Análise de forças de movimentação e características físico-químicas em alinhadores ortodônticos: avanços tecnológicos e considerações críticas / Analysis of motion forces and physicochemical characteristics in orthodontic aligners: technological advances and critical considerations

O avanço tecnológico revolucionou a prática odontológica, com os alinhadores ortodônticos emergindo como uma escolha altamente popular entre pacientes que buscam tratamentos estéticos e confortáveis. No entanto, apesar de sua crescente demanda, permanecem questões cruciais relacionadas à eficácia e análise dimensional desses dispositivos. Este artigo oferece uma análise abrangente das características químicas, físicas e mecânicas dos alinhadores ortodônticos, iluminando a influência vital do processo de termoformação e da espessura nas propriedades desses materiais. Compreender profundamente essas características é essencial para aprimorar a eficácia e a durabilidade dos alinhadores ortodônticos, contribuindo, assim, para o sucesso e a evolução dos tratamentos ortodônticos modernos. Neste estudo, exploraremos: 1) as propriedades químicas dos materiais e como elas afetam a biocompatibilidade e a resistência à degradação; 2) as características físicas, incluindo textura de superfície, transparência e sua influência na adaptação bucal e no conforto do paciente; 3) as propriedades mecânicas, como flexibilidade e rigidez, e como essas características afetam a distribuição de forças de movimentação dentária; 4) a influência do processo de termoformação na precisão e reprodutibilidade dos alinhadores, bem como sua relação com a qualidade do tratamento; 5) a análise crítica da espessura dos alinhadores e seu papel na capacidade de aplicar forças adequadas para a movimentação dentária. Ao abordar esses aspectos, este artigo visa oferecer uma visão holística das complexidades envolvidas na fabricação e uso de alinhadores ortodônticos. Esperamos que esta revisão contribua para uma compreensão mais profunda desses dispositivos e promova avanços significativos na ortodontia, beneficiando tanto os profissionais quanto os pacientes.

Technological advancement has revolutionized dental practice, with orthodontic aligners emerging as a trendy choice among patients seeking aesthetic and comfortable treatments. However, despite their growing demand, crucial questions remain regarding these devices' effectiveness and dimensional analysis. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the chemical, physical, and mechanical characteristics of orthodontic aligners, illuminating the vital influence of the thermoforming process and thickness on the properties of these materials. Understanding these characteristics in depth is essential to improving the effectiveness and durability of orthodontic aligners, thus contributing to the success and evolution of modern orthodontic treatments. In this study, we will explore 1) the chemical properties of materials and how these properties affect biocompatibility and resistance to degradation; 2) the physical characteristics, including surface texture, transparency and their influence on oral adaptation and patient comfort; 3) mechanical properties, such as flexibility and stiffness, and how these characteristics affect the distribution of tooth movement forces; 4) the influence of the thermoforming process on the precision and reproducibility of the aligners, as well as its relationship with the quality of the treatment; 5) critical analysis of aligner thickness and its role in the ability to apply adequate forces for tooth movement. By addressing these aspects, this article aims to offer a holistic view of the complexities involved in manufacturing and using orthodontic aligners. We hope this review will contribute to a deeper understanding of these devices and promote significant advances in orthodontics, benefiting professionals and patients.

Instruments to Assess the Comfort of Hospitalized Elderly People: A Scoping Review.

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to map the instruments for assessing the comfort of hospitalized older adults in the scientific literature, identifying those instruments validated and transculturally adapted to the realities of Brazil. Methods: This was a scoping review of 14 articles and a website retrieved from the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct/Elsevier, and gray literature (Oasisbr, Catalog of Theses and Dissertations [CAPES], OATD, BDBTD, and The Comfort Line). Results: Seventeen instruments for assessing the comfort of hospitalized older adults were mapped; however, none were specifically designed for this population, as they were originally intended for adults or individuals with neuropsychiatric conditions. Among these, three have been validated and transculturally adapted to the Brazilian context. Conclusions: This study reveals the need for a specific instrument tailored for hospitalized older adults without neuropsychiatric conditions.

Use of neem vegetable cake (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) increases corn productivity.

The need to transition to more sustainable agriculture that is adaptable to environmental challenges, reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers and minimizing environmental impact, represents the new paradigm of the moment. In this scenario, studies with the adoption of bioinputs in corn cultivation emerge as a viable option for the sustainability of agricultural activity. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of doses of neem vegetable cake on the yield components of corn crops. An experimental design was used of randomized blocks was used, consisting of four doses of neem vegetable rendering (3 kg ha-1, 6 kg ha-1, 9 kg ha-1 and 12 kg ha-1) and a treatment control without the presence of organic fertilizer. The result indicates the presence of a significant effect of treatments with the application of neem cake on the main components of corn yield, including grain productivity, suggesting that the high carbon content present in the organic product can induce phytochemical effects and biological changes. in the soil, making it more productive. It was found that, when administering the maximum experimental dose, compared to the control group, there was a significant effect (p≤0.01) of 21.3% on grain productivity, jumping from 2,140 kg ha -1, when did not apply organic fertilizer, to 2,596 kg ha-1 with the application of 12 kg of neem cake per hectare. It is noted that the increase in grain productivity was in the proportion of 38 kg ha-1 of corn for each kilo of neem cake applied. To facilitate interpretation and decision-making, an analysis of the economic viability of neem cake for rainfed corn was also determined, also identifying the maximum experimental dose of 12 kg ha-1, as the most economically viable, providing an increase in profit of around R$ 119.92 per hectare, in relation to the control.

Enhancing the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS): Proposed updates and anatomical descriptors for pain assessment.

The use of grimace scales enables the clinical identification of changes in the facial expressions of animals caused by pain. The Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) is one such tool, comprising a pain coding system based on facial expressions and assessing six Facial Action Units (FAUs). Each FAU is accompanied by descriptions and anatomical details to assist the evaluator. However, the morphological descriptions for certain FAUs in the HGS are not sufficiently detailed, potentially hindering accurate interpretation. This study is an analytical investigation aimed at enhancing the morphoanatomical details in the HGS and providing raters with more comprehensive materials for pain evaluation in horses using this scale. To achieve this, detailed anatomical analyses were conducted using established references in veterinary anatomy. Initially, we propose substituting the term 'ear' with 'auricle' or 'pinna' and replacing 'area above the eye' with 'supraorbital region' for anatomical accuracy. Additionally, we introduce detailed morphoanatomical descriptions that identify specific landmarks, with the goal of ensuring more consistent application of the HGS and reducing interpretation variability. Furthermore, this study provides an explanation of the muscles involved in the investigated FAUs. These adjustments on the descriptions and evaluations remain unverified, however it is anticipated that the descriptive enhancements lead us to understand that higher interobserver reliability can be achieved for each of the FAUs.

The somatic mutation profile of estrogen receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer in Brazilian patients.

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Studies about the genomic landscape of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) have predominantly originated from developed nations. There are still limited data on the molecular epidemiology of MBC in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of mutations in the PI3K-AKT pathway and other actionable drivers in estrogen receptor (ER)+/HER2- MBC among Brazilian patients treated at a large institution representative of the nation's demographic diversity. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using laboratory data (OC Precision Medicine). Our study included tumor samples from patients with ER+/HER2- MBC who underwent routine tumor testing from 2020 to 2023 and originated from several Brazilian centers within the Oncoclinicas network. Two distinct next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays were used: GS Focus (23 genes, covering PIK3CA, AKT1, ESR1, ERBB2, BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, TP53, but not PTEN) or GS 180 (180 genes, including PTEN, tumor mutation burden [TMB] and microsatellite instability [MSI]). Results: Evaluation of tumor samples from 328 patients was undertaken, mostly (75.6%) with GS Focus. Of these, 69% were primary tumors, while 31% were metastatic lesions. The prevalence of mutations in the PI3K-AKT pathway was 39.3% (95% confidence interval, 33% to 43%), distributed as 37.5% in PIK3CA and 1.8% in AKT1. Stratification by age revealed a higher incidence of mutations in this pathway among patients over 50 (44.5% vs 29.1%, p=0.01). Among the PIK3CA mutations, 78% were canonical (included in the alpelisib companion diagnostic non-NGS test), while the remaining 22% were characterized as non-canonical mutations (identifiable only by NGS test). ESR1 mutations were detected in 6.1%, exhibiting a higher frequency in metastatic samples (15.1% vs 1.3%, p=0.003). Additionally, mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2 were identified in 3.9% of cases, while mutations in ERBB2 were found in 2.1%. No PTEN mutations were detected, nor were TMB high or MSI cases. Conclusion: We describe the genomic landscape of Brazilian patients with ER+/HER2- MBC, in which the somatic mutation profile is comparable to what is described in the literature globally. These data are important for developing precision medicine strategies in this scenario, as well as for health systems management and research initiatives.

Clinical and molecular characterization of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2G/R7 in a large cohort of Brazilian patients.

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2G/R7 (LGMD2G/R7) is an ultra-rare condition initially identified within the Brazilian population. We aimed to expand clinical and genetic information about this disease, including its worldwide distribution. A multicenter historical cohort study was performed at 13 centers in Brazil in which data from index cases and their affected relatives from consecutive families with LGMD2G/R7 were reviewed from July 2017 to August 2023. Additionally, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify case reports and series of the disease worldwide. Forty-one LGMD2G/R7 cases were described in the Brazilian cohort, being all subjects homozygous for the c.157C>T/(p.Gln53*) variant in TCAP. Survival curves showed that the median disease duration before individuals required walking aids was 21 years. Notably, women exhibited a slower disease progression, requiring walking aids 13 years later than men. LGMD2G/R7 was frequently reported not only in Brazil but also in China and Bulgaria, with 119 cases identified globally, with possible founder effects in the Brazilian, Eastern European, and Asian populations. These findings are pivotal in raising awareness of LGMD2G/R7, understanding its progression, and identifying potential modifiers. This can significantly contribute to the development of future natural history studies and clinical trials for this disease.

Smartphone-based evaluation of static balance and mobility in type 2 Diabetes.

It was compared smartphone-based measurements of static balance control and mobility of elderly population with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The present cross-sectional study investigated 73 participants grouped in a control group (n = 36) and a DM2 group (n = 37). Smartphone's built in inertial sensors were used to record inertial changes of the participants during static balance and mobility (Timed Up and Go test - TUG) tasks. The inertial variations as a function of the time were analyzed and compared between groups. Both groups were matched in age, body mass index, male-female proportion, but DM2 group had significant larger fasting glucose than control group. Additionally, DM2 group had worst static balance control with open and closed eyes than the controls (p < 0.05) as well as they also had longer duration to execute the different events of the mobility test than the controls (p < 0.05). DM2 patients had decline of motor functions compared to controls and the use of bult-in sensors of smartphones was feasible to identify these functional impairments. The easy access of smartphones could be improving the screening of functional impairments in DM2 patients.

Applicability of the Neuman Systems Model to the Gerontology Nursing practice: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: to map scientific productions on the application of the Neuman Systems Model to the Nursing practice focused on health care for aged people. METHOD: a scoping review based on the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Seven electronic databases were consulted. Regarding the eligibility criteria, the following were considered: Population - Aged people; Concept - Application of the Neuman Systems Model in the Nursing practice; and Research Context - Health services. RESULTS: a total of 14 studies made up the sample. The data were analyzed and summarized into two categories: implementation of the Neuman Systems Model in hospital, institutional and outpatient settings; and use of the Neuman Systems Model in community and home environments. CONCLUSION: the application of Neuman Systems approach to the Gerontology Nursing practice, in different care scenarios, proved to be promising, considering aged people as comprehensive individuals with multiple dimensions. This perspective has shown adaptability and effectiveness in meeting the diverse needs of older adults, resulting in an improvement in their quality of life in old age.

Nursing care for hospitalized older adults - fall accidents versus safe mobility: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: to map the constituent elements of the safe mobility concept present in hospital care for older adults. METHODS: a scoping review of 35 articles searched in databases and gray literature - BDENF/VHL, Scopus, CINAHL/EBSCO, Embase, Web of Science, PEDro, MEDLINE/PubMed and CAPES Theses and Dissertations Catalog. No time or language cut-off was established. RESULTS: none of the studies presented a clear safe mobility concept, however its constituent elements involve factors related to patient (behavioral factors, conditions, diseases, signs and symptoms, nutritional status, age, balance, strength, gait quality, sleep), the institution (environment, treatment devices, guidelines, medications and polypharmacy, material and human resources and clothing/shoes) and the nature of the interventions (related to the patient, institution and family). FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the constituent elements of safe mobility express hospital units' capacity to guarantee care and protection from fall accidents for hospitalized older adults.

Cocaine/crack and cannabis use among transgender women in Goiás, Central Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Illicit drug use is a significant public health problem. Studies have shown a high prevalence of cocaine and cannabis use in transgender women (TGW). OBJECTIVE: To describe the consumption patterns of cannabis and cocaine/crack use and variables associated with their use in TGW in Central Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on TGW in Goiás, Brazil. Participants were recruited using a respondent-driven sampling method and were interviewed face-to-face about cannabis and crack-cocaine and the variables associated with them. The Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test was used to assess substance use. Unweighted logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with cannabis and crack cocaine use. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 440 transgender women participated in the study. Their median age was 25 years (interquartile range: 20.5-29.5 years). Most participants were single (85.5%) and had engaged in sex work in their lifetime (58.6%). Cannabis was reported by 68.9% and 53.4% of participants in their lifetime and in the past three months, respectively, and cocaine/crack use was reported by 59.8% and 44.1% of participants in their lifetime and the past three months, respectively. Of the participants, 10.2% reported high-risk cannabis use, and 9.1% reported high-risk cocaine/crack use. Furthermore, 35% of participants reported using both drugs. Previous physical violence (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.37), inconsistent condom uses during anal sex (AOR: 2.17), and moderate-/high-risk cocaine/crack use (AOR: 3.14) were associated with high-risk cannabis use. Previous sexual violence (AOR: 2.84), previous STI (AOR: 2.90), moderate-/high-risk cannabis (AOR: 3.82), and binge drinking (AOR; 3.28) were associated with high-risk cocaine/crack use. CONCLUSION: Our study found a high frequency, significant overlap in the use of cannabis and cocaine/crack use and violence associated with these drugs consumption among TGW, highlighting the urgent need for health policies for drug disorders among this socially marginalized group.

Comparison of plasma clearance of [51Cr]CrEDTA based on three, two and single samples to measure the glomerular filtration rate in patients with solid tumors: a prospective cross-sectional analysis.

OBJECTIVES: [51Cr]CrEDTA is used to measure the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in different clinical conditions. However, there is no consensus on the ideal number of blood samples to be taken and at what time points to measure its clearance. This study aimed to compare Slope Intercept (SI) and Single-Sample (SS) methods for measuring GFR in patients with solid tumors, stratified by age, GFR, and Body Mass Index (BMI). METHODS: 1,174 patients with cancer were enrolled in this prospective study. GFR was calculated by the SI method using blood samples drawn 2-, 4-, and 6-hours after [51Cr]CrEDTA injection (246-GFR). GFR was also measured using the SI method with samples at 2 and 4 hours (24-GFR) and at 4 and 6 hours (46-GFR), and SS methods according to Groth (4Gr-GFR) and Fleming (4Fl-GFR). Statistical analysis was performed to assess the accuracy, precision, and bias of the methods. RESULTS: Mean 246-GFR was 79.2 ± 21.9 mL/min/1.73 m2. ANOVA indicated a significant difference between 4Gr-GFR and the reference 246-GFR. Bias was lower than 5 mL/min/1.73 m2 for all methods, except for SS methods in subgroups BMI > 40 kg/m2; GFR > 105 or < 45. Precision was adequate and accuracy of 30 % was above 98% for all methods, except for SS methods in subgroup GFR < 45. CONCLUSION: 46-GFR and 246-GFR have high agreement and may be used to evaluate kidney function in patients with solid tumors. Single-sample methods can be adopted in specific situations, for non-obese patients with expected normal GFR.

Prevalence of urinary incontinence in Brazilian para athletes.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in para athletes in Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with Brazilian para athletes with physical impairments from all para sports. The data from 86 participants of both sexes (60 males and 26 females) were collected through an online survey that gathered sociodemographic data and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form, from March to July 2023. RESULTS: The prevalence of UI was 45.3% (n=39), with the average impact on quality of life scored at 6.1±3.5 on a scale of 0-10. Most para athletes reported moderate (43.5%) or severe (38.4%) symptoms. The most common type was mixed UI (46.1%), with an average of 3±1.9 episodes of urinary loss per athlete in the last 4 weeks. Adjusted Poisson regression (controlling for sex, age and level of competition) revealed that para athletes with orthopaedic impairments had a 58% lower prevalence of UI (prevalence ratio=0.42; 95% CI 0.24, 0.83) compared with those with neurological impairments. Furthermore, ordinal regression indicated that para athletes with neurological impairments were 147% more likely to experience a progression from 'severe' to 'very severe' UI (OR=2.47; 95% CI 1.59, 3.93). CONCLUSIONS: UI is highly prevalent among para athletes, particularly those with neurological impairments, underscoring the need for specialised genitourinary healthcare and the need for further treatment and monitoring of the condition. There is a critical need to raise awareness among coaches, healthcare providers and the athletes themselves about UI and its impact to foster the comprehensive well-being of these athletes.

"Nenhuma Pessoa Idosa Merece Passar por Isso": Compreensão da Violência para Mulheres Gerontes / "Ninguna Persona Adulta Mayor Merece Pasar Por Esto": Comprensión de la Violencia para las Mujeres Adultas Mayores / "No Elderly Person Deserves to Go Through This": Understanding Violence Towards Elderly Women

Resumo Introdução: A violência contra idosos é um fenômeno crescente, ocasionando prejuízos à saúde, com diferentes desfechos e consequências às vítimas. A chance de idosas sofrerem-na no âmbito familiar supera a dos homens, sendo o gênero um fator de risco considerável. Objetivo: Analisar a compreensão da violência contra pessoas idosas segundo mulheres gerontes. Metodologia: Pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida com 22 idosas de uma comunidade no estado da Paraíba, Brasil, escolhidas por conveniência. Utilizou-se para coleta de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas, processadas pelo software Iramuteq, com posterior Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: Foram evidenciadas cinco classes: ciclo de violência; rede de apoio ao idoso vítima de violência; Vivência de situações violentas; violência financeira; e simbologia da violência na sociedade, as quais denotam compreensão da violência envolvendo os diferentes tipos. Apoiam-se nos fatores da vivência familiar, cultura e outros, consubstanciando o profissional de saúde como fundamental para o desfecho. O gênero influenciou no que concerne ao olhar lançado sobre a violência física e psicológica, bem como na relevância dada às equipes de saúde para identificação de ocorrências e prevenção de possíveis danos. Conclusão: Os diversos tipos de violência contra a pessoa idosa foram reconhecidos, incluindo fatores individuais, comunitários e sociais no ciclo violento. Além disso, associaram o envelhecimento a maior suscetibilidade para sofrer violência, independente da tipologia. Destaca-se a potencialidade do serviço de saúde na assistência à pessoa idosa vítima de violência, elucidando casos e atuando precocemente para interrupção dos ciclos perpetrados, exigindo a necessidade constante de atualização profissional para lidar com situações detectadas.

Resumen Introducción: La violencia contra las personas adultas mayores es un fenómeno creciente, que causa daños a la salud, con diferentes desenlaces y consecuencias para las víctimas. La posibilidad de que las mujeres adultas mayores la sufran en el ámbito familiar supera la de los hombres, siendo el género un factor de riesgo considerable. Objetivo: Analizar la comprensión de la violencia contra las personas mayores según las mujeres adultas mayores. Metodología: Investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo desarrollada con 22 mujeres adultas mayores de una comunidad en el estado de Paraíba, Brasil, elegidas por conveniencia. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, procesadas por el software Iramuteq, con posterior análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se evidenciaron cinco tipos de violencia: ciclo de la violencia, red de apoyo población adulta mayor víctima de violencia, experimentar situaciones violentas, violencia financiera y simbología de la violencia en la sociedad, que denotan la comprensión de la violencia de diferentes tipos. Estas ideas están respaldadas en los factores de la experiencia familiar, la cultura y otros, donde la persona profesional de la salud se identifica como fundamental para el cuidado y apoyo. El género influyó en la mirada lanzada sobre la violencia física y psicológica, así como en la relevancia dada a los equipos de salud para la identificación de sucesos y la prevención de posibles daños. Conclusión: Se han reconocido los diversos tipos de violencia contra las personas mayores, incluidos los factores individuales, comunitarios y sociales en el ciclo de violencia. Además, asociaron el envejecimiento con una mayor susceptibilidad a sufrir violencia, independientemente de la tipología. Destaca la potencialidad del servicio de salud en la asistencia a la persona mayor víctima de violencia, mediante la identificación de casos y la actuación temprana para la interrupción de los ciclos perpetrados. De manera que, se evidencia la necesidad constante de actualización profesional para hacer frente a situaciones detectadas.

Abstract Introduction: Violence against the elderly is a growing phenomenon, causing damage to health, with different outcomes and consequences to the victims. The possibility of elderly women suffering it in the family context surpasses that of men, with gender being a considerable risk factor. Objective: To analyze the understanding of violence against the elderly according to elderly women. Method: Descriptive research with a qualitative approach developed with 22 elderly women from a community in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, chosen for convenience. The data collection was based on semi-structured interviews, processed by the Iramuteq software, with subsequent Content Analysis. Results: Five classes of violence against the elderly were evidenced: cycle of violence; support network for the elderly victims of violence; experience of violent situations; financial violence; and symbolism of violence in society, which denote an understanding of violence involving the different types. They are based on the factors of family experience, culture, and others, placing the health professional as a fundamental element for care and support. Gender influenced the perspective on physical and psychological violence, as well as the relevance given to health teams for the identification of occurrences and the prevention of possible damage. Conclusion: The various types of violence against the elderly have been recognized, including individual, community, and social factors in the violent cycle. In addition, they associated aging with greater susceptibility to suffering violence, regardless of the typology. It highlights the potential of the health service in assisting the elderly victim of violence, elucidating cases, and acting early to interrupt the cycles perpetrated, requiring the constant need for professional updating to deal with detected situations.

Comparison of the vertical accuracy of satellite-based correction service and the PPK GNSS method for obtaining sensor positions on a multibeam bathymetric survey.

The MarineStar Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) augmentation services are widely used in bathymetric surveys to obtain the sensor position. The postprocessed kinematic (PPK) GNSS method can be used to obtain more accurate positions. Therefore, the present work aims to verify the vertical final accuracies and uncertainties of exclusive order multibeam hydrographic surveys using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as a horizontal positioning tool through methods such MarineStar services and PPK relative positioning, with comparisons between the two methods based on the results of the hydrographic base created. We produced two surfaces with each method, representing the minimum and maximum depths of the bathymetry point cloud. A statistical analysis of the differences between the depth surfaces obtained with the two methods was carried out. When comparing the two surfaces using the PPK method, the difference was less than 10 cm at 95.1% of the points. When comparing the two surfaces to those of the MarineStar, the difference between the maximum and minimum depths was less than 10 cm at 93.1% of the points. The results suggest that using the same survey data, the products obtained with the PPK method would comply with the hydrographic standards, while the MarineStar products would not.

Intra and Inter-Device Reliabilities of the Instrumented Timed-Up and Go Test Using Smartphones in Young Adult Population.

The Timed-Up and Go (TUG) test is widely utilized by healthcare professionals for assessing fall risk and mobility due to its practicality. Currently, test results are based solely on execution time, but integrating technological devices into the test can provide additional information to enhance result accuracy. This study aimed to assess the reliability of smartphone-based instrumented TUG (iTUG) parameters. We conducted evaluations of intra- and inter-device reliabilities, hypothesizing that iTUG parameters would be replicable across all experiments. A total of 30 individuals participated in Experiment A to assess intra-device reliability, while Experiment B involved 15 individuals to evaluate inter-device reliability. The smartphone was securely attached to participants' bodies at the lumbar spine level between the L3 and L5 vertebrae. In Experiment A, subjects performed the TUG test three times using the same device, with a 5 min interval between each trial. Experiment B required participants to perform three trials using different devices, with the same time interval between trials. Comparing stopwatch and smartphone measurements in Experiment A, no significant differences in test duration were found between the two devices. A perfect correlation and Bland-Altman analysis indicated good agreement between devices. Intra-device reliability analysis in Experiment A revealed significant reliability in nine out of eleven variables, with four variables showing excellent reliability and five showing moderate to high reliability. In Experiment B, inter-device reliability was observed among different smartphone devices, with nine out of eleven variables demonstrating significant reliability. Notable differences were found in angular velocity peak at the first and second turns between specific devices, emphasizing the importance of considering device variations in inertial measurements. Hence, smartphone inertial sensors present a valid, applicable, and feasible alternative for TUG assessment.

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2 infection among prisoners of a major penitentiary complex of Goiás State, Central-West Brazil.

Introduction: Studies on human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) infection are scarce in incarcerated population. Therefore, this study estimated the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among prisoners of the major penitentiary complex of Goiás State, Central-West Brazil, comparing it with available data from other Brazilian regions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 910 prisoners of the major penitentiary complex in the State of Goiás, Central-West Brazil. All participants were interviewed, and their serum samples were tested for anti-HTLV-1/2 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Murex HTLV-I + II, DiaSorin, Dartford, UK). Seropositive samples were submitted for confirmation by a line immunoassay (INNO-LIA HTLV I/II, Fujirebio, Europe N.V., Belgium). Results: The majority of participants were males (83.1%), between 25 and 39 years old (56.1%; mean age: 31.98 years), self-reported brown ethnicity (56.2%) and reported 9 years or less of formal education (41.4%). Most reported using non-injectable illicit drugs and various sexual behaviors that present risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The prevalence of anti-HTLV-1/2 was 0.33% (95% CI: 0.07-0.96), HTLV-1 (0.22%) and HTLV-2 (0.11%). The two HTLV-1 seropositive prisoners reported high-risk sexual behaviors, and the HTLV-2 seropositive individual was breastfed during childhood (> 6 months) by her mother and three other women. Conclusion: These data revealed a relatively low seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 in prisoners in Central-West Brazil, and evidence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 circulation in the major penitentiary complex of Goiás State. Given the prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviors, there is a crucial need to intensify education and health programs in prisons to effectively control and prevent HTLV-1/2 and other STIs.

Salivary immunoglobulin levels and periodontal indices in Brazilian children with and without type 1 diabetes.

This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between salivary immunoglobulins, plaque index, and gingival index in Brazilian children with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for the reporting of observational studies was followed. The DM1 group had 38 children, and an equal number of volunteers matched by sex and age were recruited as controls. Clinical examination was performed for plaque index and gingival index determination. Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected. Concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM were determined by ELISA test. Data were tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman tests and a multiple linear regression model (p<0.05) was performed. Gingival index was higher in the Control (DM1: 0.16±0.17; Control: 0.24±0.23, p=0.040). In DM1, there was a correlation between IgA and age (rho=0.371, p=0.024), IgM and IgG (rho=0.459, p=0.007), and IgM and gingival index (rho=0.394, p=0.014). In DM1, multiple linear regression showed that age (p=0.041; ß=0.363), gingival index (p=0.041; ß=0.398), and plaque index (p=0.008; ß=-0.506) were good predictors of IgA levels in saliva. Thus, IgA was the only researched immunoglobulin that was directly associated with plaque and gingival indices in Brazilian children with DM1, but not in control subjects.

Álbum seriado acolher educando sobre classificação de risco / Serial album host educating on risk classification / Anfitrión de álbumes en serie que educa sobre la clasificación de riesgos

Objetivo: relatar a produção de uma tecnologia educacional sobre classificação de risco para sistematizar o processo de trabalho educativo de equipes de saúde que atuam em unidades de urgência e emergência. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência referente a produção de uma tecnologia educacional, desenvolvida entre dezembro de 2019 a novembro de 2020. Resultados: A experiência foi descrita a partir de duas trajetórias: revisão narrativa da literatura e produção da tecnologia educacional. Utilizou-se como estratégia metodológica a produção de tecnologia baseada em evidências. Da revisão narrativa da literatura emergiram sete temas geradores; da produção, materializou-se uma tecnologia educacional, do tipo álbum seriado, com onze páginas, organizado em vinte tópicos, para ser utilizado em unidades de urgência e emergência, com vistas a sensibilizar os usuários sobre a classificação de risco. Conclusão: a produção baseada em evidências de tecnologias educacionais é uma estratégia a ser ampliada na enfermagem, com vistas a sistematizar a assistência de enfermagem de forma segura e com qualidade. (AU)

Objective: to report the production of an educational technology on risk classification to systematize the educational work process of health teams working in urgency and emergency units. Methods: this is a descriptive study, of the experience report type, referring to the production of an educational technology, developed from December 2019 to November 2020. Results: The experience was described from two trajectories: narrative literature review and production of educational technology. The production of evidence-based technology was used as a methodological strategy. From the narrative review of the literature, seven generative themes emerged; After the production, an educational technology was materialized, of the serial album type, with eleven pages, organized in twenty topics, to be used in urgency and emergency units, with a view to sensitizing users about risk classification. Conclusion: evidence-based production of educational technologies is a strategy to be expanded in nursing, with a view to systematizing nursing care safely and with quality. (AU)

Objetivo: informar sobre la producción de una tecnología educativa en clasificación de riesgos para sistematizar el proceso de trabajo educativo de los equipos de salud que trabajan en las unidades de urgencia y emergencia. Metodos: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, del tipo relato de experiencia, referido a la producción de una tecnología educativa, desarrollado de diciembre de 2019 a noviembre de 2020. Resultados: La experiencia se describió a partir de dos trayectorias: revisión de literatura narrativa y producción de tecnología educativa. La producción de tecnología basada en evidencia se utilizó como estrategia metodológica. De la revisión narrativa de la literatura surgieron siete temas generativos; Luego de la producción, se materializó una tecnología educativa, tipo álbum serial, de once páginas, organizadas en veinte temas, para ser utilizadas en unidades de urgencia y emergencia, con miras a sensibilizar a los usuarios sobre la clasificación de riesgo. Conclusión: la producción basada en evidencia de tecnologías educativas es una estrategia a expandir en enfermería, con miras a sistematizar la atención de enfermería de manera segura y con calidad. (AU)

Planar Printed Structures Based on Matryoshka Geometries: A Review.

A review on planar printed structures that are based on Matryoshka-like geometries is presented. These structures use the well-known principle of Matryoshka dolls that are successively nested inside each other. The well-known advantages of the planar printed technology and of the meandered nested Matryoshka geometries are combined to generate miniaturized, multi-resonance, and/or wideband configurations. Both metal and complementary slot structures are considered. Closed and open configurations were analyzed. The working principles were explored in order to obtain physical insight into their behavior. Low-cost and single-layer applications as frequency-selective surfaces, filters, antennas, and sensors, in the microwave frequency region, were reviewed. Potential future research perspectives and new applications are then discussed.