Breeding in bread-making wheat varieties for Mediterranean climate: the need to get resilient varieties.

Introduction: Being one of the "big three" most cultivated cereals in the world, wheat plays a crucial role in ensuring global food/nutrition security, supplying close to 20% of the global needs for calories and proteins. However, the increasingly large fluctuations between years in temperatures and precipitation due to climate change cause important variations in wheat production worldwide. This fact makes wheat breeding programs a tool that, far from going out of fashion, is becoming the most important solution to develop varieties that can provide humanity with the sufficient amount of food it demands without forgetting the objective of quality. Material and methods: The National Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Research in Portugal has carried out a long-term experiment (9 years) in different locations to test four different bread-making wheat cultivars, each representing important variations in germplasm. Wheat yield and quality traits obtained by official methods were recorded in 18 different environments regarding temperature and precipitation. Results and discussion: According to the ANOVA and PCA, protein content, wet gluten, dough tenacity, and extensibility were found to be highly affected by the environment. Paiva cultivar presented a higher yield in almost all the tested environments, but its quality traits varied enormously. Contrary behavior was recorded for Valbona cultivar. Antequera cultivar, with a production ranging between 4.7 and 9.3 tons/ha and a protein content between 11 and 16.8%, seems to be the most resilient cultivar regarding both productivity and quality of the flour with reference to changes in the main climate traits. The most ancient cultivar, Roxo, released in 1996, showed the worst results in this experiment, supporting the need to continue working in wheat breeding to meet the unavoidable changes in the environment.

Fistula pancreato pleural: relato de caso / Pancreatic-pleural fistula: a case report

Os autores apresentam um caso de derrame pleural de origem pancreática com corrência de fístula, em um homem de 42 anos com queixa exclusivamente reespiratória (dispnéia) e 20 dias de duraçäo dos sintomas. O diagnóstico foi firmado pela dosagem de amilase no líquido pleural e a localizaçäo foi determinada por fistulografia com injeçäo de contraste na cavidade torácica. O paciente em questäo foi submetido a tratamento clínico, com drenagem gástrica contínua, suporte nutricional parenteral, acetazolamida, e atropina, toracocenteses repetidas, drenagem torácica em selo d'água e, finalmente, correçäo cirúrgica da fístula. Após a cirurgia, o paciente manteve-se sem sintomas, assim permanecendo durante seis meses de seguimento, quando abandonou o acompanhemanto ambulatorial. A partir do caso relatado, tecem ainda comentários sobre a confirmaçäo e localizaçäo das fístulas por meio de exames por imagem, além de fazerem um apanhado sobre a ocorrência de derrames pleurais associados a doença pancreática e seu diagnóstico