Características clínicas de pacientes con infección por Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 y patología crítica / Clinical characteristics of patients with infection due to Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 and critical pathology

Objetivos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional en niños ingresados con sospecha clínica de infección por el virus Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 entre los meses de octubre de 2009 y febrero de 2010, haciendo especial énfasis en los que requirieron tratamiento intensivo. Material y métodos: Se analizaron factores de riesgo, síntomas, evolución, complicaciones, mortalidad, tiempo de negativización de RT-PCR Influenza A (H1N1) 2009, estancia media y duración del tratamiento con Oseltamivir, comparando pacientes críticos (grupo I) con el resto de hospitalizados (grupo II). Resultados: Ingresaron 38 niños con una edad media de 5,3±4,6 años. Seis precisaron cuidados intensivos, presentando el 83,3% factores de riesgo de complicaciones para virus Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 frente al 62,5% en el grupo II. El síntoma predominante fue la fiebre >38° C (92,1%); la sintomatología respiratoria fue significativamente más frecuente en el grupo I (83,3% vs. 21,9%; p<0,01). Dos de los pacientes críticos precisaron ventilación mecánica por síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo; un paciente con insuficiencia respiratoria crónica reagudizada respondió favorablemente a oxigenoterapia de alto flujo. Un paciente precisó oxigenación de membrana extracorpórea por shock cardiogénico secundario a miocarditis fulminante, evolucionando a fallo multiorgánico y muerte cerebral. Se mantuvo oseltamivir 8, 6 días en el grupo I y 4,5 días en el grupo II (p<0,05), comprobándose un tiempo medio de negativización de la RT-PCR de 7±2 días en el conjunto de la serie. La estancia media fue significativamente mayor en el grupo I (p<0,001). Dos pacientes ingresados en UCIP fallecieron. Conclusiones: La presencia de factores de riesgo aumenta la probabilidad de evolución desfavorable, con una mortalidad significativa en los pacientes que precisaron cuidados intensivos. La monitorización de la RT-PCR podría ayudar a establecer la duración de las medidas de aislamiento (AU)

Objective: Retrospective, observational study in children hospitalized due to Influenza A (H1N1) between October 2009 and February 2010, emphasizing on those who required intensive therapy. Material and methods: Risk factors, symptoms, course, complications, mortality, time of disappearance of RT-PCR Influenza A (H1N1), average length of stay and duration of treatment with oseltamivir, were studied, comparing critically ill patients (group I) with the rest of hospitalized patients (group II). Results: A total of 38 children, with a mean age of 5.03±4.6 years were admitted during the study period. Six patients required intensive care, 83.3% had risk factors for influenza A (H1N1) compared with 62.5% in group II. Fever > 38°C was the predominant symptom (92.1%). Respiratory symptoms were significantly more frequent in group I (83.3% vs. 33.6; P<0.01). Two critically ill patients required mechanical ventilation due to ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). One patient with exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure responded favourably to high-flow oxygen. One patient developed fulminant myocarditis and required ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) because of secondary cardiogenic shock, which developed into multiple organ dysfunction and brain death. Oseltamivir therapy was given for an average of 8.6 days in group I and 4.5 days in group II (P<0.05), checking the negativity of RT-PCR Influenza A (H1N1) in 7±2 days. The average stay was significantly higher in group I. Two patients admitted to PICU died. Conclusions: The presence of risk factors increases the likelihood of unfavourable outcome: high mortality among patients requiring intensive care. Monitoring of RT-PCR Influenza A (H1N1) could help establish the duration of isolation measures (AU)

[Clinical characteristics of patients with infection due to Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 and critical pathology]. / Características clínicas de pacientes con infección por Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 y patología crítica.

OBJECTIVE: Retrospective, observational study in children hospitalized due to Influenza A (H1N1) between October 2009 and February 2010, emphasizing on those who required intensive therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Risk factors, symptoms, course, complications, mortality, time of disappearance of RT-PCR Influenza A (H1N1), average length of stay and duration of treatment with oseltamivir, were studied, comparing critically ill patients (group I) with the rest of hospitalized patients (group II). RESULTS: A total of 38 children, with a mean age of 5.03±4.6 years were admitted during the study period. Six patients required intensive care, 83.3% had risk factors for influenza A (H1N1) compared with 62.5% in group II. Fever > 38°C was the predominant symptom (92.1%). Respiratory symptoms were significantly more frequent in group I (83.3% vs. 33.6; P<.01). Two critically ill patients required mechanical ventilation due to ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). One patient with exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure responded favourably to high-flow oxygen. One patient developed fulminant myocarditis and required ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) because of secondary cardiogenic shock, which developed into multiple organ dysfunction and brain death. Oseltamivir therapy was given for an average of 8.6 days in group I and 4.5 days in group II (P<.05), checking the negativity of RT-PCR Influenza A (H1N1) in 7±2 days. The average stay was significantly higher in group I. Two patients admitted to PICU died. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of risk factors increases the likelihood of unfavourable outcome: high mortality among patients requiring intensive care. Monitoring of RT-PCR Influenza A (H1N1) could help establish the duration of isolation measures.

La radiografía simple de abdomen como método diagnóstico ante un dolor abdominal / Simple abdominal X-ray as a diagnostic method in abdominal pain

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