Morin exhibits leukemic cellular apoptosis through caspase pathway.

The present study investigated the possibility of apoptosis-inducing activity in human leukemia U-937 and THP-1 cells by the flavonoid morin. The treatments were evaluated by using the MTT and LDH assays; analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was evaluated by flow cytometry, cell death by apoptosis was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and by assessing the activity of caspases-3 and -6. The data indicated that the flavonoid morin has promoted a decrease in cell viability in a concentration-dependent way for both of the cancerous cell lines. An increase in the percentage of cell death caused by apoptosis was associated to a potential alteration in the mitochondrial membrane (ΔΨm) suggesting the involvement of cell death in intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Activation of caspases-3 and -6 confirmed the presence of apoptotic activity from morin. The results reinforce the antileukemic potential of flavonol morin.

Quality indices in degraded pasture in hilly relief / Indicadores de qualidade de pastagens degradadas sob condições de relevo acidentado

Due to the influence of relief on soil variability, homogenous pedogenetic conditions have been recommended for developing soil quality indices based on their chemical, physical and biological attributes. This limits the development and application of an index to the same pedoenvironment in hilly relief. The present work aimed to evaluate the soil coverage and soil chemical and physical attributes as indicators of quality related to visual aspects of pasture degradation and contextualizing the influence of the relief. For this purpose, degradation levels were separated from visual aspects, and soil coverage as well as soil chemical and physical attributes were evaluated. Such levels were less subjectively defined, with the discriminant functions generated using information from soil coverage. Factor Analysis showed that altitude and slope explain a lower proportion of the total variation of the data. On the other hand, slope variations control the majority of soil attribute variations, especially the physical attributes that do not present a clear and direct relationship with degradation levels, which makes it difficult to use these attributes as indicators of quality. This relationship with the soil attributes is differentiated mainly as a function of the sun-facing slope: on the East/South facing slope, a greater relationship was observed for the physical attributes and...(AU)

Devido à influência do relevo na variabilidade do solo, condições pedogenéticas homogêneas têm sido recomendadas para desenvolvimento de índices de qualidade do solo baseados em seus atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos. Tal fato limita o desenvolvimento e aplicação de um índice para um mesmo pedoambiente de relevo mais acidentado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a cobertura do solo e atributos químicos e físicos do solo como indicadores de qualidade relacionando-os com aspectos visuais de degradação das pastagens e contextualizando a influência do relevo. Para tanto, separaram-se níveis de degradação a partir de aspectos visuais, avaliou-se a cobertura do solo, atributos químicos e físicos do solo. Tais níveis foram definidos de forma menos subjetiva a partir das funções discriminantes geradas utilizando-se informações da cobertura do solo. Pela Análise de Fatores observa-se que altitude e faces de exposição ao sol estão relacionadas à explicação de uma menor proporção da variação total dos dados. Em contrapartida, a declividade controla a maior parte da variação dos atributos do solo, principalmente os físicos que não apresentaram uma relação direta e clara com a cobertura do solo e com níveis de degradação dificultando o uso desses atributos como indicadores de qualidade. Essa relação com os atributos dos solos se diferencia principalmente em função da...(AU)

Geochemistry and spatial variability of metal(loid) concentrations in soils of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Since 2009 a policy has been implemented in Brazil to establish the natural concentrations of potentially toxic substances in soil for each state. Historically a 'mining state', Minas Gerais established a Quality Reference Value for metal(loid)s for all of the soils in the state. To successfully establish these values it is important to study the spatial geochemical diversity for the state. In this context, the objectives of this work are: (1) to evaluate the natural concentrations of metal(loid)s in pristine Minas Gerais soils and (2) to interpret the spatial variability in concentration of these elements. The 0-20 cm layer of soils was sampled for 697 georeferenced sites including the main geological materials and soil groups. Soil properties were analyzed according to methodologies suitable for Brazilian soils. The concentration of metal(loid)s was determined by acid extraction according to EPA 3051A. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and spatial variability analyses were performed. The dominance of acidic pH and low CEC values reflects the pervasive deep acid weathering. The variability of metal(loid) concentrations for soils of the state may be attributed to geological diversity and different pedogenesis. Correlation and spatial analysis indicated that the Fe concentration is strongly associated with metal(loid) concentrations in topsoil. According to the spatial geochemical diversity of the state, a k-means cluster analysis was performed which identified four clusters. A significant difference in the mean values of metal(loid) concentrations between the clusters confirmed that the single Quality Reference Value established does not represent the geochemical diversity of soils in Minas Gerais.

Quality indices in degraded pasture in hilly relief / Indicadores de qualidade de pastagens degradadas sob condições de relevo acidentado

Due to the influence of relief on soil variability, homogenous pedogenetic conditions have been recommended for developing soil quality indices based on their chemical, physical and biological attributes. This limits the development and application of an index to the same pedoenvironment in hilly relief. The present work aimed to evaluate the soil coverage and soil chemical and physical attributes as indicators of quality related to visual aspects of pasture degradation and contextualizing the influence of the relief. For this purpose, degradation levels were separated from visual aspects, and soil coverage as well as soil chemical and physical attributes were evaluated. Such levels were less subjectively defined, with the discriminant functions generated using information from soil coverage. Factor Analysis showed that altitude and slope explain a lower proportion of the total variation of the data. On the other hand, slope variations control the majority of soil attribute variations, especially the physical attributes that do not present a clear and direct relationship with degradation levels, which makes it difficult to use these attributes as indicators of quality. This relationship with the soil attributes is differentiated mainly as a function of the sun-facing slope: on the East/South facing slope, a greater relationship was observed for the physical attributes and...

Devido à influência do relevo na variabilidade do solo, condições pedogenéticas homogêneas têm sido recomendadas para desenvolvimento de índices de qualidade do solo baseados em seus atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos. Tal fato limita o desenvolvimento e aplicação de um índice para um mesmo pedoambiente de relevo mais acidentado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a cobertura do solo e atributos químicos e físicos do solo como indicadores de qualidade relacionando-os com aspectos visuais de degradação das pastagens e contextualizando a influência do relevo. Para tanto, separaram-se níveis de degradação a partir de aspectos visuais, avaliou-se a cobertura do solo, atributos químicos e físicos do solo. Tais níveis foram definidos de forma menos subjetiva a partir das funções discriminantes geradas utilizando-se informações da cobertura do solo. Pela Análise de Fatores observa-se que altitude e faces de exposição ao sol estão relacionadas à explicação de uma menor proporção da variação total dos dados. Em contrapartida, a declividade controla a maior parte da variação dos atributos do solo, principalmente os físicos que não apresentaram uma relação direta e clara com a cobertura do solo e com níveis de degradação dificultando o uso desses atributos como indicadores de qualidade. Essa relação com os atributos dos solos se diferencia principalmente em função da...

Mercury, copper, and zinc concentrations in extracted human teeth.

Amalgam has been used as a filling material for over 150 years. Mercury, copper, and zinc are present in restoration. The aim of this study was to compare mercury, copper, and zinc concentrations in extracted human teeth with amalgam restorations and teeth without restorations. Thirty-two teeth, 15 restored with dental amalgam and 17 without restorations, were chemically analyzed in an Optima 3300 DV (Perkin Elmer) plasma emission spectrometer. Mercury, copper, and zinc were found in human teeth regardless of the presence of amalgam restorations. The highest mercury concentrations were found in the coronary portions of the teeth with amalgam restorations. Copper concentrations were very high. Zinc concentrations in the teeth without restoration were lower than those seen in the coronary portion of the teeth with restorations.