Botulinum neurotoxin type A inhibits synaptic vesicle 2 expression in breast cancer cell lines.

AIM: It is known that botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) improves some kinds of cancer (e.g. prostate) and that synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) is the molecular target of this neurotoxin. Besides having potential therapeutic value, this glycoprotein has recently been proposed as a molecular marker for several types of cancer. Although the mechanisms of cancer development and the improvement found with botulinum treatment are not well understood, the formation of the botulinum-SV2 complex may influence the presence and distribution of SV2 and the function of vesicles. To date, there are no reports on the possible effect of botulinum on breast cancer of unknown causes, which have a great impact on women's health. Thus we determined the presence of SV2 in three breast cancer cell lines and the alterations found with botulinum application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With and without adding 10 units of botulinum, SV2 protein expression was determined by optical densitometry in T47D, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cell lines and the distribution of SV2 was observed with immunochemistry (hematoxylin staining). RESULTS: The SV2 protein was abundant in the cancer cells herein tested, and maximally so in T47D. In all three cancer cell lines botulinum diminished SV2 expression, which was found mostly in the cell periphery. CONCLUSION: SV2 could be a molecular marker in breast cancer. Its expression and distribution is regulated by botulinum, suggesting an interesting control mechanism for SV2 expression and a possible alternative therapy. Further studies are needed in this sense.

[Laparoscopic management of ovarian borderline tumors]. / Manejo laparoscópico del tumor ovárico limítrofe (borderline). Análisis de la literatura y presentación de un caso.

The objective of this communication is to present a patient case with ovarian borderline tumor. The conservative management for laparoscopy, and we performed an analysis of the mundial literature in which respect to the conservative and laparoscopy management, in spite of the laparoscopy management are of controversy.

[Vaginal evisceration. Report of a case and review of the literature]. / Evisceración vaginal. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

A case report of small bowel penetration through the cult the sac in a 23 year old female patient is presented and the management is discussed, with review of the world literature.

[Cornual pregnancy. Its laparoscopic management and a case report]. / Embarazo cornual. Manejo laparoscópico y presentación de un caso.

A case of cornual pregnancy is presented, the clinic evolution and the laparoscopic resolution are mentioned, and the world literature revision was done given special attention to the laparoscopic resolution. Finally, a comment about a laparoscopic technique.