One-stage or two-stage elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery and abdominal aortic aneurysm open repair in low and moderate cardiac surgical risk patients.

OBJECTIVES: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are common arterial pathologies that might occur simultaneously; however, there is not enough evidence about the optimal strategy for patients with concomitant indications of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and open repair of the AAA (AAOR). This study aims to present the outcomes in low and moderate cardiac surgical risk patients who underwent one-stage or two-stage elective CABG and AAOR in a middle-income country. METHODS: An observational, retrospective case series study was conducted. Patients who had low and moderate cardiac surgical risk (less than 8% mortality risk on the STS score) and had the concomitant indication for CABG and AAOR between December 2005 and August 2021 were included. Patients were assigned to one of three strategies: Group 1 underwent one-stage surgery for CABG and AAOR, Group 2 underwent two-stage surgery within the same in-patient stay, and Group 3 underwent two-stage surgery in a new in-patient stay within 6 months. RESULTS: Twenty seven, patients with simultaneous requirements of CABG and AAOR were identified, with a mean age of 69.5 ± 6.1 years and 92.6% were male. The most common comorbidities were hypertension at 77.8% and dyslipidemia at 55.6%. The average mortality risk calculated by the STS score was 2.09% ± 1.53%. In Group 1 (n = 9), 1/9 had in-hospital mortality and no reinterventions were needed. In Group 2 (n = 10), 1/10 had in-hospital mortality, and the most common postoperative complication was acute kidney injury 2/10. Furthermore, 2/10 required a reintervention. In Group 3 (n = 8), no in-hospital mortality was present, however, complications such as sepsis, atrial fibrillation, and acute kidney injury occurred in 2/8 patients each, and 2/8 required a reintervention. CONCLUSION: Patients with CAD and AAA that need a concomitant surgical correction with CABG and an AAOR are uncommon in contemporary practice, given the advances in endovascular therapy. When indicated, one-stage surgery can be performed in patients with low cardiac surgical risk, proper patient selection plays a fundamental role and might be performed in experienced centers. However, two-staged surgeries at the same or different inpatient stay may be considered for asymptomatic AAA with close monitoring during the postoperative period. These findings can hold significance for addressing sociodemographic barriers in low and middle-income countries. More robust and extensive studies are needed to make clear comparisons between the different strategies.

Perioperative mortality in Colombia: perspectives of the fourth indicator in The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery - Colombian Surgical Outcomes Study (ColSOS) - a protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Death following surgical procedures is a global health problem, accounting for 4.2 million deaths annually within the first 30 postoperative days. The fourth indicator of The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery is essential as it seeks to standardise postoperative mortality. Consequently, it helps identify the strengths and weaknesses of each country's healthcare system. Accurate information on this indicator is not available in Colombia, limiting the possibility of interventions applied to our population. We aim to describe the in-hospital perioperative mortality of the surgical procedures performed in Colombia. The data obtained will help formulate public policies, improving the quality of the surgical departments. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: An observational, analytical, multicentre prospective cohort study will be conducted throughout Colombia. Patients over 18 years of age who have undergone a surgical procedure, excluding radiological/endoscopic procedures, will be included. A sample size of 1353 patients has been projected to achieve significance in our primary objective; however, convenience sampling will be used, as we aim to include all possible patients. Data collection will be carried out prospectively for 1 week. Follow-up will continue until hospital discharge, death or a maximum of 30 inpatient days. The primary outcome is perioperative mortality. A descriptive analysis of the data will be performed, along with a case mix analysis of mortality by procedure-related, patient-related and hospital-related conditions ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología Ethics Committee approved this study (No. 41-2021). The results are planned to be disseminated in three scenarios: the submission of an article for publication in a high-impact scientific journal and presentations at the Colombian Surgical Forum and the Congress of the American College of Surgeons. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05147623.

Bazo accesorio secundario a trombocitopenia autoinmune primaria refractaria - Un reto diagnóstico / Accessory spleen resection in refractory primary autoimmune thrombocytopenia - a diagnostic challenge

Resumen En la trombocitopenia autoinmune primaria hay formación de autoanticuerpos contra las membranas plaquetarias causando destrucción plaquetaria esplénica y compromiso clínico consistente en petequias, hemorragias y trombocitopenia. Cuando falla el manejo médico con corticoides e inmunoglobulinas está indicada la realización de esplenectomía, que funciona para remisión parcial de la enfermedad persistente. Realizar la esplenectomía hace necesario el estudio de un bazo accesorio o material esplénico recurrente, que comúnmente se asocia con la pobre respuesta a tratamiento y recaídas de la enfermedad. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 27 años y antecedentes de trombocitopenia autoinmune primaria quien requirió esplenectomía, con adecuada evolución postoperatoria y remisión de los síntomas por dos años. Posteriormente, presentó recaída clínica y paraclínica, con plaquetas en 11 000 cel/uL, en contexto de trombocitopenia severa sintomática, presencia de gingivorragia, petequias en los miembros inferiores y el abdomen. Se realizó búsqueda activa de bazo supernumerario por medio de estudios complementarios, los cuales evidenciaron bazo accesorio localizado en el ligamento gastro cólico, que fue resecado por vía laparoscópica, con adecuada respuesta y remisión sintomática de la trombocitopenia autoinmune primaria refractaria. En pacientes esplenectomizados con púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática que tengan recaída de su enfermedad se requiere búsqueda activa de bazos supernumerarios, puesto que es una causa frecuente de su reaparición.

Abstract In primary autoimmune thrombocytopenia there is formation of autoantibodies against the splenic platelet membranes causing platelet destruction with clinical deterioration consisting of petechiae, haemorrhages and thrombocytopenia. When the medical management with corticoids and immunoglobulins fails, it is indicated the accomplishment of splenectomy that works for partial remission of the persistent disease. Performing splenectomy requires the study of an accessory spleen or the recurrent splenic material, that is commonly associated with poor response to treatment and frequent relapses of primary autoimmune thrombocytopenia. A case is presented in a 27-year-old patient with a history of primary autoimmune thrombocytopenia requiring splenectomy, with adequate postoperative evolution and remission of symptoms for two years who later presents clinical and paraclinical relapse with platelets at 11,000 cells/uL in the context of severe symptomatic thrombocytopenia, with the presence of gingivorrhagia, petechiae in the lower limbs and abdomen. Active search of supernumerary spleen was performed by means of complementary studies that showed an accessory spleen located in the gastrocolic ligament, which was resected by laparoscopy with adequate symptomatic remission response of the refractory primary autoimmune thrombocytopenia. In splenectomized patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who have relapsed their disease, they require an active search for supernumerary spleens since it is a frequent cause of their reappearance.