Acclimatization and Foraging of Native Brazilian Stingless Bees in Arenas with Covering Materials of Different Spectral Properties.

The use of Meliponini for crop pollination in protected environments is practically non-existent. One of the reasons is the difficulty of acclimatizing Meliponini to the temperature and light conditions inside greenhouses. We investigated how covering materials used in greenhouses, which filter different intensities of ultraviolet (UV) light, affect the foraging behaviors, flight orientation, attraction to walls and ceilings, and mortality of Scaptotrigona cf. postica (Letreille), Frieseomelitta varia (Lepeletier), and Melipona quadrifasciata (Lepeletier). The experiments were conducted in 5.3 m3 arenas covered with four types of plastic films that do not polarize sunlight, with UV transmittance levels ranging from 0.1 to 54%, compared to a transparent glass control. The temperature inside the arenas varied between treatments, from 27 ± 3°C to 31 ± 2°C. All three species collected resources and returned to the colony, regardless of the covering material. However, the proportion of this behavior, the number of bees attracted to the ceiling and wall, and mortality varied among treatments and/or throughout the confinement days for each species. Melipona quadrifasciata and F. varia acclimatized better to the confined environments than S. cf. postica and showed consistent resource collection behavior throughout the confinement days in all tested materials, except for the one that filtered around 90% of UV. In all three species, the mortality gradually decreased throughout the confinement days. The results indicate that the choice of covering material, considering its optical characteristics, can be crucial to ensure greater effectiveness of the pollination services provided by stingless bees in protected systems.

Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Lipid Impairment in the Liver of Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to Carbendazim.

Carbendazim is a systemic fungicide used in several countries, particularly in Brazil. However, studies suggest that it is related to the promotion of tumors, endocrine disruption, and toxicity to organisms, among other effects. As a result, carbendazim is not allowed in the United States, Australia, and some European Union countries. Therefore, further studies are necessary to evaluate its effects, and zebrafish is a model routinely used to provide relevant information regarding the acute and long-term effects of xenobiotics. In this way, zebrafish water tank samples (water samples from aquari containing zebrafish) and liver samples from animals exposed to carbendazim at a concentration of 120 µg/L were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, followed by multivariate and univariate statistical analyses, using the metabolomics approach. Our results suggest impairment of lipid metabolism with a consequent increase in intrahepatic lipids and endocrine disruption. Furthermore, the results suggest two endogenous metabolites as potential biomarkers to determine carbendazim exposure. Finally, the present study showed that it is possible to use zebrafish water tank samples to assess the dysregulation of endogenous metabolites to understand biological effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:437-448. © 2022 SETAC.

Indicadores de resultados com pacientes críticos obtidos com o processo de enfermagem: Estudo de coorte prospetivo / Outcome indicators obtained from the nursing process: Prospective cohort study with critically ill patients / Indicadores de resultados con pacientes críticos obtenidos con el proceso de enfermería: estudio de cohorte prospectivo

Resumo Enquadramento: A implementação do processo de enfermagem contribui para a obtenção de indicadores de resultados que demonstram mudanças nos diagnósticos de enfermagem. Objetivo: Analisar indicadores de resultados obtidos a partir da implementação do processo de enfermagem com pacientes críticos. Metodologia: Coorte prospetivo com 109 pacientes críticos em amostra de conveniência. Foram calculadas taxas de prevalência e incidência diagnóstica, de efetividade diagnóstica do risco, efetividade na prevenção de complicações e de modificações positivas no estado dos diagnósticos reais. Resultados: O diagnóstico risco de infeção foi prevalente em 100% dos pacientes e o risco de desequilíbrio na temperatura corporal foi o mais incidente (33,9%). Os diagnósticos risco de infeção, risco de trauma vascular, risco de sangramento e risco de religiosidade prejudicada obtiveram a taxa de efetividade diagnóstica do risco de 100%. A taxa de efetividade na prevenção de quedas foi de 100%. A taxa de modificações positivas no estado do diagnóstico de hipotermia foi de 93,4%. Conclusão: Indicadores obtidos a partir do processo de enfermagem evidenciam resultados sensíveis à prática de enfermagem.

Abstract Background: The implementation of the nursing process contributes to obtaining outcome indicators that demonstrate changes in nursing diagnoses. Objective: To analyze outcome indicators obtained from the implementation of the nursing process with critically ill patients. Methodology: Prospective cohort study with a convenience sample of 109 critically ill patients. Rates of diagnostic prevalence and incidence, risk diagnostic effectiveness, effectiveness in preventing complications, and positive changes in the status of actual diagnoses were calculated. Results: The diagnosis of risk for infection was prevalent in 100% of patients and the diagnosis of risk for imbalanced body temperature had the highest incidence (33.9%). The diagnoses of risk for infection, risk for vascular trauma, risk for bleeding, and risk for impaired religiosity obtained a diagnostic effectiveness rate of 100%. The rate of effectiveness in preventing falls was 100%. The rate of positive changes in the diagnosis of hypothermia was 93.4%. Conclusion: Indicators obtained from the nursing process show nursing-sensitive outcomes.

Resumen Marco contextual: La aplicación del proceso de enfermería contribuye a la obtención de indicadores de resultados que demuestran cambios en los diagnósticos de enfermería. Objetivo: Analizar los indicadores de resultados obtenidos a partir de la aplicación del proceso de enfermería con pacientes críticos. Metodología: Cohorte prospectivo con 109 pacientes críticos en una muestra de conveniencia. Se calcularon las tasas de prevalencia e incidencia de los diagnósticos, de la eficacia de los diagnósticos de riesgo, de la eficacia en la prevención de complicaciones y de los cambios positivos en el estado de los diagnósticos reales. Resultados: El diagnóstico de riesgo de infección prevaleció en el 100% de los pacientes y el riesgo de desequilibrio de la temperatura corporal fue el más incidente (33,9%). Los diagnósticos de riesgo de infección, riesgo de traumatismo vascular, riesgo de sangrado y riesgo de deterioro de la religiosidad obtuvieron una tasa de eficacia diagnóstica del 100%. La tasa de eficacia en la prevención de caídas fue del 100%. La tasa de cambios positivos en el diagnóstico del estado de hipotermia fue del 93,4%. Conclusión: Los indicadores obtenidos del proceso de enfermería muestran resultados sensibles a la práctica enfermera.

High prevalence of functional dyspepsia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequent complaints from individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dyspepsia is a universal clinical symptom and is among the most common GI complaints observed in the general population, but its prevalence in the population with NAFLD has not been previously investigated. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD) between patients with NAFLD and controls without liver disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at the Outpatient Liver Clinic, University Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: We included 96 NAFLD patients and 105 controls without liver disease. All participants were assessed for GI symptoms in accordance with the Rome III criteria. Evaluation methods included a questionnaire for FD (validated in Brazil), laboratory tests and upper GI endoscopy. RESULTS: Mean age and sex were similar between the groups. The NAFLD group presented higher frequency of proton-pump inhibitor usage (31.3% vs 4.8%; P < 0.001) and prevalence of FD (25.0% versus 12.4%; P = 0.021). The symptom frequencies were as follows: postprandial distress, 22.9% versus 11.4% (P = 0.030); postprandial fullness, 18.8% versus 10.5% (P = 0.095); early satiation, 8.3% versus 5.7% (P = 0.466); and epigastric pain or burning, 18.8% versus 5.7% (P = 0.004), in NAFLD patients and controls, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that female sex (odds ratio, OR 6.97; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.51-32.12; P = 0.013) and NAFLD diagnosis (OR 2.45; 95% CI: 1.14-5.27; P = 0.021) were independently associated with FD occurrence. CONCLUSION: FD occurs more frequently in individuals with NAFLD than in controls without hepatic disease.

High prevalence of functional dyspepsia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequent complaints from individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dyspepsia is a universal clinical symptom and is among the most common GI complaints observed in the general population, but its prevalence in the population with NAFLD has not been previously investigated. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD) between patients with NAFLD and controls without liver disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at the Outpatient Liver Clinic, University Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: We included 96 NAFLD patients and 105 controls without liver disease. All participants were assessed for GI symptoms in accordance with the Rome III criteria. Evaluation methods included a questionnaire for FD (validated in Brazil), laboratory tests and upper GI endoscopy. RESULTS: Mean age and sex were similar between the groups. The NAFLD group presented higher frequency of proton-pump inhibitor usage (31.3% vs 4.8%; P < 0.001) and prevalence of FD (25.0% versus 12.4%; P = 0.021). The symptom frequencies were as follows: postprandial distress, 22.9% versus 11.4% (P = 0.030); postprandial fullness, 18.8% versus 10.5% (P = 0.095); early satiation, 8.3% versus 5.7% (P = 0.466); and epigastric pain or burning, 18.8% versus 5.7% (P = 0.004), in NAFLD patients and controls, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that female sex (odds ratio, OR 6.97; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.51-32.12; P = 0.013) and NAFLD diagnosis (OR 2.45; 95% CI: 1.14-5.27; P = 0.021) were independently associated with FD occurrence. CONCLUSION: FD occurs more frequently in individuals with NAFLD than in controls without hepatic disease.

O papel da atenção básica no processo transexualizador: por que o médico de família e comunidade deve hormonizar na UBS? / The role of primary care in the transsexualization process: why does should a family and community doctor take hormones at the UBS?

Introdução. Entende-se por gênero aquele que é legalmente atribuído quando do nascimento do bebê, podendo ser masculino ou feminino, dependendo das características físicas do recém-nascido. No entanto, é possível que o sexo atribuído a uma pessoa não corresponda à sua identidade de gênero, ou seja, à própria percepção ou sentimentos que a pessoa tem em relação ao próprio gênero, criando uma distinção entre as dimensões biológicas e sociais. Aqueles que não se identificam com o sexo biológico atribuído são denominados transgêneros: um grupo vulnerável e com pouca visibilidade atualmente. O Processo Transexualizador é um importante serviço em saúde para a população trans que busca intervenções cirúrgicas e hormonais. Ainda que o cuidado baseado em um modelo humanista centrado no paciente, a partir de uma visão holística, esteja sendo promovido entre os profissionais de saúde, o que se observa é que a grande maioria não possui competências suficientes para oferecer às pessoas transexuais cuidados de saúde abrangentes que possam responder às suas necessidades e preocupações, causando um déficit na prestação de serviços de saúde. Objetivos. Debater sobre as experiências de pessoas trans em relação aos cuidados de saúde que recebem na atenção primária com o propósito de entender as formas de acesso e suas experiências, torná-las visíveis e identificar áreas de melhoria, de modo a compreender o processo transexualizador e seus desdobramentos, bem como o motivo pelo qual o médico da família não realiza a hormonização. Metodologia. Estudo baseado na revisão bibliográfica da literatura. A seleção dos textos foi realizada a partir dos temas de interesse, de palavras-chave e de conceitos relacionados aos objetivos estabelecidos. Conclusão. Embora hoje a atual política de atenção à saúde da população trans oferte assistência especializada através do Processo Transexualizador, o que se percebe é que ainda há muito a evoluir, principalmente no processo de hormonização.

Epidemiological dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Gamma in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The emergence and widespread circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants of concern (VOCs) or interest impose an enhanced threat to global public health. In Brazil, one of the countries most severely impacted throughout the pandemic, a complex dynamics involving variants co-circulation and turnover events has been recorded with the emergence and spread of VOC Gamma in Manaus in late 2020. In this context, we present a genomic epidemiology investigation based on samples collected between December 2020 and May 2021 in the second major Brazilian metropolis, Rio de Janeiro. By sequencing 244 novel genomes through all epidemiological weeks in this period, we were able to document the introduction and rapid dissemination of VOC Gamma in the city, driving the rise of the third local epidemic wave. Molecular clock analysis indicates that this variant has circulated locally since the first weeks of 2021 and only 7 weeks were necessary for it to achieve a frequency above 70 per cent, consistent with rates of growth observed in Manaus and other states. Moreover, a Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction indicates that VOC Gamma spread throughout Brazil between December 2020 and January 2021 and that it was introduced in Rio de Janeiro through at least 13 events coming from nearly all regions of the country. Comparative analysis of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) cycle threshold (Ct) values provides further evidence that VOC Gamma induces higher viral loads (N1 target; mean reduction of Ct: 2.7, 95 per cent confidence interval = ± 0.7). This analysis corroborates the previously proposed mechanistic basis for this variant-enhanced transmissibility and distinguished epidemiological behavior. Our results document the evolution of VOC Gamma and provide independent assessment of scenarios previously studied in Manaus, therefore contributing to the better understanding of the epidemiological dynamics currently being surveyed in other Brazilian regions.

COVID-19 diagnosis by RT-qPCR in alternative specimens.

BACKGROUND: The high demand for adequate material for the gold standard reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-based diagnosis imposed by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, combined with the inherent contamination risks for healthcare workers during nasopharyngeal swab (NP) sample collection and the discomfort it causes patients, brought the need to identify alternative specimens suitable for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to compare saliva and gingival fluid swabs to NP swabs as specimens for RT-qPCR-based SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. METHODS: We compared gingival fluid swabs (n = 158) and saliva (n = 207) to the rayon-tipped NP swabs obtained from mild-symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects as specimens for RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. FINDINGS: When compared to NP swabs, gingival fluid swabs had a concordance rate of 15.4% among positive samples, zero among inconclusive, and 100% among negative ones. For saliva samples, the concordance rate was 67.6% among positive samples, 42.9% among inconclusive, and 96.8% among negative ones. However, the concordance rate between saliva and NP swabs was higher (96.9%) within samples with lower cycle threshold (Ct) values (Ct > 10 ≤ 25). MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that whereas gingival fluid swabs are not substitutes for NP swabs, saliva might be considered whenever NP swabs are not available or recommended.

Between the limits and potentialities: reflections on the psychologist's performance at SUAS / Entre limites e potencialidades: reflexões acerca da atuação do psicólogo no SUAS / Entre límites y potencialidades: reflexiones sobre el papel del psicólogo en SUAS

This article begins from the assumptions of Liberation Psychology to support reflections on the role of psychologists in the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS). At first it outlines, then, it presents the trajectory of Psychology as a profession and Social Assistance as a public policy, to later discuss the role of psychologists in this context, problematizing challenges that present themselves in the current situation and the potential of these professionals' performance. The recovery and analysis of recent historical facts in Brazil evidenced the reduction of the State and the deprivation of historically conquered rights, which have materialized in the dismantling of SUAS, demanding strength of resistance to fight these setbacks from the professionals who work there, which also implies working with the oppressed so that they overcome their alienated identities, with a view of building practices committed to social transformation.

O presente artigo parte dos pressupostos da Psicologia da Libertação para fundamentar reflexões acerca da atuação dos psicólogos no Sistema Único de Assistência Social (Suas). Como primeiros delineamentos, apresenta a trajetória da psicologia como profissão e da assistência social como política pública, para posteriormente discutir a atuação dos psicólogos nesse contexto, problematizando os desafios que se apresentam na atual conjuntura e as potencialidades da atuação desses profissionais. O resgate e a análise dos fatos históricos recentes do Brasil evidenciaram a redução do Estado e o despojo de direitos historicamente conquistados, que têm se materializado no desmonte do Suas, demandando dos profissionais resistência para lutar contra esses retrocessos, o que também implica atuar com os oprimidos para que superem suas identidades alienadas, com vistas à construção de práticas comprometidas com a transformação social.

Este artículo parte de los supuestos de la Psicología de la Liberación para sustentar reflexiones sobre el rol de los psicólogos en el Sistema Único de Asistencia Social (Suas). Como primer trazo, presenta la trayectoria de la psicología como profesión y la asistencia social como política pública, para luego discutir el rol de los psicólogos en este contexto, problematizando los desafíos que se presentan en la situación actual y el potencial de desempeño de estos profesionales. El rescate y análisis de hechos históricos recientes en Brasil mostró la reducción del Estado y el saqueo de derechos históricamente conquistados, que se han materializado en el desmantelamiento de Suas, exigiendo de los profesionales la resistencia para combatir estos retrocesos, lo que también implica actuar con los oprimidos para superar sus identidades alienadas, con miras a construir prácticas comprometidas con la transformación social.

Genomic characterization of a novel SARS-CoV-2 lineage from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Almost simultaneously, several studies reported the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages characterized by their phylogenetic and genetic distinction (1), (2), (3), (4).….

Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Associated to Systemic Inflammatory Response and Pericardial Effusion in the Newborn: A Case Report.

Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has already been described, while clinical consequences to the fetus are still under investigation. This article reports a case of systemic fetal inflammatory response and pericardial effusion. As far as is known, this is the first case of fetal/neonatal cardiac complications related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Efeito da terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana como adjuvante no tratamento não cirúrgico da periodontite estádio III ou IV grau C / Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjuvant in the non-surgical treatment of stage III or IV grade C periodontitis

A Periodontite estádio III e IV grau C em pacientes jovens tem um caráter mais destrutivo dos tecidos periodontais de suporte e tem impacto em perdas dentárias, função mastigatória e pior resposta ao tratamento. E a Terapia Fotodinâmica Antimicrobiana (TFD) tem surgido como uma alternativa promissora adjuvante à Terapia Periodontal não Cirúrgica (TPNC) desta doença. OBJETIVO: avaliar os efeitos da TFD como adjuvante no TPNC da Periodontite estádio III ou IV grau C, através dos parâmetros clínicos periodontais (Índice de Placa Visível (IPV), Índice de Sangramento Gengival (ISG), Sangramento à Sondagem (SS), Profundidade de Sondagem (PS), Recessão Gengival (RG), Nível de Inserção Clínica (NIC) e Mobilidade Dentária (MOB)) bem como avaliar seu impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes por meio do Oral healthrelated quality of life (OHRQoL). METODOLOGIA: Vinte e um indivíduos participaram desse ensaio clínico controlado randomizado, duplo cego, em um desenho de boca dividida por quadrantes. Todos os pacientes foram tratados com orientação de higiene bucal, raspagem e alisamento radicular por meio do Full Mouth Disinfection (FMD) e antibioticoterapia sistêmica. Os quatro quadrantes foram randomizados de acordo com os seguintes grupos: grupo 1 (FMD + AB), grupo 2 (FMD + AB + TFD em sessão única), grupo 3 (FMD + AB + TFD em quatro sessões) e grupo 4 (FMD + AB + laserterapia com luz infravermelha em quatro sessões). As avaliações foram feitas no baseline e com média de 6 meses após o tratamento. RESULTADOS: Obteve-se uma melhora dos parâmetros clínicos com redução significativa da PS, NIC e SS para todos grupos e da MOB para os grupos FMD + AB, FMD + AB + TFD sessão única e FMD + AB + TFD em 4 sessões após o tratamento, apresentou redução expressivamente maior do NIC no grupo FMD + AB + TFD 4 sessões (ΔMédia = 3,04 mm) em relação ao grupo FMD + AB (Δmédia =2,18 mm), ou seja, com diferença de 0,86 mm. A estratificação das PS no baseline em PS = 5mm e PS ≥ 6mm mostrou que para PS ≥ 6mm, o grupo FMD + AB + TFD em 4 sessões apresentou maior redução da PS (p = 0,005) e NIC (p = 0,001) em relação ao grupo FMD + AB. Em relação à QV, houve aumento significativo dos valores OHRQoL (p = 0,001) e dos domínios físico (p < 0,001), social (p = 0,027) e psicológico (p = 0,005) após o tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A terapia periodontal do FMD associada a antibioticoterapia, com acréscimo ou não da TFD apresenta resultados significativos na melhora dos parâmetros clínicos periodontais e, em bolsas mais profundas, a TFD em 4 sessões apresentou resultados superiores. Ademais, a Periodontite estádio III ou IV grau C reflete negativamente na percepção da QV, porém, a TPNC apresentou impacto positivo sobre a mesma (AU).

Stage III ­ IV grade C periodontitis in young patients has a more destructive character of periodontal support tissues and has impact on loss of teeth, masticatory function and worse response to treatment. The Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has become as a promising alternative, adjuvant to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT) of this disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of adjunctive PDT on the non-surgical treatment of stage III ­ IV, grade C Periodontitis, through the analysis of periodontal clinical parameters (Visible Plaque Index (VPI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Bleeding on Probing (BP), Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), Gingival Recession (GR), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) and Tooth Mobility (Mob)) as well as to assess their impact on quality of life (QoL) of the patients through Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaire. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-one subjects particpated in this controlled randomized, double-blind trial, in a split-mouth design divided into quadrants. All the patients were treated with oral hygiene guidance, scaling and root planing through Full Mouth Disinfection (FMD) and systemic anbiotics. The four quadrants were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: group (FMD + AB), group 2 (FMD + AB + PDT in a single session), group 3 (FMD + AB + PDT in four sessions), and group 4 (FMD + AB + laser therapy with infrared light in four sessions). Assessments were made at baseline and an average of 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: There was an improvement in clinical parameters with significant reduction of PPD, CAL and BoP for all therapies as well as Mob for FMD + AB, FMD + AB + PDT in a sihgle session and FMD + AB + PDT in 4 sessions groups, however there was a significantly greater reduction in CIN in the FMD + AB + PDT group 4 sessions (ΔAverage = 3.04 mm) in relation to the FMD + AB group (ΔAverage = 2.18 mm), that is, with a difference of 0.86 mm. Stratification of the baseline pockets in PPD = 5mm and PPD ≥ 6mm showed that, for PPD ≥ 6mm, FMD + PDT in 4 sessions had a greater reduction of PPD (p = 0.005) and CAL (p = 0.001) in relation to FMD group). Regarding QoL analysis, there was a significant increase in the OHRQoL (p = 0.001) and in the physical (p < 0,001), social (p = 0.027) and psychological (p = 0.005) domains after treatment. CONCLUSION: FMD therapy associated with systemic antibiotic therapy, with or without addition of PDT, showed significant improvement of the clinical periodontal parameters and, in deeper pockets, PDT in 4 sessions showed better results. Furthermore, stage III - IV grade C Periodontitis reflected negatively on the QoL perception, however, NSPT had a positive impact on it (AU).

COVID-19 diagnosis by RT-qPCR in alternative specimens

BACKGROUND The high demand for adequate material for the gold standard reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-based diagnosis imposed by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, combined with the inherent contamination risks for healthcare workers during nasopharyngeal swab (NP) sample collection and the discomfort it causes patients, brought the need to identify alternative specimens suitable for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to compare saliva and gingival fluid swabs to NP swabs as specimens for RT-qPCR-based SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. METHODS We compared gingival fluid swabs (n = 158) and saliva (n = 207) to the rayon-tipped NP swabs obtained from mild-symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects as specimens for RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. FINDINGS When compared to NP swabs, gingival fluid swabs had a concordance rate of 15.4% among positive samples, zero among inconclusive, and 100% among negative ones. For saliva samples, the concordance rate was 67.6% among positive samples, 42.9% among inconclusive, and 96.8% among negative ones. However, the concordance rate between saliva and NP swabs was higher (96.9%) within samples with lower cycle threshold (Ct) values (Ct > 10 ≤ 25). MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that whereas gingival fluid swabs are not substitutes for NP swabs, saliva might be considered whenever NP swabs are not available or recommended.

PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphisms in Brazilian patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, with significant morbidity associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Genome-wide association studies demonstrated that the variants rs738409 C/G in the PNPLA3 and rs58542926 C/T in the TM6SF2 genes are determinants of inter-individual and ethnicity-related differences in hepatic fat content and NAFLD progression. AIM: To investigate PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genotype frequency and their association with NAFLD development and progression in Brazilian patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study enrolled 285 individuals from the Gastroenterology and Hepatology clinics at a university hospital in Brazil. The case patients (n = 148) were confirmed to have NAFLD by the identification of hepatic steatosis on ultrasonography and exclusion of other causes of liver disease. According to the clinical protocol, patients underwent liver biopsy when at high risk for NASH and/or advanced fibrosis (n = 65). Steatohepatitis was confirmed in 54 patients. Individuals who did not have biopsy indication or NASH on histology were considered to have simple steatosis (n = 94). The control group (n = 137) was selected among patients that attended the Intestinal Disease clinic and was composed of subjects without abnormalities on abdominal ultrasonography and normal liver biochemical tests. All individuals underwent PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genotype analysis. RESULTS: PNPLA3 CC, CG and GG genotype frequencies were 37%, 44% and 19%, respectively, in NAFLD patients and were 58%, 31% and 10% in controls (P < 0.001). In a model adjusted for gender, age, body mass index and type 2 diabetes mellitus, the G allele increased the chance of NAFLD (OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.21-2.36, P = 0.002) and NASH (OR = 3.50, 95%CI: 1.84-6.64, P < 0.001). The chance of NASH was even higher with GG homozygosis (OR = 5.53, 95%CI: 2.04-14.92, P = 0.001). No association was found between G allele and the features of metabolic syndrome. In histological assessment, PNPLA3 genotype was not associated with steatosis grade, although GG homozygosis increased the chance of significant NASH activity (OR = 17.11, 95%CI: 1.87-156.25, P = 0.01) and fibrosis (OR = 7.42, 95%CI: 1.55-34.47, P = 0.01) in the same adjusted model. TM6SF2 CC, CT and TT genotype frequencies were 83%, 15% and 0.7%, respectively, in NAFLD patients and were 84%, 16% and 0.7% in controls (P = 0.78). The T allele presence was not associated with NAFLD or NASH, and was not associated with histological features. CONCLUSION: PNPLA3 may be involved in susceptibility and progression of NAFLD and NASH in the Brazilian population. More advanced histological liver disease was associated with the G allele. The TM6SF2 genetic variants were not associated with NAFLD susceptibility and progressive histological forms in the population studied, but further studies are required to confirm these findings.

Effect of Adjunctive Probiotic Therapy on the Treatment of Peri-implant Diseases - A Systematic Review.

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of probiotics on peri-implant diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Literature in the Health Sciences in Latin America and the Caribbean (LILACS) and Science Direct were searched until September 2019. Three authors independently carried out this search, using the following search algorithm to explore databases using Boolean operators ("peri-implant diseases" OR "dental implants") AND ("probiotics" OR "lactobacillus"). Randomized clinical trials were included. No limits were applied to the year and articles were restricted to those in the English, Spanish and Portuguese languages. Review articles, reports of clinical cases and works without mention of the topic were excluded. RESULTS: Five randomized clinical trials were analyzed in the final review process. For the primary outcomes - Periodontal probing depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP); and for the secondary outcames - plaque index, gingival index, gingival crevicular fluid and microbiological tests - no significant clinical effects of probiotics were observed. CONCLUSION: Probiotics could be used during the treatment of peri-implant diseases. However, the most appropriate form of probiotic administration or the effectiveness of this approach are still unclear. There is currently insufficient evidence to demonstrate the benefits of the use of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy in patients with peri-implant diseases.

A violência contra a mulher no sistema único de saúde / Violence against women in the single health system / La violencia contra las mujeres en el sistema único de salud

Objetivo: caracterizar a produção científica acerca da violência contra mulher e suas repercussões sociais, em periódicos online no âmbito da saúde, publicados no período de 2011 a 2016. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada através das bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System On-Line (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Bases de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF). Resultados: a análise dos 15 artigos evidenciou a caracterização da violência, a atuação e percepção dos profissionais de saúde acerca da violência e do aborto legal, destacando a relevância de estudar a violência e suas repercussões sociais, com o objetivo de proporcionar uma melhor assistência. Conclusão: conclui-se que fortalecer às políticas de erradicação da violência contra a mulher, oferecer uma rede de apoio multiprofissional eficiente e a intensificar as políticas de conscientização são imprescindíveis a nossa sociedade

Objective: to characterize the scientific production about violence against women and its social repercussions in online health journals published in the period from 2011 to 2016. Method: this is an integrative review of the literature, carried out through databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System On-Line (MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Nursing Databases (BDENF). Results: the analysis of the 15 articles showed the characterization of violence, the performance and perception of health professionals about violence and legal abortion, highlighting the relevance of studying violence and its social repercussions, in order to provide better care. Conclusion: it is concluded that strengthening policies to eradicate violence against women, providing an efficient multiprofessional support network, and intensifying awareness-raising policies are essential to our society

Objetivo: caracterizar la producción científica acerca de la violencia contra la mujer y sus repercusiones sociales, en periódicos online en el ámbito de la salud, publicados en el período de 2011 a 2016. Método: se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada a través de las bases de datos (MEDLINE), Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), Bases de Datos de Enfermería (BDENF). Resultados: el análisis de los 15 artículos evidenció la caracterización de la violencia, la actuación y percepción de los profesionales de salud acerca de la violencia y del aborto legal, destacando la relevancia de estudiar la violencia y sus repercusiones sociales, con el objetivo de proporcionar una mejor asistencia. Conclusión: se concluye que fortalecer a las políticas de erradicación de la violencia contra la mujer, ofrecer una red de apoyo multiprofesional eficiente intensificar las políticas de concientización son imprescindibles para nuestra sociedad

Avaliação da qualidade do leite de cabra em uma mini usina do Cariri paraibano através da contagem de células somáticas e contagem bacteriana total / Evaluation of quality of goat milk in a mini parairan Cariri usina through somatic cell count and total bacterial count

A qualidade do leite é definida por diversos fatores entre eles a sanidade da glândula mamária e a higienização dos equipamentos processadores de leite. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a qualidade do leite através da determinação dos componentes do leite e da contagem de células somáticas e contagem bacteriana total. Foram avaliadas 27 amostras de leite de cabra cru em uma mini usina do Cariri paraibano. De acordo com os resultados encontrados verifica-se que os valores médios de lactose e a CBT encontram se fora dos padrões estabelecidos, já a CCS apresentam índices altos de acordo com os limites fisiológicos considerados normais para a espécie. Esses resultados demonstram falhas no manejo e a necessidade de implementação de melhorias contínuas.

Promoção da saúde por meio de produtos naturais: percepção e conhecimento de comerciantes / Promotion of health by natural products: perception and knowledge of traders

Objetivo: analisar a percepção e o conhecimento de proprietários de lojas de produtos naturais sobre esses alimentos, observando-se também o conhecimento científico sobre o assunto. Método: estudo descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 30 proprietários de lojas do setor de alimentos de produtos naturais. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado durante as entrevistas individuais, seguido da transcrição na íntegra e análise de conteúdo com apoio do software Atlas.ti. Os dados foram descritos em tabela de frequência com percentual e apresentação dos discursos. Resultados: houve predomínio do sexo feminino (63,3%), com ensino superior completo (66,7%). Os entrevistados apresentaram carência de informação relacionada aos cuidados de contraindicações, higiene e qualidade dos produtos. Conclusão: os resultados demonstram que os entrevistados necessitam de mais conhecimento sobre os produtos naturais oferecidos no comércio, sendo necessária maior fiscalização por parte do poder público para garantir a qualidade desses produtos.