The Emotional States Elicited in a Human Tower Performance: Case Study.

Human Towers are one of the most representative traditional sporting games in Catalonia, recognized in 2010 as Intangible Cultural Heritage by the United Nations Organization for Education, Science and Culture (UNESCO). The objective of this research was to study the emotional states (well-being, discomfort, and affectivity) elicited by a representative performance of the colla de Castellers de Lleida. This research is based on an ethnographic case study, with mixed methods in which 17 key informants (castellers) voluntarily participated. Participant observation was used; the data were recorded in a field diary and oral sources (semi-structured interviews). The content analysis was done using the Atlas.ti software (version 8.4.4). An SPSS database was also created. The statistical techniques were: Descriptive statistical techniques, cross tables with Pearson's Chi-square values (significance level of p < 0.05). We also used a classification and regression trees (CRT) to examine the predictive capacity of five independent variables (data source, logic, semantic units; contexts of a performance) of emotional states. The results reveal that the comments (n = 132) were mostly oriented toward well-being states (n = 70; 53%), The internal cooperative logic of the Human Towers enhances the intense interpersonal relationships of socio-emotional well-being.

The Transformation of Conflicts into Relational Well-Being in Physical Education: GIAM Model.

To educate the relational well-being in order to learn to live together in society is one of the main needs of modern physical education (PE). Teachers are in need of pedagogical models to instruct peaceful coexistence and transform possible conflicts into PE. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of a pedagogical model (GIAM model) designed for conflict transformation on the relational well-being of students in obligatory secondary school (ESO in Spain). This study was an empirical research (associative strategy, comparative study using mixed methods). A number of 287 valid students (M = 14.90; SD = 0.66) participated in this study from 4 different secondary schools (SSs): third ESO (SS1 (n = 75); SS3 (n = 45); SS4 (n = 86)) and fourth ESO (SS2 (n = 81)). A sequence of seven learning sessions was conducted, the intervention of the teachers on the GIAM model and the student's motivational climate perception caused by this learning sequence was analyzed. The teachers who best adapted their intervention to the GIAM model obtained greater significant changes (p < 0.005) in favor of the relational well-being of their students. This research provides scientific evidence and intervention strategies for students to learn how to transform the conflicts, adopting a collaborating style based on reflection-for, -in- and on-motor action.

Traditional Sporting Games as Emotional Communities: The Case of Alcover and Moll's Catalan-Valencian-Balearic Dictionary.

Learning to live together is the central concern of education everywhere in the world (UNESCO). Traditional sporting games (TSGs) provide interpersonal experiences that shape miniature communities charged with emotional meanings. The objective of this study was to analyze the ethnomotor features of TSG (relationship between the internal characteristics of the TSG and sociocultural variables) in three Catalan-speaking Autonomous Communities and to interpret them for constructing emotional communities. The study followed a phenomenological-interpretative paradigm. The identification of TSG was done by a hermeneutic methodological approach by using an exhaustive exploratory documentary research. We studied 503 games collected in the Dictionary Català-Valencià-Balear de Alcover and Moll (1926-1963). Instruments and procedure: A database was built up with information about the internal and external logic of the games. The validity of the information was confirmed by means of a concordance test between the researchers. Data processing was carried out by means of classification trees (inferential level), identifying the predictive variables of the types of TSG. Most of the TSGs were sociomotor games (n = 405/503; 80.5%). The classification tree identified four explanatory variables. Three variables were internal traits (body contact, material, and score), and one variable corresponded to external logic (age). Features of the TSG of the Catalan-speaking Autonomous Communities build original emotional communities. The ethnomotor regularities triggered emotional experiences associated with pleasure for (a) living together (predominance of sociomotor games); (b) domesticating of aggressiveness over opponents (different motor licit aggressiveness); (c) developing sustainability (presence and absence of objects from the surrounding environment); (d) educating the competition (games with and without final score); and (e) interpersonal well-being based on the community (transmission of ludic culture from children to young TSG).

La incidencia de las situaciones psicomotrices de expresión sobre los estados de ánimo de los estudiantes universitarios / The incidence of psychomotor situations of expression about the state of mind of university students / A incidência de situações de expressão psicomotora sobre os humores de estudantes universitarios

La actividad física en general y los juegos motores en particular, se han mostrado como desencadenantes de reacciones emocionales positivas que tienden a mejorar los estados de ánimo de los participantes, contribuyendo a su bienestar emocional. Las actividades expresivas han sido tradicionalmente discriminadas en los planes de estudio a pesar de su capacidad de poner en funcionamiento mecanismos muy particulares y sensiblemente diferentes a otro tipo de actividades más usualmente utilizadas en las sesiones de Educación Física como pueden ser los Deportes. Dicha discriminación frente a otro tipo de propuestas puede deberse a la falta de formación específica de los profesionales o a la asociación entre este tipo de actividades y "lo femenino". El presente estudio analizó el impacto que sobre los estados de ánimo supuso la práctica de un total de 10 juegos psicomotores de contenido expresivo. Se compararon los valores otorgados a las diferentes categorías del POMS al inicio y al final de las sesiones y organizando a los participantes en grupos mixtos y en grupos de género único. Los resultados muestran que al intervenir en situaciones psicomotrices de expresión tanto varones como mujeres mejoran el estado de ánimo. Aunque el comportamiento es más similar en todos los estados de ánimo cuando participan en grupos mixtos. Se anima a los profesionales a abordar este tipo de actividades sin los prejuicios que de antemano suelen tenerse con respecto a su componente femenino

Physical activity in general and motor games in particular have been shown to trigger positive emotional reactions that tend to improve participants' moods, contributing to their emotional well-being. Expressive activities have traditionally been discriminated in curricula despite their ability to put into operation very particular and significantly different mechanisms to other types of activities more commonly used in Physical Education sessions such as Sports. Such discrimination against other types of proposals may be due to the lack of specific training of professionals or to the association between this type of activities and the "feminine". The present study analyzed the impact on moods of a total of 10 psychomotor games with expressive content. The values assigned to the different POMS categories were compared at the beginning and end of the sessions and the participants were organized in mixed groups and in single gender groups. The results show that when intervening in psychomotor situations of expression both men and women improve the mood. Although the behavior is most similar in all moods when participating in mixed groups. Professionals are encouraged to tackle this type of activity without the prejudices that tend to prevail over their female component

A atividade física em geral e os jogos motores em particular, mostraram-se como desencadeadores de reações emocionais positivas que tendem a melhorar os estados de humor dos participantes, contribuindo ao seu bem-estar emocional. As atividades expressivas foram tradicionalmente discriminadas nos planos de estudos apesar da sua capacidade de colocar em funcionamento mecanismos muito particulares e sensivelmente diferentes a outro tipo de atividades mais usualmente utilizada nas sessões de Educação Física como podem ser os Esportes. Esta discriminação frente a outro tipo de propostas pode ser devido à falta de formação específfica dos proffesionais ou da associação entre esse tipo de atividade e a feminilidade. O presente estudo analisou o impacto que sobre os estados de humor implicou a prática de um total de 10 jogos psicomotores de conteúdo expressivo. Compararam-se os valores atribuídos às diferentes categorias do POMS no início e no ffinal das sessões e os participantes foram organizados em grupos mistos e em grupos de gênero único. Os resultados mostram que, ao intervir em situações psicomotoras de expressão, tanto homens como mulheres melhoram o estado de humor. Embora o comportamento seja mais semelhante em todos os estados de humor quando participam de grupos mistos. Anima-se aos proffesionais a abordar esse tipo de atividades sem os preconceitos que de antemão costumam ter-se em relação ao seu componente feminino