RESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: Lepidium meyenii Walp. (maca) has been traditionally used for centuries in the Central Andes region both as food and as medicine. In the last decades, its fertility enhancer properties have gained importance, with the majority of the scientific literature related to this topic. However, other traditional uses are less known as metabolic or infectious diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-infectious activity of L. meyenii, specifically in HIV-1 infection. There are previous reports of the transcriptional related activity of L. meyenii extracts in human T lymphocytes via transcription factors as NF-κB. Since T lymphocytes are the main target of HIV-1 infection and NF-κB is strongly involved in HIV-1 transcription, L. meyenii could display antiviral activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Chromatography and spectroscopy techniques were used to isolate and identify the compounds in the active extracts. An antiviral assay system based on recombinant viruses was used to evaluate the anti-HIV activity. Cell toxicity was tested for all the extracts and compounds. Viral entry was studied using VSV-HIV chimera viruses and reverse transcription and viral integration were studied by qPCR of viral DNA in infected cells. Finally, viral transcription was studied in primary lymphocytes transfected with HIV-1 or NF-κB luciferase reporter plasmids. RESULTS: n-Hexane extracts of purple maca displayed anti-HIV activity in an in vitro assay. A bioassay-guided fractionation led to the identification of three thiadiazole alkaloids with antiviral activity. All the compounds were able to inhibit HIV infection of MT-2 cell lines and primary lymphocytes (PBMCs) with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. The mechanism of action differs between the three compounds: one of them showed activity on viral entry, and all the three compounds inhibited viral integration at low concentrations. Remarkably, none of the compounds inhibited reverse transcription or viral transcription. CONCLUSIONS: n-Hexane extracts of the purple ecotype of L. meyenii inhibit HIV-1 infection in vitro and three active thiadiazole alkaloids were isolated acting mainly on viral integration and viral entry.
RESUMO
La encefalitis autoinmune es un cuadro con una expresión neuropsiquiátrica especialmente en pediatría, aunque existen diversas opciones de tratamiento, otras alternativas terapéuticas se relacionan con procedimientos que pueden tener un mayor beneficio para el paciente, como es la plasmaféresis. Este procedimiento, representa una de las terapias de primera línea en este padecimiento. Hace poco se cuenta con la disponibilidad de estos equipos, motivo por el cual describimos este primer procedimiento en pediatría a nivel Bolivia describiendo el manejo en un paciente con encefalitis autoinmune.
Autoimmune encephalitis is a condition with a neuropsychiatric expression, especially in pediatrics, although there are various treatment options, other therapeutic alternatives are related to procedures that may have a greater benefit for the patient, such as plasmapheresis. This procedure represents one of the first line therapies in this condition. This equipment has recently become available, which is why we describe this first procedure in pediatrics at the Bolivian level, describing the management of a patient with autoimmune encephalitis.
Assuntos
Terapêutica , Encefalite , Pediatria , PlasmafereseRESUMO
Presentamos el caso clínico de un escolar de 6 años y 3 meses con hepatoblastoma y que se manifestó como un abdomen agudo quirúrgico, que es una presentación poco frecuente dentro de la incidencia de este tumor.
We present the clinical case of a school for 6 years and 3 months with hepatoblastoma and which manifested itself as a surgical acute abdomen, which is a rare presentation within the incidence of this tumor.
