Emotional Eating and Uncontrolled Eating as Risk Predictors for Disordered Eating Attitudes in Candidates for Bariatric Surgery Treated at a Public Hospital in the Amazon.

This study analyzes the eating behavior and factors associated with the presence of disordered eating attitudes in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted at a hospital in the Amazon region of Brazil. The Disordered Eating Attitude Scale reduced version (DEAS-s) was used to assess the risk of eating disorders and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) was used to characterize eating behavior. A total of 205 patients participated, with a mean age of 37.5 ± 8.6 years. The majority of participants were female (93.7%; p < 0.001), and the mean BMI was 45.3 ± 6.7 kg/m2. It was found that cognitive restraint had the highest mean (52.6 ± 19.9; p < 0.001). As for the DEAS-s, the question with the highest mean response was "spending one or more days without eating or consuming only liquids to lose weight" (2.80 ± 1.99). Female participants had a higher score for emotional eating (p = 0.016). Disordered eating attitudes showed a correlation with emotional eating and uncontrolled eating. These results suggest that candidates for bariatric surgery may have susceptibility to eating disorders. The importance of a multidisciplinary team conducting monitoring during the preoperative period is highlighted.

Association between Self-Perception of Chewing, Chewing Behavior, and the Presence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Candidates for Bariatric Surgery.

Given the changes in the digestive tract post-bariatric surgery, adapting to a new pattern of eating behavior becomes crucial, with special attention to the specifics of chewing mechanics. This study aimed to investigate the association between self-perception of chewing, chewing behavior, and the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in preoperative patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Sixty adult candidates for bariatric surgery at a public hospital in Belém (Brazil) were analyzed. Participants predominantly exhibited unilateral chewing patterns (91.6%), a fast chewing rhythm (73.3%), a large food bolus (80%), liquid intake during meals (36.7%), and 41.7% reported that chewing could cause some issue. Significant associations were found between the perception of causing problems and chewing scarcity (p = 0.006), diarrhea (p = 0.004), absence of slow chewing (p = 0.048), and frequent cutting of food with front teeth (p = 0.034). These findings reveal a relationship between the perception of chewing problems and chewing scarcity, presence of diarrhea, and fast chewing.

Impacto do uso de imunonutrientes no desfecho clínico de pacientes críticos: uma revisão sistemática de estudos clínicos / Impact of immunonutrient use on clinical out comes in critical patients: a systematic review of clinical trials

Objetivo: Descrever os resultados da influência de imunonutrientes na taxa de mortalidade, tempo de internação, tempo de permanência na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e incidência de infecções em pacientes críticos adultos e idosos. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Medline e Google Scholar, usando os descritores: ("immunomodulation" OR "immunonutrients") AND ("fattyAcids, Omega-3" OR "eicosapentaenoic Acid") AND ("glutamine") AND ("criticalillness" OR "criticalillnesses" OR "criticallyill"), sem restrição de idioma, com pesquisas realizadas no período de 2012 a 2022. Resultados: Nas buscas realizadas, foram encontradas 15 publicações, das quais 11 atenderam a todos os critérios estabelecidos ao início do estudo. Apesar de alguns estudos com indivíduos suplementados com fórmulas imunomoduladoras demonstrarem melhora no tempo de internação de UTI, redução de ocorrência de sepse e choque séptico, e redução de taxa de infecções, em sua maioria os estudos avaliados não mostraram diferença entre os grupos suplementados e os grupos controle, ou não apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significativos. Conclusão: O manejo do cuidado em pacientes críticos deve ser cuidadoso e individualizado, sendo imprescindível que a conduta clínica tenha como base evidências científicas. No presente estudo, a análise dos estudos clínicos que compuseram esta pesquisa verificou que os efeitos da imunomodulação na mortalidade, tempo de internação na UTI e hospitalização total e incidência de infecções, demonstrou ausência de resultados significativos para a prática de uso de imunonutrientes em pacientes críticos, sendo necessário realizar outros estudos para comprovar os reais benefícios da adoção dessa conduta.

Objective: To describe the outcomes regarding the impact of immunonutrients on mortality rates, length of hospitalization, duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stays, and the incidence of infections in adult and elderly critical patients. Method: An integrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Medline, and Google Scholar databases, using the descriptors: ("immunomodulation" OR "immunonutrients") AND ("fatty acids, Omega-3" OR "eicosapentaenoic Acid") AND ("glutamine") AND ("critical illness" OR "critical illnesses" OR "critically ill"), without language restrictions. The search encompassed studies that were published between 2012 and 2022. Results: Fifteen publications were identified in the conducted searches, of which eleven met all the established criteria at the outset of the study. Although some studies involving individuals supplemented with immunomodulatory formulas demonstrated improvements in ICU leng­th of stay, a reduced incidence of sepsis and septic shock, and a lower infection rate, most of the evaluated studies did not reveal significant differences between the supplemented groups and the control groups or did not yield statistically significant outcomes. Conclusion: The management of care for critical patients necessitates a cautious and individualized approach, underpinned by scientific evidence. The analysis of clinical studies forming part of this research revealed an absence of statistically significant  results pertaining to the practice of immunomodulation  utilization in critical patients with respect to effects on mortality, ICU length of stay, total hospitalization, and the incidence of infections. Further studies are required to validate the genuine benefits of adopting this approach.