Demographic, Etiological, and Clinical Characteristics of Eyelid Lacerations.

Objectives: To evaluate the demographic, etiological, and accompanying clinical factors in eyelid lacerations (EL). Materials and Methods: The records of patients who presented to our clinic between 2018 and 2022 with eyelid trauma were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, cause of injury, clinical findings, accompanying ocular findings, and additional complications were analyzed. Results: The study included 135 patients (106 male, 29 female) with a mean age of 37.0±18.6 years. Among the patients, 29 (21.4%) were 18 years old or younger, 93 (68.8%) were between 19 and 64 years old, and 13 (9.6%) were 65 years old or older. EL were most caused by various sharp objects in 44 patients (33%), blunt trauma in 40 patients (30%), falls in 30 patients (22%), and traffic accidents in 21 patients (15%). Fifteen eyes (11.1%) had foreign bodies at the wound site. Thirty patients (22.2%) (20 lower eyelid, 10 upper eyelid) had accompanying canalicular lacerations. Twenty-three (17%) patients had accompanying conjunctival lacerations, 14 (10.3%) had open-globe injury, 10 (7.4%) had corneal epithelial defects, 9 (6.6%) had intravitreal hemorrhage, 6 (4.4%) had hyphema, and 5 (3.7%) had retinal detachment. Four patients had lid notching and 1 patient (0.7%) had ectropion. Five patients (3.7%) required suturing. No additional complications were observed. Conclusion: EL are more commonly seen in young adulthood and in males. The most common mechanism of injury is impact by various objects. Eyelash margin and canalicular lacerations frequently accompany these injuries. Serious ocular pathologies such as hyphema and open-globe injury can accompany eyelid trauma.

A new method of arterial stiffness measurement in pseudoexfoliation syndrome: cardio-ankle vascular index.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether pseudoexfoliation syndrome affects arterial stiffness by using cardio-ankle vascular index measurement. METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study included 55 patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and 106 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic exa mination of both eyes and cardio-ankle vascular index measu rements. Echocardiographic and body mass index measurements were performed in all patients, and the results were recorded. A binary regression model was used to determine the relationship between cardio-ankle vascular index and pseudoexfoliation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the pseudoexfoliation and control groups in baseline clinical and demographic characteristics, echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction, and body mass index. The mean cardio-ankle vascular index value was significantly higher in the pseudoexfoliation group than in the controls (9.47 ± 1.23 vs. 8.33 ± 1.50, p<0.001). Intraocular pressure was significantly higher in the pseudoexfoliation group than in the controls (18.31 ± 1.78 vs. 15.24 ± 2.42 mm Hg, p<0.05). Although the logistic regression analysis showed that mean cardio-ankle vascular index and IOP values were positively associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (Odds ratios (OR) = 1.973, 95% CI, 1.051-3.706, p=0.035; OR=3.322, 95% CI = 2.000-5.520, p<0.001, respectively), the Pearson correlation analysis revealed a borderline significant positive correlation between age and mean cardio-ankle vascular index and a significant positive correlation between dyslipidemia and intraocular pressure and mean cardio-ankle vascular index (r=0.265, p=0.050; r=0.337, p=0.012; r=0.433, p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated that cardio-ankle vascular index values increased in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

Evaluation of oxidative events and copper accumulation in oral tissues of patients with Wilson's disease: three case report.

Wilson's disease (WD), also known as hepatolenticular degeneration, was first described in 1912 by Kinnear Wilson. It is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, a membrane-bound copper transporting ATPase. The disorder is caused by impairment of the copper transporting ATPase, ATP7B, in the liver, which disturbs copper transport, excretion into the bile, and incorporation into apoceruloplasmin. WD is an inherited copper metabolism disorder with pathological copper accumulation in many tissues, but especially in brain and liver. We conducted this study because copper accumulation in oral tissues in patients with WD have not been studied before. We think that copper accumulation and differences of oxidative events in oral tissues can cause tendency to periodontal diseases.

Effects of continuous and intermittent magnetic fields on oxidative parameters in vivo.

Continuous and intermittent 50 Hz, 1.5 mT magnetic field with the exposure period of 4 h/day for 4 days was used to investigate its possible effect on adult guinea pigs. Tissues and plasma specimens were assessed by biochemical parameters. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) levels and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were examined in plasma, liver and brain tissues. All parameters were determined by spectrophotometer. While intermittent magnetic field was effective on plasma lipid peroxidation, continuous magnetic field was found to be effective on plasma MPO activity and NO levels. Augmentation of lipid peroxidation was also observed in liver tissue both intermittent and continuous magnetic field exposures. These results indicate that both the intermittent and continuous magnetic field exposures affect various tissues in a distinct manner because of having different tissue antioxidant status and responses.

Effects of various extremely low frequency magnetic fields on the free radical processes, natural antioxidant system and respiratory burst system activities in the heart and liver tissues.

Magnetic fields (MFs) can affect biological systems by increasing the release of free radicals that are able to alter cell defense systems and breakdown tissue homeostasis. In the present study, the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) were investigated on free radical levels, natural antioxidant systems and respiratory burst system activities in heart and liver tissues of guinea pigs exposed to 50 Hz MFs of 1, 2 and 3 mT for 4 h/day and 8 h/day for 5 days by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. A total of sixty-two male guinea pigs, 10-12 weeks old were studied in seven groups as control and exposure groups: Group I (control), II (1 mT, 4 h/day), III (1 mT, 8 h/day), IV (2 mT, 4 h/day), V (2 mT, 8 h/day), VI (3 mT, 4 h/day), and VII (3 mT, 8 h/day). Controls were kept under the same conditions without any exposure to MF. MDA levels increased in liver in groups II and IV, but decreased in group VII for both liver and heart tissues. NOx levels declined in heart in groups II and III and in liver in groups III, V, and VI, but increased in liver in group VII. GSH levels increased in heart in groups II, IV, V, and in liver in groups V and VI and VI, but decreased in groups II and IV in liver. MPO activity decreased in liver in groups III, IV, VI and VII with respect to controls and in heart tissues in groups II, III and IV; however, there was a significant increase MPO activity in heart in group VII. From the results, it can be concluded that the intensity and exposure duration of MFs are among the effective conditions on the formation of free radicals and behaviour of antioxidant enzymes.

Relations between concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine and neopterin as potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in haemodialysis-treated patients.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correlation between concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and neopterin (NP) as potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in chronic renal failure patients. METHOD: In this study, 33 patients with renal failure before and after haemodialysis were compared with healthy control subjects. Serum ADMA and NP levels were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: When ADMA and NP concentrations in renal failure patients were compared before and after dialysis, before dialysis ADMA and NP concentrations were higher than those in the control group. However, ADMA and NP levels showed a falling mean and clear after dialysis. While there is no correlation between ADMA and NP levels before dialysis, there is a mean and positive correlation between ADMA and NP levels after dialysis. CONCLUSION: Potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases include high concentrations of both ADMA and NP levels in chronic renal failure patients. A correlation mean between ADMA and NP levels after dialysis was found, but no correlation between ADMA and NP levels before haemodialysis was discovered. These can be evaluated as two different risk factors independent from each other.

Effects of epidermal growth factor on lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels in oral mucosal ulcer healing: a time-course study.

PURPOSE: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been used as a vulnerary agent. Epidermal growth factor accelerates wound healing. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered to be an important factor which is involved in wound healing. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of interactions between exogenous EGF and NOx which may have either similar or quite opposed properties in the process of oral wound repair on different days. In addition, lipid peroxidation was found to be an indicator of free radical damage. METHODS: Five-month-old New Zealand albino male rabbits were used for this study. A surgical incision was made in the right mandibula diestema region of the rabbits, which were then divided into controls and EGF implanted groups. All parameters were analyzed by spectrophotometry. RESULTS: In the EGF-implanted groups, both the NOx and lipid peroxidation indicator levels significantly decreased in comparison to those of the control groups on the first day after wounding. However, on the 3rd and 5th days after wounding, the NOx levels of the tissue strips also decreased in both modalities, but there was no significant alteration between the 3rd and 5th day after wounding. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that EGF affects oral wound healing by downregulating both the lipid peroxidation and NOx levels, and it may thus be considered to be an oxygen radical scavenger.

The effects of ascorbic acid on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats.

PURPOSE: Epileptic seizure results from excessive discharge in a population of hyperexcitable neurons. A number of studies help to document the effects of active oxygen free radical scavengers such as alpha-tocopherol or ascorbic acid (vitamin C). In the present study, we examined the effects of ascorbic acid, at the six different doses, on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. METHODS: A single microinjection of penicillin (2.5 microl, 500 units, intracortically) into the left sensorimotor cortex induced epileptiform activity within 2-5 min, progressing to full seizure activity lasting approximately 3-5 h. In the first set of experiments, 30 min after penicillin injection, six different doses of ascorbic acid (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally (IP). The other group of animals received the effective dose of ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg, IP) for 7 days. Ascorbic acid administration was stopped 24 h before penicillin treatment. Another group of rats received the effective dose of ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg, IP) 30 min before penicillin treatment. In the second set of experiments, the lipid peroxidation (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels of brain were measured in the control, control + ascorbic acid, penicillin, and penicillin + ascorbic acid groups. RESULTS: Ascorbic acid, at the low dose (50, 100 mg/kg, 30 min after penicillin injection), decreased both the frequency and amplitude of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats. Ascorbic acid, at intermediate doses (200, 400 mg/kg, 30 min after penicillin injection), decreased the frequency of epileptiform activity without changing the amplitude. Ascorbic acid, at the lowest dose (25 mg/kg) and highest dose (800 mg/kg) (30 min after penicillin injection), did not change either the frequency or amplitude of epileptiform activity. Ascorbic acid, at the low dose (100 mg/kg) was the most effective dose in changing the frequency and amplitude of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Pretreatment with ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) 30 min before penicillin treatment caused a significant delay in the onset of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Pretreatment with ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) for 7 days did not change the latency of epileptiform activity. The most effective dose of ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) prevented both the decrease in GSH level and the increase in lipid peroxidation level (MDA) occurring after penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that ascorbic acid has neuroprotective activity against penicillin-induced epileptiform electrocorticogram activity.

[The investigation of antibody presence in the sera of patients with a suspicion of cystic echinococcosis by using indirect hemaglutination test (IHA)]. / Indirekt hemaglütinasyon testi (IHA) yöntemi ile kistik ekinokkokoz süpheli hastalarin serumlarinda antikor varliginin arastirilmasi

Today, cystic echinococosis (CE) is one of the most prevalent and spreading public health problem all over the world. It has been known that CE cause substantial economic losses at all over the world such as in Turkey. In this study, 85 patients who presented with a suspicion of CE to the serology laboratory of the Clinic Microbiology Department of the SSK Ankara Education Hospital between February 1996 and July 1997 were evaluated. The specific anti Echinococcus granulosus antibodies in the serum samples of patients were examined by a commercial indirect hemaglutination (IHA) test. Forty-six ((54.1%) of the serum which obtained from 85 patients were determined as seropositive. The seropositive ratio of IHA test was found as a 78.3%. The obtained values from data were compared with CE presence of the patients and found to be 100% parallel to 1/2560 titers. In this study, we concluded that IHA test is very confidential and important in the serological diagnosis of CE.

The effect of repeated tryptophan administration on body weight, food intake, brain lipid peroxidation and serotonin immunoreactivity in mice.

Tryptophan as a circulating precursor of serotonin (5-HT) may suppress food intake and body weight. Tryptophan administration can enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inducing oxidative pathway in vivo and in vitro. We have examined the effect of repeated tryptophan administration on food consumption, body weight, brain lipid peroxidation and 5-HT immunoreactivity. Tryptophan was given at the dose of 100 mg/kg/24 hr in 0.2 ml saline solution i.p. for 7 days to mice. Control mice received 0.9% NaCL solution at the same manner and volume. Body weights were recorded at the beginning and end of the experiments. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), the last product of lipid peroxidation, was measured spectrophotometrically. Brain 5-HT levels were determined by the immunohistochemical method. Our findings indicate that the tryptophan suppresses food intake significantly in mice. Body weight decreased and brain TBARS levels increased significantly by repeated tryptophan treatment. Immunohistochemical detection showed that 5-HT levels increased by tryptophan administration. There is a link between increased 5-HT level and oxidative stress by tryptophan administration on brain tissue. Tryptophan at repeated doses should be exercised carefully in clinical practice.

The effects of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant content in the brains of chronically exercised rats.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether vitamin C supplementation during chronic exercise training alters rat brain antioxidant content. Female Wistar albino rats were exercised on a treadmill for 30 min/day for 6.5 weeks and were administered daily intraperitoneal injections of vitamin C (20 mg/kg). After the training period, chronically exercised rats showed no significant changes in total brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. In contrast, rats supplemented with vitamin C during the training period showed significantly elevated brain TBARS levels. If such results were extrapolated to man, where vitamin supplementation is a common practice, this would indicate that vitamin C supplementation may not protect brain tissue against exercise-induced oxidative damage, in such circumstances, this water-soluble antioxidant behaves as a pro-oxidant.

The effect of L-NAME administrations after oral mucosal incision on wound NO level in rabbit.

The aim of the current study was to comparatively investigate the effect of inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an isoform non-specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), after oral mucosal incision on wound tissue NO levels. A standard incision was applied to the oral mucosa of rabbits. After oral mucosal incision, rabbits were divided into five groups as follows: (1) Untreated incisional group (control); (2) Titanium (Ti) implanted group; (3) Ti + Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 implanted group; (4) Ti + PEG 4000 + L-NAME (2 x 10(-4) M) implanted group and (5) i.p. L-NAME administrated group (10 mg/kg). At 5 days after oral incision operations, wound tissue strips and plasma were obtained from rabbits. Oral wound tissue and plasma nitric oxide, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total sulfhydryl group (RSH) levels were investigated. Plasma TBARS and NOx levels decreased after i.p. L-NAME administration. Total RSH group levels were not changed in all groups (p>0.05). This means that L-NAME inhibits the deteriorating effects of free radicals without affecting healing. L-NAME in PEG and titanium also has no effect on tissue and plasma NOx levels. These findings indicate that NO generation will not be affected both Ti and local nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor.