RESUMO
Desde una perspectiva socio-crítica comunitaria, en este estudio visibilizamos las prácticas de resistencia y/o reproducción al sistema educativo neoliberal chileno que se despliegan en un espacio de trabajo colaborativo docente en el área de ciencias. Recurrimos a la etnografía crí-tica, desplegada en las técnicas de observación participante, entrevista semiestructurada y grupo de discusión. Mediante un análisis cualitativo de contenido, se identifican dos ejes para abordar las prácticas desplegadas en el espacio de trabajo colaborativo: prácticas organizativas y prácticas pedagógicas. Los/as docentes identifican que el sistema educativo que contextuali-za su trabajo impide que las prácticas colaborativas se expresen y predominen en el espacio, dado que sus demandas evaluativas los oprimen, distanciándolos de las actividades que se ges-tan en el espacio colaborativo. Concluimos que las prácticas de reproducción y resistencia co-existen en el devenir del grupo, instaurándose como una dicotomía aparente que los obliga a reproducir para resistir. (AU)
From a social-critical community perspective, in this study, we make visible the practices of resistance and/or reproduction to the Chilean neoliberal educational system that are deployed in a collaborative workspace for teachers in science. We resorted tocritical ethnography, de-ployed in the techniques of: participant observation, semi-structured interview and discussion group. Through a qualitative analysis of content, two axes are identified to address the prac-tices deployed in the collaborative workspace: organizational practices and pedagogical prac-tices. Teachers identify that the educational system that contextualizes their work prevents collaborative practices from being expressed and predominant in the space, given that their evaluative demands oppress them, distancing them from the activities that are developed in the collaborative space. We conclude that the practices of reproduction and resistance coexist in the groups evolution, establishing themselves as an apparent dichotomy that forces them to reproduce in order to resist. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação/tendências , Docentes , Práticas Interdisciplinares , Comportamento CooperativoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Regional variations in gastric cancer incidence are not explained by prevalence of Helicobacter pylori, the main cause of the disease, with several areas presenting high H. pylori prevalence but low gastric cancer incidence. The IARC worldwide H. pylori prevalence surveys (ENIGMA) aim at systematically describing age and sex-specific prevalence of H. pylori infection around the world and generating hypotheses to explain regional variations in gastric cancer risk. METHODS: We selected age- and sex-stratified population samples in two areas with different gastric cancer incidence and mortality in Chile: Antofagasta (lower rate) and Valdivia (higher rate). Participants were 1-69 years old and provided interviews and blood for anti-H. pylori antibodies (IgG, VacA, CagA, others) and atrophy biomarkers (pepsinogens). RESULTS: H. pylori seroprevalence (Age-standardized to world population) and antibodies against CagA and VacA were similar in both sites. H. pylori seroprevalence was 20% among children <10 years old, 40% among 10-19 year olds, 60% in the 20-29 year olds and close to or above 80% in those 30+ years. The comparison of the prevalence of known and potential H. pylori cofactors in gastric carcinogenesis between the high and the low risk area showed that consumption of chili products was significantly higher in Valdivia and daily non-green vegetable consumption was more common in Antofagasta. Pepsinogen levels suggestive of gastric atrophy were significantly more common and occurred at earlier ages in Valdivia, the higher risk area. In a multivariate model combining both study sites, age, chili consumption and CagA were the main risk factors for gastric atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of H. pylori infection and its virulence factors was similar in the high and the low risk area, but atrophy was more common and occurred at younger ages in the higher risk area. Dietary factors could partly explain higher rates of atrophy and gastric cancer in Valdivia. IMPACT: The ENIGMA study in Chile contributes to better understanding regional variations in gastric cancer incidence and provides essential information for public health interventions.
