Loyola Generativity Scale e Generative Behavior Checklist: Um estudo psicométrico com idosos espanhóis LGBT+ / Loyola Generativity Scale and Generative Behavior Checklist: A Psychometric Study with Spanish LGBT+ Older Adults / Loyola Generativity Scale y Generative Behavior Checklist: Un estudio psicométrico con personas mayores españolas LGBT+

Resumo Enquadramento: A generatividade tem sido associada à resiliência e à satisfação com a vida na velhice, incluindo entre a população lésbica, gay, bissexual e transgénero (LGBT+) mais velha. Objetivo: Analisar as propriedades psicométricas da Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS) e da Generative Behavior Checklist (GBC) para idosos espanhóis LGBT + (com mais de 50 anos). Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo psicométrico com 141 idosos espanhóis LGBT+ com o objetivo de examinar a validade de construto (análise fatorial exploratória), a validade convergente e a fiabilidade (consistência interna) da LGS e da GBC. Resultados: Os métodos de análise paralela e a análise fatorial exploratória sugeriram um modelo de dois fatores para ambos os instrumentos com boa adequação da amostra. A LGS explicou 45,1% da variância e apresentou uma consistência interna de 0,78. O GBC explicou 41,76% da variância e apresentou uma consistência interna de 0,879. Foi encontrada uma correlação positiva e estatisticamente significativa entre a satisfação com a vida e as escalas generativas. Foi também observada uma correlação positiva e significativa (rs = 0,310) entre os dois instrumentos. Conclusão: Ambos os instrumentos demonstraram ser válidos e fiáveis para medir a generatividade em idosos espanhóis LGBT+.

Abstract Background: Generativity has been associated with resilience and life satisfaction in older age, including among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT+) older adults. Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS) and Generative Behavior Checklist (GBC) for Spanish LGBT+ older adults (over the age of 50). Methodology: A psychometric study was conducted with 141 Spanish LGBT+ older adults to examine the construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), convergent validity, and reliability (internal consistency) of the LGS and the GBC. Results: Parallel and exploratory factor analyses suggested a two-factor model with good sample adequacy for both scales. The LGS explained 45.1% of the variance and had an internal consistency of 0.78. The GBC explained 41.76 % of the variance and had an internal consistency of 0.879. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between life satisfaction and the generative scales. A positive and significant correlation (rs = 0.310) was also observed between both instruments. Conclusion: Both instruments proved valid and reliable for measuring generativity in Spanish LGBT+ older adults.

Resumen Marco contextual: La generatividad se asocia con la resiliencia y la satisfacción con la vida en la vejez, incluidas las de las personas adultas lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transexuales (LGBT+). Objetivo: Examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS) y la Generative Behavior Checklist (GBC) en adultos mayores LGBT+ españoles (mayores de 50 años). Metodología: Estudio psicométrico con 141 adultos mayores LGBT+. Se analizó la validez de constructo (análisis factorial exploratorio), la validez convergente y la consistencia interna de cada escala. Resultado: Los análisis factoriales paralelos y exploratorios sugieren un modelo bifactorial para ambas escalas con una buena adecuación a la muestra. La LGS explica el 45,1% de la varianza y tiene una consistencia interna de 0,78. La GBC explica el 41,76% de la varianza y tiene una consistencia interna de 0,879. Se encontró una correlación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre la satisfacción con la vida y las escalas de generatividad. Las dos escalas mostraron una correlación positiva y significativa (rs = 0,310). Conclusión: Ambas escalas han demostrado ser válidas y fiables para medir la generatividad en adultos mayores LGBT+ españoles.

The Impact of Morphological Awareness on Reading and Spelling / O Impacto da Consciência Morfológica na Leitura e na Ortografia

ABSTRACT: Morphological awareness is characterized by the ability to intentionally reflect and manipulate morphemes. The present study aimed to characterize the development of morphological awareness in school-age children and to analyze its impact on reading and spelling. The sample was comprised of 60 children with typical language development in Portuguese primary schools with a mean age of 8.6 (standard deviation = 0.1), 30of which attended the 2nd grade and 30 the 4th grade. The data was analyzed considering the use of language assessment instruments, reading and spelling and morphological awareness tests adapted from other studies. The results showed a significant difference in morphological awareness between the 2nd grade and the 4th grade. Although with different statistical proportions, there was a positive correlation between morphological awareness and reading, and between this metalinguistic capacity and spelling in both groups. An association is suggested between morphological awareness and reading and spelling and a difference in this correlation between the two degrees.

RESUMO: A consciência morfológica é caracterizada pela capacidade de refletir e manipular intencionalmente os morfemas. O presente estudo visou caracterizar o desenvolvimento da consciência morfológica em crianças em idade escolar e analisar o seu impacto na leitura e na ortografia. A amostra foi composta por 60 crianças portuguesas com desenvolvimento linguístico típico a frequentar o 1º ciclo do Ensino Básico, com uma média de idades de 8,6 anos (desvio padrão = 0.1), 30 das quais frequentam o 2º ano e 30 o 4º ano. Os dados foram analisados com recurso a instrumentos de avaliação linguística, leitura e ortografia e testes de consciência morfológica adaptados de outros estudos. Os resultados mostraram uma diferença significativa na consciência morfológica entre o 2º ano e o 4º ano. Embora com diferentes proporções estatísticas, houve uma correlação positiva entre consciência morfológica e leitura, e entre esta capacidade metalinguística e ortográfica em ambos os grupos. É sugerida uma associação entre consciência morfológica e leitura e ortografia e uma diferença nesta correlação entre os dois anos de escolaridade.

The Effects of the Pragmatic Intervention Programme in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Language Disorder.

PURPOSE: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) frequently face pragmatic impairments which may result in learning, socialization, and mental health difficulties, therefore early intervention is crucial. In Portugal, the Pragmatic Intervention Programme (PICP) has been recently developed and validated, but its effects are unknown. This study aims to determine the effects of the PICP on preschool-age children with ASD or DLD with pragmatic impairments. METHODS: A non-randomized controlled trial has been conducted. The children (n = 20) were assigned to the intervention (n = 11) or the control group (waiting list) (n = 9). Each child attended 24 PICP-based intervention sessions provided by a Speech and Language Therapist in kindergarten. The primary outcome measure was a Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) rated by parents and kindergarten teachers. Secondary outcomes include parent/teacher-reported communication skills (Escala de Avaliação de Competências Comunicativas) and an assessment of the child's general language ability (Teste de Linguagem-Avaliação da Linguagem Pré-Escolar). RESULTS: GAS results show that all the children in the intervention group made progress. Statistically significant differences between pre- and post-intervention assessments were found for all secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The main findings suggest that the PICP improves language in preschool-age children with ASD and DLD with pragmatic difficulties. Further research is needed to analyse the effects of the PICP for each neurodevelopmental disorder individually. These results are crucial and will contribute to future research and evidence-based practice.

Musculoskeletal Multisite Pain and Patterns of Association After Adjusting for Sleep, Physical Activity, and Screen Time in Adolescents.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe how pain at multiple body sites is associated after controlling for other predictive factors such as age, sex, sleeping hours, time spent in physical activity, and time spent in screening based activities in adolescents aged 13 to 19 years. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The prevalence of multisite pain in adolescents is high, but studies investigating the patterns of association between painful body sites are scarce. METHODS: Pain for the last 3 months was assessed using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. In addition, data on time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity, sleeping, and in screen based activities were also assessed. RESULTS: In univariable analysis of associations, there is a significant association between most painful body sites (odds ratio [OR\ between 1.52 and 3.73, P < 0.05). After controlling for age, sex, physical activity, sleep and screen time, most of the previous associations remain significant (OR between 1.50 and 3.07, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study's results seem to suggest that pain at one body site is more important in determining multiple painful body sites than demographic or lifestyle factors. Longitudinal studies exploring the association and chronology of multisite pain are needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

Chronic pain in high school students is associated with physical activity and sleeping hours but not with screen time.

Background Existing studies on the association between physical activity (PA), screen based time and sleeping show conflicting results. Objective This study investigates the association between chronic pain at different body regions and self-reported PA, screen based time and sleeping hours in high school students. Subjects A total of 969 students aged 13-19 years old. Methods Participants completed a questionnaire on chronic pain, time spent in moderate and vigorous PA, screen based time watching televivsion (TV)/digital versatile discs (DVD), playing, using mobile phones and computers and sleeping hours. Univariate and multivariate associations between pain and PA, screen based time and sleeping hours were investigated. Results In the univariate model time spent in moderate and vigorous PA, in screen based activities and sleeping were associated with pain in at least one body site. In the multivariate model, screen based activities were not associated with pain; sleeping 7 h or less and increased time in moderate PA were associated with pain at almost all body sites [odds ratio (OR) between 2.69-3.66 and 1.06-1.10, respectively]. Conclusion Time spent in PA and sleeping increased the risk of chronic pain in almost all body regions and might confound the association between screen based time and pain.