evidence of thrombotic microangiopathy, suggesting that the normal MCP levels in the grafted kidney were sufficient to prevent the aHUS recurrence. Our results suggest that isolated kidney transplantation may be a good first option for care in aHUS patients carrying CFI/MCP combined heterozygous mutations.

Insuficiencia respiratoria aguda como manifestación inicial de esclerosis lateral amiotrófica / Acute respiratory failure as initial manifestation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

No disponible

No disponible

Secuelas emocionales en víctimas de abuso sexual en la infancia / Emotional consequences in victims of sexual abuse in childhood

En este estudio se hace un análisis sobre las consecuencias del abuso sexual a corto y largo plazo, así como sobre el impacto inmediato de la victimización y de las repercusiones a largo plazo en la salud mental. Se revisan asimismo las situaciones de alto riesgo y los factores protectores que pueden amortiguar el impacto del abuso sexual. Se comentan las implicaciones de este estudio para la investigación clínica y la práctica forense

In this study the immediate and long-term impact of sexual abuse in children and the psychological consequences on their mental health during adult life are reviewed. High-risk situations, as well as protective factors that may minimize the impact of sexual abuse, are analyzed. Implications of these findings for clinical research and forensic practice are commented upon

Seasonal changes in wood formation of Ulmus pumila and U. minor and its relation with Dutch elm disease.

Elms containing narrow and scattered vessels have been reported to be more resistant to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi (Dutch elm disease pathogen) than elms with large and contiguous vessels. However, recent measurements in Ulmus pumila and U. minor showed a contrary trend. The pin method was applied to 4-yr-old branches of eight clones planted in Madrid. During 2002, radial growth increments and vessel diameters were measured monthly, and beetle trapping was undertaken weekly. U. minor formed larger vessels at the beginning of the season, coinciding with a peak of captured beetles, but, up to June 15, vessels were larger for U. pumila. The number of vessels per group, the transversal area per vessel group, and the mean theoretical hydraulic conductances were significantly higher for U. minor on most dates. Researchers should take into consideration the seasonal changes in vessel size. The results highlight that seasonal variation of vessel diameters and hydraulic parameters, in combination with beetle abundance, are the main factors that could explain the different susceptibility of both elm species to O. novo-ulmi.

Colitis linfocitaria inducida por carbamacepina / Lymphocytic colitis induced for carbamazepine

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Secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética secundaria a paroxetina / Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone secondary to paroxetine

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