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1.
J Environ Manage ; 261: 109907, 2020 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32148249

RESUMO

The Mediterranean aquaculture has been developed mostly in brackish environment in inactive coastal salt production areas. This study aims to utilise Technosols made with aquaculture sediments for Limonium algarvense Erben cultivation. This species that has nutraceutical potential thrives in halophilic environments in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula and in Morocco. A microcosm assay was set up with plants grown in bottom sediments (C+), commercial substrate (C-), and Technosols with amendments mixture application at 180 g/kg (Tec180) or at 360 g/kg (Tec360). These plants were irrigated with saline (assay 1) and/or with deionised water (assay 2). The bottom pond sediments, coffee wastes and the estuarine water were evaluated for diverse physicochemical parameters. Plant growth was characterised through a combined methodology using morphometric, SEM and physiological analysis. The Technosols were constructed with bottom sediments and a mixture of organic wastes used as amendments. Results revealed that the bottom sediments had low pH 3.2, Corg and extractable P and K contents, and high electroconductivity (EC) and N-NH4 concentration. The estuarine water had a neutral pH, high EC and high Cl-, HCO3-, Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ but low N-NO3- content. The Technosols showed a significant increase of pH, Corg, K and P and a decrease in N-NH4 and EC in comparison with sediments. Principal component analysis separated the different experiments in three groups: C-, A1 and A2 assays. The C- was highly correlated with Corg, P, K, N-NO3 parameters and total ascorbate. The A1 assay showed a strong association with Na, Ca and EC parameters, whereas the A2 assay presented a strongly correlation with plant growth. Plants from Technosols had greater development when irrigated with deionised water than under salty irrigation as opposed to plants cultivated in unamend sediments. In conclusion, these results support that highly saline sediments could be valorised through Technosols construction to cultivate plants with saline water, with potential application in the agro-food and pharmaceutical industry.


Assuntos
Lagoas , Plantas Tolerantes a Sal , Aquicultura , Sedimentos Geológicos , Marrocos , Águas Salinas
2.
Ann Bot ; 115(3): 369-83, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25261345

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Limonium is a well-known example of a group of plants that is taxonomically complex due to certain biological characteristics that hamper species' delineation. The closely related polyploid species Limonium vulgare Mill., L. humile Mill. and L. narbonense Mill. are defined species and can be used for studying patterns of morphological and reproductive variation. The first two taxa are usually found in Atlantic Europe and the third in the Mediterranean region, but a number of intermediate morphological forms may be present alongside typical examples of these species. This study attempts to elucidate morphological, floral and karyological diversity representative of these taxa in the Iberian Peninsula. METHODS: The extent of morphological differentiation was tested through comparison of 197 specimens from both Portugal and Spain using 17 descriptive morphological characters and 19 diagnostic morphometric characters. Analyses of floral morphisms (heterostyly and pollen-stigma dimorphism) and karyological determinations were also conducted. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Discriminant analysis using morphometric variables reliably assigned individuals in natural populations to their respective groups. In addition, the results provide the first direct evidence that L. narbonense and a new species, LIMONIUM MARITIMUM: Caperta, Cortinhas, Paes, Guara, Espírito-Santo and Erben, SP NOV: , related to L. vulgare are present on Portuguese coasts. Most of these species are found together in mixed populations, especially L. vulgare and L. narbonense. It is hypothesized that taxonomic biodiversity found in sites where distinct species co-occur facilitates the evolutionary processes of hybridization, introgression and apomixis. This study therefore contributes to the elucidation of the taxonomic diversity in L. vulgare-related species and may also help in implementing future conservation programmes to maintain the evolutionary processes generating biodiversity.


Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Evolução Biológica , Plumbaginaceae/classificação , Variação Genética , Filogenia , Plumbaginaceae/anatomia & histologia , Plumbaginaceae/genética , Plumbaginaceae/fisiologia , Portugal , Reprodução , Plantas Tolerantes a Sal/anatomia & histologia , Plantas Tolerantes a Sal/classificação , Plantas Tolerantes a Sal/genética , Plantas Tolerantes a Sal/fisiologia , Espanha
3.
BMC Plant Biol ; 13: 205, 2013 Dec 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24314092

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The genus Limonium Miller comprises annual and perennial halophytes that can produce sexual and/or asexual seeds (apomixis). Genetic and epigenetic (DNA methylation) variation patterns were investigated in populations of three phenotypically similar putative sexual diploid species (L. nydeggeri, L. ovalifolium, L. lanceolatum), one sexual tetraploid species (L. vulgare) and two apomict tetraploid species thought to be related (L. dodartii, L. multiflorum). The extent of morphological differentiation between these species was assessed using ten diagnostic morphometric characters. RESULTS: A discriminant analysis using the morphometric variables reliably assigns individuals into their respective species groups. We found that only modest genetic and epigenetic differentiation was revealed between species by Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism (MSAP). However, whilst there was little separation possible between ploidy levels on the basis of genetic profiles, there was clear and pronounced interploidy discrimination on the basis of epigenetic profiles. Here we investigate the relative contribution of genetic and epigenetic factors in explaining the complex phenotypic variability seen in problematic taxonomic groups such as Limonium that operate both apomixis and sexual modes of reproduction. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that epigenetic variation might be one of the drivers of the phenotypic divergence between diploid and tetraploid taxa and discuss that intergenome silencing offers a plausible mechanistic explanation for the observed phenotypic divergence between these microspecies. These results also suggest that epigenetic profiling offer an additional tool to infer ploidy level in stored specimens and that stable epigenetic change may play an important role in apomict evolution and species recognition.


Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Diploide , Ecossistema , Epigênese Genética , Plumbaginaceae/anatomia & histologia , Plumbaginaceae/genética , Tetraploidia , Metilação de DNA/genética , Análise Discriminante , Geografia , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo Genético , Portugal , Análise de Componente Principal , Água do Mar , Especificidade da Espécie
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