Estudo comparativo entre inserção do DIU TCU 380A no pós-parto imediato vs. tardio / Comparative study between TCU 380A IUD insertion in immediate vs. late postpartum

Racional: O dispositivo intrauterino de cobre (DIU TCu380A) é método contraceptivo eficaz e de longa duração, sendo um aliado no planejamento familiar. Objetivo: Analisar e comparar as taxas de complicações, expulsão, seguimento e reinserção do método no período pós-parto (PP) imediato e tardio. Método: Estudo transversal retrospectivo em que foram analisadas todas as mulheres que inseriram o DIU. Os dados coletados foram computados em planilha Excel e avaliados de forma descritiva e analítica. Resultados: Foram avaliados 210 prontuários, onde 182 foram incluídos. Destes, 46.2% inseriram o DIU no PP imediato e 53,8% no PP tardio; ao todo 2,7% tiveram complicações durante a inserção do método. A taxa de expulsão foi de 5,5%, sendo 10,7% no PP imediato e 1,02% no PP tardio. Conclusão: O PP tardio mostrou ser superior nos parâmetros avaliados. No entanto, o PP imediato não deve ser desconsiderado. O imediato possui maiores taxas de expulsão, enquanto que o tardio, apresenta taxas mais elevadas de mau posicionamento.

Background: The copper intrauterine device (TCu380A IUD) is an effective and long-lasting contraceptive method, being an ally in family planning. Objective: To analyze and compare the rates of complications, expulsion, follow-up and reinsertion of the method in the immediate and late postpartum period. Method: Retrospective cross-sectional study in which all women who had the IUD inserted were analyzed. The collected data were computed in an Excel and make spreadsheet in a descriptive and analytical way. Results: 210 medical records were taken, of which 182 were included. Of these, 46.2% inserted the IUD in the immediate postpartum and 53.8% in the late postpartum; a total of 2.7% had complications during insertion of the method. The expulsion rate was 5.5%, being 10.7% in the immediate postpartum and 1.02% in the late postpartum. Conclusion: The late postpartum proved to be superior in the adopted parameters. However, the immediate postpartum should not be disregarded. The immediate period has higher expulsion rates, while the late one has higher rates of bad positioning.

Evaluation of the antiplasmodial and leishmanicidal potential of Myrciaria dubia (Myrtaceae) extract.

INTRODUCTION:: Malaria and leishmaniasis are prevalent in tropical regions, which have environmental characteristics that are highly favorable to protozoa and vectors of these diseases; the transmission of these infections in sub-tropical regions, although recognized, represents only a small fraction of cases. Plants are constantly being used in the search for and acquisition of new drugs, and many compounds derived from them have been used to combat various diseases. In this study, we evaluated the action of the dichloromethanolic extract of Myrciaria dubia leaves against the protozoa Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis, and Leishmania chagasi through bioassays. METHODS: The extract from M. dubia was tested for its anti-P. falciparum activity in an anti-histidine-rich protein II immunosorbent assay. The antileishmanial assays were performed using the resazurin method, while cytotoxicity against human hepatoma (HepG2) strain was determined using the colorimetric MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2- thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide] method. RESULTS: The M. dubia extract presented a half-maximal inhibitory concentration equal to 2.35 (1.05)µg/mL for P. falciparum, 190.73 (6.41) µg/mL for L. amazonensis, and greater than equal to 200µg/mL for L. chagasi and L. braziliensis strains. The cytotoxic concentration for 50% of the cells was above 500µg/mL for HepG2, indicating no toxicity and greater selectivity against parasites. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained indicate the presence of antiplasmodial and leishmanicidal bioactive compounds in the dichloromethanolic extracts of M. dubia leaves, and point towards future studies to elucidate the mechanism of action for each physiological effect.

Evaluation of the antiplasmodial and leishmanicidal potential of Myrciaria dubia (Myrtaceae) extract

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Malaria and leishmaniasis are prevalent in tropical regions, which have environmental characteristics that are highly favorable to protozoa and vectors of these diseases; the transmission of these infections in sub-tropical regions, although recognized, represents only a small fraction of cases. Plants are constantly being used in the search for and acquisition of new drugs, and many compounds derived from them have been used to combat various diseases. In this study, we evaluated the action of the dichloromethanolic extract of Myrciaria dubia leaves against the protozoa Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis, and Leishmania chagasi through bioassays. METHODS The extract from M. dubia was tested for its anti-P. falciparum activity in an anti-histidine-rich protein II immunosorbent assay. The antileishmanial assays were performed using the resazurin method, while cytotoxicity against human hepatoma (HepG2) strain was determined using the colorimetric MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2- thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide] method. RESULTS The M. dubia extract presented a half-maximal inhibitory concentration equal to 2.35 (1.05)μg/mL for P. falciparum, 190.73 (6.41) μg/mL for L. amazonensis, and greater than equal to 200µg/mL for L. chagasi and L. braziliensis strains. The cytotoxic concentration for 50% of the cells was above 500μg/mL for HepG2, indicating no toxicity and greater selectivity against parasites. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained indicate the presence of antiplasmodial and leishmanicidal bioactive compounds in the dichloromethanolic extracts of M. dubia leaves, and point towards future studies to elucidate the mechanism of action for each physiological effect.

Análise da Flexão Lombar e Incapacidade Funcional: um Estudo Comparativo Entre Sujeitos Assintomáticos e Pacientes com Lombalgia / Lumbar Flexion and Functional Disability: a Comparative Study between Asymptomatic Subjects and Patients with Low Back Pain

Analisou-se a flexão lombar e incapacidade funcional em pacientes com lombalgia. Foi caracterizado como um estudo transversal, com amostra de 100 indivíduos, com 50 sujeitos assintomáticos no grupo controle e 50 no grupo com queixas lombares, com idade entre 20 e 65 anos e diagnóstico clínico de lombalgia. Foram excluídos os pacientes que realizaram cirurgias lombares, portadores de doenças reumáticas, hérnia de disco e fraturas. A amostra foi submetida à análise da mobilidade de flexão lombar pelo teste de Schöber e avaliação da incapacidade funcional pelo questionário de Roland-Morris. Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste de Shapiro Wilk, ?t? de Student e Mann-Whitney. Como resultados, o grupo com queixas lombares foi composto por 38 indivíduos do gênero feminino (76%) e 12 do masculino (24%) com idade 38,2 (DP=13,9) anos; e o grupo controle por 38 indivíduos do gênero feminino (76%) e 12 do masculino (24%) com idade de 38,1 (DP=13,6). A análise da flexão lombar apresentou índice de Schöber de 4,2 (DP=1,4) para o grupo lombalgia e 5,5 (DP=1,7) para o controle (p=0,0003). Os resultados da análise de incapacidade funcional pelo Questionário de Roland-Morris demonstraram média de 10,1 (DP=5,4) questões marcadas no grupo lombalgia e 0,0 (DP=0,0) no grupo controle, (p=0,0007). Concluiu-se que indivíduos com lombalgia têm menor flexão lombar e maior incapacidade funcional, fatores que devem ser considerados na avaliação e tratamento fisioterápico destes pacientes.

Lumbar flexion and functional disability in patients with low back pain was investigated. This study was characterized as transverse, and the sample was composed by 100 individuals, of which 50 asymptomatic individuals were the control group, and 50 were the low back pain group, aged between 20 and 65 years and clinical diagnosis of low back pain. Patients that have undergone lumbar surgeries, bearers of rheumatic diseases or disk hernia and fractures were excluded. The sample was submitted to the analysis of the lumbar mobility through Schober test and the evaluation of the functional incapacity was done by Roland-Morris questionnaire. For the statistical analysis, Shapiro Wilk?s test, test ?t? of Student and Mann-Whitney were used. As results the group with low back pain was composed by 38 female individuals (76%) and 12 male individuals (24%) with average age of 38.2 (SD=13.9), and the group control composed by 38 individuals female (76%) and 12 male (24%) with average of age 38.1 (SD=13.6). The lumbar mobility analysis presented Schober index of 4.2 (SD=1.4) for the group with low back pain and 5.5 (SD=1.7) for the control group (p=0.0003). The results of the analysis of functional incapacity through Roland-Morris Questionnaire displayed an average of 10.1 (SD=5.4) subjects in the low back pain group and 0.0 (SD=0.0) in the control group (p=0.0007). It was concluded that individuals with low back pain have lower lumbar mobility and more functional disability, which should be considered in the assessmentand physical therapy treatment of these patients.

Nucleolar organizer regions in Sittasomus griseicapillus and Lepidocolaptes angustirostris (Aves, Dendrocolaptidae): Evidence of a chromosome inversion.

Cytogenetic studies in birds are still scarce compared to other vertebrates. Woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptidae) are part of a highly specialized group within the Suboscines of the New World. They are forest birds exclusive to the Neotropical region and similar to woodpeckers, at a comparable evolutionary stage. This paper describes for the first time the karyotypes of the Olivaceous and the Narrow-billed Woodcreeper using conventional staining with Giemsa and silver nitrate staining of the nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs). Metaphases were obtained by fibular bone marrow culture. The chromosome number of the Olivaceous Woodcreeper was 2n = 82 and of the Narrow-billed Woodcreeper, 2n = 82. Ag-NORs in the largest macrochromosome pair and evidence of a chromosome inversion are described herein for the first time for this group.

Alta similaridade cariotípica na família Emberezidae (Aves: Passeriformes) / High cariotipy similarity at the Emberezidae family (Aves: Passeriformes)

No intuito de contribuir para o conhecimento da citogenética na família Emberizidae, foram amostradas e analisadas oito espécies, empregando a técnica de cultura direta de medula óssea; na região rural pertencente ao município de Porto Nacional-TO. Seis delas, estão sendo descritas pela primeira vez: Dacnis cayana (2n=76), Tangara cayana (2n=78), Charitospiza eucosma (2n=78), Tachyphonus rufus (2n=80), Sporophila leucoptera (2n=80), e Porphyrospiza caerulescens (2n=82). Novos estudos de caracterização cromossômica foram realizados em Ramphocelus carbo (2n=78), e em Ammodramus humeralis (2n=80). Verificaram-se marcações de banda C positiva nas regiões centroméricas nos macrocromossomos, em grande parte dos microcromossomos e no braço curto do cromossomo sexual Z de T. cayana e R. carbo. As regiões organizadoras do nucléolo (NORs) foram identificadas em um par de microcromossomos; em um pequeno macrocromossomo em P. caerulescens e outro par de microcromossomos em T. cayana. Há similaridade cariotípica entre as espécies analisadas da família Emberizidae, visto que os primeiros pares de macrocromossomos apresentaram dominância de cromossomos acrocêntrico entre os quatro primeiros pares e telocêntricos entre os demais macrocromossomos, com exceção de T. rufus que apresentou uma maior predominância de cromossomos telocêntricos entre os seus primeiros pares.

This study is presented with the intention to support and contribute towards the knowledge of cytogenetic and its Emberizidae family. The 8 species have been seen in samples taken from the local rural region of Porto National-TO and cytogenetic analysis using the technique of direct culture of bone marrow. Six of the species are described here firstly the Dacnis cayana (2n=76), Tangara cayana (2n=78), Charitospiza eucosma (2n=78), Tachyphonus rufus (2n=80), Sporophila leucoptera (2n=80), and Porphyrospiza caerulescens (2n=82). New studies have characterize chromosomes were realizations in Ramphocelus carbo (2n=78), and in Ammodramus humeralis (2n=80) In R. carbo and A. humeralis, the diploid number is equal the 78 and 80 respective. The C banding shows positive marks in the centrometric region from the macro chromosome and in the short arm of the sexual chromosome Z of T. cayana e R. carbo. In P. caerulescens the nucleolus organizer regions (Nor’s) were located in a pair of micro chromosomes and in a short macro chromosome and in the pairs of micro chromosomes in T. cayana. It has conspicuous similarity which enters the analyzed species of the Emberizidae family, since the first pairs of macro chromosomes had presented predominance of chromosomes acrocentric between the first four pairs and telocentrics between the too much macro chromosomes, with exception of T. rufus that it presented a bigger predominance of telocentric chromosomes between its first pairs.