Correlation between fluoride release, surface hardness and diametral tensile strength of restorative glass ionomer cements.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between fluoride release, surface hardness, and diametral tensile strength of restorative glass ionomer cements (GICs). Material and Methods: Conventional (Riva Self Cure) and resin-modified (Riva Light Cure) GICs were used. Thirty-four samples (ø 6 x 3 mm) were prepared for each cement. The kinetics of fluoride release (n=4) was evaluated over 28 days using a fluoride-selective electrode (ISE 4010-C00). The analysis of surface hardness (n=10) was performed using a microhardness tester (Shimadzu HMV-2000, Japan) with a Knoop indenter and a load of 25 gf for 30 seconds. The diametral tensile strength test (n=10) was conducted on a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.75 mm/min. Fluoride release data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test, while independent t-test was used for other analyses (α=0.05). Results: Overall, the groups showed higher fluoride release until day 7 and a progressive decrease until day 28. On day 1 and day 21, Riva Self Cure showed a higher level of release than Riva Light Cure (p=0.026). Riva Light Cure showed higher diametral tensile strength (p<0.0001) and surface hardness (p=0.034) than Riva Self Cure. A negative correlation was found, indicating that higher fluoride release is associated with lower surface hardness and diametral tensile strength. Conclusion: Fluoride release and mechanical performance are related properties of GICs, and these properties exhibit different values depending on the type of material. Resin-modified GIC release less fluoride but exhibit better mechanical performance compared to conventional GIC. Key words:Diametral Tensile Strength, Fluoride, Glass Ionomer Cement, Surface Hardness.

Evaluation of Photoelectrocatalysis with Electrode Based on Ti/RuO2-TiO2 Modified with Tin and Tantalum Oxides for the Degradation of Indigo Blue Dye.

Indigo Blue (IB) is a dye widely used by the textile sector for dyeing cellulose cotton fibers and jeans, being considered a recalcitrant substance, and therefore resistant to traditional treatments. Several methodologies are reported in the literature for the removal or degradation of dyes from the aqueous medium, among which photoelectrocatalysis stands out, which presents promising results in the degradation of dyes when a dimensionally stable anode (DSA) is used as a photoanode. In the present work, we sought to investigate the efficiency of a Ti/RuO2-TiO2 DSA modified with tin and tantalum for the degradation of Indigo Blue dye by photoelectrocatalysis. For this, electrodes were prepared by the thermal decomposition method and then a physical-chemical and electrochemical analysis of the material was carried out. The composition Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2Ta2O5 (30:40:10:20) was compared to Ti/RuO2-TiO2 (30:70) in the photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis tests. The photocatalysis was able to degrade only 63% of the IB at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 in 3 h, whereas the electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis were able to degrade 100% of the IB at the same initial concentration in 65 and 60 min, respectively.

A formação acadêmica do fisioterapeuta para sua atuação na gestão em saúde / The academic formation of physiotherapist for the performance in health management

INTRODUÇÃO: A formação do profissional fisioterapeuta declara em suas diretrizes a necessidade de preparar o egresso para desempenhar funções de gestor. Entretanto, não define com clareza qual a natureza dessa atuação, tampouco prescreve ou recomenda componentes curriculares para tanto. OBJETIVO: Verificar nos cursos de fisioterapia mais bem colocados segundo índices oficiais de desempenho quais abordagens eram utilizadas para essa demanda. MÉTODOS: Por meio da análise de ementas e currículos dos dez melhores cursos de fisioterapia segundo o Índice Geral de Cursos (IGC), foi feito um levantamento das iniciativas declaradas em documentos oficiais que atendessem às demandas das Diretrizes Curriculares para fisioterapia. RESULTADOS: Mostraram que apesar da clara indicação nas diretrizes, não existe de forma organizada e sistematizada o assunto "gestão" em disciplinas, módulos ou unidades didáticas. CONCLUSÃO: Tal fato revela o descompasso entre o declarado em documentos oficiais e o que é praticado em cursos considerados modelo segundo o IGC.

INTRODUCTION: The physiotherapist formation guidelines state the need to prepare the graduate to perform manager duties. However not clearly define the nature of these activities, either prescribed or recommended curriculum components for both. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate top ten best rated physiotherapy courses according to official indices of performance and which approaches were used for this demand. METHODS: Through course data analysis and resumes of the top ten physiotherapy courses according tothe General Index of Courses (IGC), a survey of the initiatives stated in official documents that met the demands of Curriculum Guidelines for physical therapy was done. RESULTS: Showed that despite the clear statement in the guidelines, there is not an organized and systematic manner the subject "management" courses, modules or teaching units are dealt with. CONCLUSION: This fact reveals the disconnect between official documentsstatements and what is practiced in courses considered model by the IGC.

Electrochemical oxidation of synthetic tannery wastewater in chloride-free aqueous media.

The electrochemical treatment of a synthetic tannery wastewater, prepared with several compounds used by finishing tanneries, was studied in chloride-free media. Boron-doped diamond (Si/BDD), antimony-doped tin dioxide (Ti/SnO(2)-Sb), and iridium-antimony-doped tin dioxide (Ti/SnO(2)-Sb-Ir) were evaluated as anode. The influence of pH and current density on the treatment was assessed by means of the parameters used to measure the level of organic contaminants in the wastewater; i.e., total phenols, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and absorbance. Results showed that faster decrease in these parameters occurred when the Si/BDD anode was used. Good results were obtained with the Ti/SnO(2)-Sb anode, but its complete deactivation was reached after 4h of electrolysis at 25 mA cm(-2), indicating that the service life of this electrode is short. The Ti/SnO(2)-Sb-Ir anode is chemically and electrochemically more stable than the Ti/SnO(2)-Sb anode, but it is not suitable for the electrochemical treatment under the studied conditions. No significant changes were observed for electrolyses performed at different pH conditions with Si/BDD, and this electrode led to almost complete mineralization after 4h of electrolysis at 100 mA cm(-2). The increase in current density resulted in faster wastewater oxidation, with lower current efficiency and higher energy consumption. Si/BBD proved to be the best electrodic material for the direct electrooxidation of tannery wastewaters.

Electrochemical treatment of tannery wastewater using DSA electrodes.

In this work we studied the electrochemical treatment of a tannery wastewater using dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) containing tin, iridium, ruthenium, and titanium. The electrodes were prepared by thermal decomposition of the polymeric precursors. The electrolyses were performed under galvanostatic conditions, at room temperature. Effects of the oxide composition, current density, and effluent conductivity were investigated, and the current efficiency was calculated as a function of the time for the performed electrolyses. Results showed that all the studied electrodes led to a decrease in the content of both total phenolic compounds and total organic carbon (TOC), as well as lower absorbance in the UV-vis region. Toxicity tests using Daphnia similis demonstrated that the electrochemical treatment reduced the wastewater toxicity. The use of DSA type electrodes in the electrochemical treatment of tannery wastewater proved to be useful since it can promote a decrease in total phenolic compounds, TOC, absorbance, and toxicity.