DHA and EPA in Sickle Cell Disease Favor Clinical Improvement and Contribute to Better Quality of Life: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease is a severe genetic disorder, and searching for therapeutic strategies is indispensable for prolonged and improved life for people affected by this condition. OBJECTIVE: This qualitative systematic review aimed to highlight the therapeutic potential of omega- 3 (n-3) in people with sickle cell disease. METHODS: The search was performed by combining sickle cell disease and n-3 descriptors in DeCS/ MeSH databases, including Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library. The risk of bias assessment in the primary studies was performed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials. The evidence quality was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. RESULTS: From the 187 records identified, seven were selected for data collection. Based on the evidence, n-3 supplementation contributes to lower activation of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, improves the concentration of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids in the erythrocyte membrane, provides better hemostatic response, and helps in vaso-occlusive crisis, pain episodes, and hospitalization reduction. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that n-3 adjuvant therapy favors the clinical and general aspects of people with sickle cell disease.

Ayahuasca and its major component harmine promote antinociceptive effects in mouse models of acute and chronic pain.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ayahuasca (AYA) is a psychedelic brew used in religious ceremonies. It is broadly used as a sacred medicine for treating several ailments, including pain of various origins. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the antinociceptive effects of AYA and its mechanisms in preclinical models of acute and chronic pain in mice, in particular during experimental neuropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antinociceptive effects of AYA administered orally were assessed in the following models of pain: formalin test, Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation, tail flick test, and partial sciatic nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain. Antagonism assays and Fos immunohistochemistry in the brain were performed. AYA-induced toxicity was investigated. AYA was chemically characterized. The antinociceptive effect of harmine, the major component present in AYA, was investigated. RESULTS: AYA (24-3000 µL/kg) dose-dependently reduced formalin-induced pain-like behaviors and CFA-induced mechanical allodynia but did not affect CFA-induced paw edema or tail flick latency. During experimental neuropathy, single treatments with AYA (24-3000 µL/kg) reduced mechanical allodynia; daily treatments once or twice a day for 14 days promoted consistent and sustained antinociception. The antinociceptive effect of AYA (600 µL/kg) was reverted by bicuculline (1 mg/kg) and methysergide (5 mg/kg), but not by naloxone (5 mg/kg), phaclofen (2 mg/kg), and rimonabant (10 mg/kg), suggesting the roles of GABAA and serotonergic receptors. AYA increased Fos expression in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and nucleus raphe magnus after 1 h, but not after 6 h or 14 days of daily treatments. AYA (600 µL/kg) twice a day for 14 days did not alter mice's motor function, spontaneous locomotion, body weight, food and water intake, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters. Harmine (3.5 mg/kg) promoted consistent antinociception during experimental neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS: AYA promotes consistent antinociceptive effects in different mouse models of pain without inducing detectable toxic effects. Harmine is at least partially accountable for the antinociceptive properties of AYA.

Responses to graded levels of zinc amino acid complex in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in fish development and physiology. This study aimed to evaluate the effects on growth and health in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) supplemented with graded levels of zinc amino acid complex (Zn-AA) and subjected to transport stress. Nile tilapia (21.78 ± 0.17 g; (n = 12 fish per tank; stocking density of 1.045 kg- 3) were fed with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg Zn-AA kg- 1 (equivalent to 77.49, 102.69, 127.89, 153.09, or 178.29 mg Zn kg- 1) in extruded diets (280 g kg- 1 digestible protein; isoproteic and isocaloric) for 60 days. At the end of the experimental period, after growth performance measurements, the fish were transported by car for 3 h, and blood collection was performed. The linear regression showed that the best growth performance (final weight, final biomass, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed intake) was found in fish fed with 100 mg Zn-AA kg diet- 1 (p < 0.05). The increased dietary Zn-AA increased linearly plasma triglyceride levels, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and leukocyte values and reduced plasma total protein, cholesterol (total and LDL), and aspartate aminotransferase levels (p < 0.05). According to quadratic regression, the highest plasma glucose and alanine aminotransferase values were found in the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, 100 mg Zn-AA kg diet- 1 is recommended for Nile tilapia as it can improve their growth, metabolism, physiology, and immunity.

Suspicious of Acute Kidney Graft Rejection: Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics Under Methylprednisolone Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Acute rejection remains one of the main complications in the first months after transplantation and may influence long-term outcomes. Tacrolimus has proven its usefulness in solid organ transplants and its monitoring through the application of pharmacokinetic concepts to optimize individual drug therapy. OBJECTIVE: This research proposes to evaluate the tacrolimus pharmacokinetic parameters in patients suspected of acute kidney graft rejection under methylprednisolone pulse therapy. METHODS: Eleven adult tacrolimus-treated renal recipients were selected from a prospective, single-arm, single-center cohort study, with suspicion of acute rejection although in use of methylprednisolone pulses therapy. They were followed up for three months posttransplantation, being tacrolimus trough serum concentrations determined using a chemiluminescent magnetic immunoassay, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by using a nonlinear mixed-effects model implemented by Monolix 2020R1. A tacrolimus trough serum concentration range of 8 to 12 ng.mL-1 was considered therapeutic. RESULTS: Six patients showed acute cellular rejection, and two of them in addition had an antibody- mediated rejection. Tacrolimus trough serum concentration was below the reference range in eight patients. Most patients showed a high tacrolimus concentration intrapatient and pharmacokinetic parameters variability. CONCLUSION: The obtained pharmacokinetics parameters helped in understanding the kidney recipient patients' tacrolimus behavior, assisting in the improvement of individual drug therapy and reducing the risk of acute rejection episodes.

Renal functional and structural alterations induced by intramuscular injection of Bothrops leucurus venom.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the main cause of death from Bothrops snakebite. Although many studies have investigated the nephrotoxicity induced by other Bothrops species, no study has assessed the renal alterations induced by intramuscular (i.m.) injection of Bothrops leucurus venom. In this study, we evaluated the nephrotoxicity induced by B. leucurus venom by analyzing renal function and histology. Wistar rats were submitted to i. m. injection of B. leucurus venom or saline and divided into two groups: Control group (C), rats submitted to i. m. injections of saline, and B. leucurus group (Bl), rats submitted to i. m. injections of B. leucurus venom (1 mg/kg). After venom or saline injection, serum and urine were collected to measure creatinine, albumin, sodium, and potassium levels. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary flow urinary, creatinine/serum creatinine ratio, and albuminuria-urinary creatinine ratio were determined. All rats were euthanized 72 h following the injections, and the kidneys were removed for histology and immunohistochemical studies. B. leucurus experimental envenoming was accompanied by an increase of 236% in serum creatine kinase activity in the Bl group. The weights of the right and left kidneys were, respectively, 26 and 22% higher in rats of the Bl group than in control rats. Regarding renal function, the Bl group showed a decrease of 37% in GFR compared to control group. The rats of the Bl group also presented increased cortical (8.20 ± 1.35) and medullar (6.17 ± 2.00) tubulointerstitial lesion area when compared to control group (0.02 ± 0.00) (1.20 ± 0.73), respectively. The number of macrophages was also higher in the renal cortex (6.66 ± 0.06) and medulla (1.22 ± 0.10) of rats from the Bl group when compared to control rats (1.04 ± 0.55), (0.65 ± 0.10), respectively. Our results indicate that B. leucurus venom promoted significant histological and functional renal alterations following intramuscular inoculation, which simulates the majority of snakebites observed in the clinical practice.

Changes in serum amyloid A, plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I as useful biomarkers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Introduction. In recent years, cholesterol has received interest in the study of infection due to evidence of a relationship between low plasma cholesterol levels and tuberculosis (TB).Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Plasma lipid profiles of serum amyloid A (SAA), apolipoprotein A-I and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are biomarkers associated with symptomatic TB patients.Objective. We aimed to evaluate plasma lipid profiles of apolipoprotein A-I, SAA and the size of HDL as biomarkers to diagnose symptomatic TB patients.Methodology. Patients with TB symptoms attending the Instituto Brasileiro para a Investigação da Tuberculose/Fundação José Silveira (IBIT/FJS) between September 2015 and August 2016 for diagnosis of TB were studied. From 129 patients, 97 were classified as pulmonary TB and 32 as negative-bacilloscopy (non-TB group). Medical history, fasting serum and plasma were obtained. Total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, apolipoprotein A-I and SAA were measured by enzymatic or immunochemical reaction assays. HDL size was measured by laser light-scattering.Results. In TB patients, TC (147.0±37 vs. 168±44 mg dL-1), HDL-C (37±14 vs. 55±18 mg dL-1) and apolipoprotein A-I (102±41 vs. 156±47 mg dL-1) concentrations were lower (P<0.0001), while HDL particle size (10.16±1.02 vs. 9.62±0.67 nm) and SAA levels (280±36 vs. 19±8 mg L-1) were higher (P<0.0001). Using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis for predicting TB, the cutoff values were <83.85 mg L-1 for SAA (sensitivity=96.88 %, specificity=78.43 %, P<0.0001), >44.50 mg dL-1 for HDL-C (sensitivity=75 %, specificity=72.16 %, P<0.001) and >118.5 mg dL-1 for apolipoprotein A-I (sensitivity=83.83 %, specificity=72.22 %, P<0.001).Conclusion. SAA, HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I are associated with TB infection and could be used as laboratory biomarkers, especially in patients who are negative for alcohol-acid-resistant bacilli.

Medo da covid-19 e sofrimento psicológico: o efeito mediador da "infoxicação" durante a pandemia

Durante a pandemia, o medo da covid-19 afetou a vida das pessoas, principalmente associado à infoxicação, que corresponde ao consumo excessivo de conteúdos que comprometem a capacidade de absorção e de filtragem quanto à relevância e à veracidade deles. A presente pesquisa objetivou verificar o papel mediador da infoxicação na relação entre medo da covid-19 e as sintomatologias de ansiedade, estresse e depressão. Contou-se com 424 pessoas da população geral (M = 25.48, variando de 18 até 75 anos; DP = 8.63), em maioria mulheres (56.1%) de diferentes estados brasileiros, que responderam a EPININ, FCV-19S, DASS-21 e questões demográficas. Correlações, seguidas de regressões e modelos de mediação demonstraram a contribuição do medo da covid-19 e da infoxicação nos sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e estresse. Discute-se como níveis elevados de medo, quando mediados pela busca exacerbada por informações, tendem a prejudicar a saúde mental durante a pandemia. Contudo, o acesso excessivo aos meios digitais foi associado ao aumento do sofrimento psicológico. O dado obtido é resultante da infoxicação, pois esta atuou como mediador do adoecimento mental no período pandêmico.

Abstract: During the pandemic, the fear of COVID-19 affected people's lives, mainly associated with infoxication, which corresponds to the excessive consumption of content that compromises absorption and filtering capacity for relevance and veracity. This research aimed to verify the mediating role of infoxication in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression. It counted with 424 people from the general population (M = 25.48, ranging from 18 up to 75 years; SD = 8.63), mostly women (56.1%) from different Brazilian states, who responded to EPININ, FCV-19S, DASS-21 and demographic questions. Correlations, followed by regressions and mediation models demonstrated the contribution of the fear of COVID-19 and infoxication in the symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress. It is discussed how high levels of fear, when mediated by the exacerbated search for information, tend to harm mental health during the pandemic. However, excessive access to digital media was associated with increased psychological distress. The data obtained is the result of infoxication, as it acted as a mediator of mental illness in the pandemic period.

Estilos parentais como fator de proteção ou risco ao consumo de álcool

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os estilos parentais (autoritativo, autoritário, negligente e indulgente) como fator de proteção ou risco ao consumo de álcool em estudantes de uma universidade pública localizada no estado XX, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 392 universitários com idade entre 18 e 58 anos (M = 23, 23; DP = 5,78), a maioria do sexo feminino (70,7%), solteiros (58,4%), que responderam ao Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), a Escala de Responsividade e Exigência e a questões sociodemográficas. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e análise multivariada de variância (MANOVA). Os resultados da MANOVA indicaram, de modo geral, os estilos de socialização parental autoritativo e indulgente como fatores de proteção ao consumo de álcool; enquanto a parentalidade autoritária e negligente constituíram risco ao uso da substância. Os dados da contribuição de cada estilo parental no consumo de bebidas etílicas favorece o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção, além de permitir identificar o impacto das práticas parentais na educação dos filhos, promovendo comportamentos mais saudáveis e adaptativos.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los estilos parentales (autoritativo, autoritario, negligente e indulgente) como un factor de protección o de riesgo para el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de una universidad pública ubicada en el estado XX, Brasil. Participaron 392 estudiantes universitarios de 18 a 58 años (M = 23, 23; SD = 5.78), en su mayoría mujeres (70.7%), solteros (58.4%), los cuales respondieron el Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), la Escala de Responsividad y Exigencia, y las cuestiones sociodemográficas. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y análisis multivariante de la varianza (MANOVA). Los resultados de MANOVA indicaron, en general, los estilos de socialización parental autoritativos e indulgentes como factores de protección para el consumo de alcohol; mientras que la parentalidad autoritaria y negligente constituyeron un riesgo para el uso de sustancias. Los datos sobre la contribución de cada estilo parental al consumo de bebidas etílicas favorecen el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención, además de permitir la identificación del impacto de las prácticas parentales en la educación de los hijos, promoviendo comportamientos más saludables y más adaptativos.

This research aimed to analyze parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and neglectful) as a protective factor or risk alcohol consumption in students of a public university in the state XX, Brazil. The study included 392 university aged 18 to 58 years (M = 23, 23; SD = 5.78), most females (70.7%), single (58.4%), who answered the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Responsiveness and Requirement Scale, and sociodemographic questions. Descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were performed. MANOVA results generally indicated authoritative and indulgent parental socialization styles as protective factors for alcohol consumption; while the authoritarian and neglectful parenting constituted risk of substance use. The data of the contribution of each parental style in the consumption of beverages ethylic favoring the development of prevention strategies, and allows identify of the impact of parenting practices in the education of children by promoting healthier behaviors and adaptive.

Nitrite-negative results in urinary tract infection by Enterobacterales: does the nitrite dipstick test have low sensitivity?

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections among humans. Urine culture is the gold standard diagnostic method for UTI; however, the dipstick test for nitrite is a widely used method signalling the presence of urinary nitrate-reducing bacteria. Unlike the gold standard, the dipstick test is easy to perform, while it is also less time-consuming and less expensive, and produces a result in a few minutes. This study investigates the sensitivity of the dipstick test for nitrite compared with the Griess test in urine samples from UTI caused by Enterobacterales species. We used the Griess test, which is the gold standard in nitrite measurement, to determine the sensitivity of the nitrite dipstick test. Semiquantitative urine culture was performed using standard procedures, and Enterobacterales identification was performed by manual conventional biochemical tests. In the first sample selection, 3 % (8/267) of urine samples suspected of UTI, analysed from March to April 2016, were nitrite-negative by dipstick test but positive for Enterobacterales in the urine culture. In the second sample selection, 5 % (2/44) of urine samples from October to December 2022 were also nitrite-negative but showed urine Enterobacterales isolation. All nitrite-negative dipstick results were consistent with the Griess test. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacterium, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, independent of sample selection. The dipstick test is a safe alternative for investigating nitrite in urine samples. We believe that the cause of nitrite-negative results is a lack of dietary nitrate, dilution of urine and exogenous interference (e.g. ascorbic acid). These findings support the idea that standard urine culture is necessary to rule out UTI.

Synthetic beidellite clay as nanocarrier for delivery of antitumor oxindolimine-metal complexes.

Studies on the immobilization of oxindolimine­copper(II) or zinc(II) complexes [ML] in synthetic beidellite (BDL) clay were developed to obtain a suitable inorganic carrier capable of promoting the modified-release of metallopharmaceuticals. Previous investigations have shown that the studied metal complexes are promising antitumor agents, targeting DNA, mitochondria, and some proteins. They can bind to DNA, causing oxidative damage via formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In mitochondria they lead to a decrease in membrane potential, acting as decoupling agents, and therefore efficiently inducing apoptosis. Additionally, they inhibit human topoisomerase IB and cyclin dependent kinases, proteins involved in the cell cycle. BDL clays in the sodium form were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by a set of physicochemical techniques while the BDL-[ML] hybrid materials were prepared by ion exchange method. The characterization of pristine clay and the obtained hybrids were performed by Infrared, Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, specific surface area, zeta potential and surface ionic charge measurements. The [ML] release assays under the same cell incubation conditions were performed monitoring metals by X-ray fluorescence. The BDL-[CuL] hybrid materials were stable and able to derail tumor HeLa cells, with corresponding IC50 values in the 0.11-0.41 mg mL-1 range. By contrast, the analogous hybrid samples of zinc(II) and the pristine BDL proved to be non-toxic facing the same cells. These results indicate a promising possibility of using synthetic beidellite as a carrier of such antitumor metal complexes.

Pílula do Dia Seguinte: Elaboração e Evidências Psicométricas de uma Medida / Morning-After Pill: Psychometric Preparation and Evidence of a Measure

RESUMO Objetivou-se elaborar a Escala de Atitudes Femininas frente à Pílula do dia Seguinte (EAFPDS), reunindo evidências preliminares de validade e precisão. Participaram 223 universitárias (Midade = 21,44; DP = 4,1; amplitude 18 a 46 anos), que foram divididas em dois grupos: sexualmente ativas (51,6%) e não ativas (48,4%). Os resultados mostraram que os itens da medida possuem estrutura bifatorial, o fator I sendo nomeado como Segurança e o fator II como Ansiedade. Os respectivos fatores apresentaram Alfas de Cronbach de 0,62 e 0,67, além de homogeneidade de 0,29 e 0,41. Concluiu-se que este instrumento apresenta evidências preliminares de validade fatorial e confiabilidade, disponibilizando uma medida no português brasileiro que permite medir adequadamente as atitudes femininas frente à pílula do dia seguinte.

ABSTRACT This research aimed to elaborate the Female Attitudes Toward the Morning-After Pill Scale (FAMPS), gathering preliminary evidence of validity and accuracy. There were 223 university women (Mean age = 21.44; SD = 4.1; range 18 to 46 years), who were divided into two groups: sexually active (51.6%) and non-active (48.4%). The results showed that the items of the measure have two-factor structure, factor I being named Safety and factor II as Anxiety. The respective factors presented Cronbach's Alphas of 0.62 and 0.67, in addition to homogeneity of 0.29 and 0.41. It is concluded that this instrument presents preliminary evidences of factorial validity and reliability, providing a measure in Brazilian Portuguese that allows to adequately measure the female attitudes toward the morning-after pill.

Estratégias de coping adotadas pelos profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19 / Coping Strategies Adopted by Health Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objetivo. Objetivou-se conhecer as estratégias de coping adotadas pelos profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método. Pesquisa de desenho exploratório. Participaram 155 profissionais de saúde do nordeste brasileiro, em sua maioria do Piauí (39.1%) e Ceará (22.5%), com idade média de 33.26 anos (DP = 7.94) e do sexo feminino (68.2%). Resultados. Por meio de uma Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD), o corpus principal se segmentou em duas ramificações: "Classe 1: suporte socioemocional e espiritualidade" e "Classe 2: atividades de entretenimento", mostrando que os profissionais utilizavam estratégias de coping com foco no problema e na emoção. Aponta-se a importância do contato social, espiritualidade e entretenimento para o bem-estar emocional.

Objective. The objective was to know the coping strategies adopted by health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. This was an exploratory research. The participants were 155 health professionals (female 68.2, male 31.8) from northeastern Brazil, mostly from Piauí (39.1%) and Ceará (22.5%), and a mean age of 33.26 years (SD = 7.94). Results. Through a Descending Hierarchical Classification (CHD), the main corpus was divided into two branches: Class 1: Socio-emotional support and spirituality, and Class 2: Entertainment activities, showing that professionals used coping strategies with a focus on the problem and emotion. They pointed out the importance of social contact, spirituality, and entertainment for emotional well-being.

Positive Driver Behaviours Scale: adaptação e validação para o Brasil / Positive Driver Behaviours Scale: adaptation and validation for Brazil / Positive Driver Behaviours Scale: adaptación y validación para Brasil

Objetivou-se realizar uma adaptação da Positive Driver Behaviours Scale (PDBS) para o Brasil e verificar se seria possível propor uma medida reduzida. O instrumento originalmente composto por 38 itens foi apli-cado a 204 motoristas do Brasil, sendo a maioria homens (65,7%), com média de 35,6 anos. O resultado mostrou a possibilidade de uma estrutura unifatorial, composta por um total de 19 itens e alfa de Cronba-ch = 0,90, explicando 37,9% da variância total. Destaca-se a relevância dessa medida, pois ela fornece um subsídio capaz de medir comportamento no trânsito. Além disso, oferece suporte para os profissionais e psicólogos do trânsito, de modo a instrumentalizar as práticas. Permite ainda uma compreensão do fenô-meno dos transportes, o que pode facilitar o desenvolvimento de medidas eficazes no combate aos acidentes

The objective of this study was to carry out an adaptation of the Positive Driver Behaviors Scale (PDBS) for Brazil and verify if it would be possible to propose a brief version of the scale. The instrument originally composed of 38 items was applied to 204 motorists in Brazil, the majority being men (65.7%), with a mean age of 35.6 years. The result showed the possibility of a one-factor structure, consisting of a total of 19 items and Cronbach's alpha = .90, explaining 37.9% of the total variance. The relevance of this measure is highlighted because it is a tool capable of evaluating non-traffic behavior. Besides, it provides support to traffic professionals and psychologists, in order to instrumentalize their practices. It also allows further understanding of the phenomenon of transport, which can facilitate the development of effective measures to combat accidents.

Objetivó realizar una adaptación de la Positive Driver Behaviours Scale (PDBS) para Brasil y verificar la posi-bilidad de proponer una medida reducida. El instrumento originalmente compuesto por 38 ítems fue apli-cado a 204 conductores del Brasil, la mayoría siendo hombres (65,7%), con un promedio de edad de 35,6 años. El resultado mostró la posibilidad de una estructura unifactorial, compuesta por un total de 19 ítems y alfa de Cronbach = 0,90, explicando los 37,9% de la variancia total. Se destaca la relevancia de esta me-dida, porque ofrece un subsidio capaz de medir comportamiento en el tránsito. Además, ofrece soporte para los profesionales y psicólogos del tránsito, instrumentalizando prácticas. También permite una com-prensión del fenómeno de los transportes, lo que puede facilitar el desarrollo de medidas eficaces para combatir los accidentes.

Dyslipidemia Secondary to the Use of HAART in Adults: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: HIV infection affects millions of people globally. Currently, although several drugs have brought an improvement in the quality and life expectancy of these individuals, they are accompanied by several adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of studies examining the relationship between antiretroviral therapy (ART) uses and secondary dyslipidemia. METHODS: The review followed the criteria defined by PRISMA. Only articles that completely evaluated the lipid profile were included, which consisted of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and LDL cholesterol (LDL-c), HDL cholesterol (HDL-c). RESULTS: It was observed that the use of nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI and NNRTI respectively) drugs and protease inhibitors are the most used in ART and are associated with changes in lipid profiles. The main changes observed were increases in TC, TG, and LDL-c in addition to a decrease in HDL-c. These patients had a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease not only due to the use of therapy, but also due to the presence of other comorbidities evaluated in these studies, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. The increase in age, the difference between genders, CD4 T-cell count, and viral load, were observed as risk factors for worsening dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this study, anti-HIV therapy is linked to dyslipidemia, which may or may not be the primary cause, and is frequently connected with a number of metabolic problems that can exacerbate the illness.

Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP): evidências de validade no contexto brasileiro / Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP): validity evidence in the brazilian context / Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP): evidencia de validez en el contexto brasileño

O estudo objetivou adaptar a Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP) para o Brasil, averiguando as qualidades psicometricas do instrumento. Foram realizados dois estudos com participantes de diferentes estados brasileiros. No estudo 1 (n = 242) foi realizada a adaptação da ASP e executada uma análise fatorial exploratória, que sugeriu uma estrutura unifatorial. No Estudo 2, (n = 225) a análise fatorial confirmatória apontou indicadores adequados e confiabilidade satisfatória, além de reunidas evidências de validade convergente da ASP com a tríade sombria e o cyberstalking. Em suma, a ASP apresentou evidências de validade e precisão, podendo ser uma ferramenta útil para pesquisadores que buscam conhecer os correlatos da personalidade sádica. (AU)

The study aimed to adapt the Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP) scale for Brazil, investigating the psychometric qualities of the instrument. Two studies with participants from different Brazilian states were conducted. In study 1 (n = 242), the ASP was adapted and exploratory factor analysis was performed, which suggested a unifactorial structure. In Study 2 (n = 225), confirmatory factor analysis indicated adequate indicators and satisfactory reliability, in addition to gathering evidence of convergent validity for the ASP with the Dark Triad and cyberstalking. The ASP presented evidence of validity and reliability, constituting a useful tool for researchers who seek to identify the correlates of the sadistic personality. (AU)

El estudio objetivó adaptar el Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP) para la población brasileña, averiguando las cualidades psicométricas del instrumento. Se han realizado dos estudios con participantes de diferentes estados brasileños. En el estudio 1 (n = 242) el ASP fue adaptado y se ejecutó un análisis factorial exploratorio, que indicó una estructura unifactorial. Con relación al estudio 2 (n = 225) el análisis factorial confirmatorio apuntó indicadores adecuados y confiabilidad satisfactoria, además de reunir evidencias de validez convergente del ASP con la tríada oscura y el cyberstalking. En resumen, el ASP presentó evidencias de validez y precisión, y puede ser una herramienta útil para los investigadores que buscan conocer los correlatos de la personalidad sádica. (AU)

Potential therapeutic effects of green tea on obese lipid profile - a systematic review.

Background: Green tea, obtained from the plant Camellis sinensis, is one of the oldest drinks in the world and contains numerous bioactive compounds. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of green tea in preventing obesity and cardiovascular diseases that may be related to the reduction of lipid levels. Aim: This study aimed to evidence, through a systematic review, the therapeutic potential of green tea on the lipid profile in preclinical studies in obese animals and clinical studies in obese individuals. Methods: This systematic review follows the recommendations of the preferred report items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The electronic databases, PubMed (Medline), Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science were consulted. Articles from January 2009 to December 2019 were selected. Results: This search resulted in twenty-nine articles were included cirtically reviewed. In experimental studies, green tea administration has been shown to reduce total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in animals exposed to obesity-inducing diet. In humans' studies green tea was not shown to be effective for obese lipid control. Because supplementation with green tea extract reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein for three months at a specific dose. Conclusion: Therefore, green tea appears to act as a protective agent for dyslipidemia in obesity-induced animals. In human studies, green tea has not been shown to be effective in controlling obese lipids.

Fear and anxiety in professionals about COVID-19: Brazilian versions of measures / Medo e ansiedade de profissionais frente à COVID-19: versões brasileiras de medidas

The objective of this study was to adapt and verify the psychometric properties of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, from the data collection conducted with professionals who work directly in the fight against COVID-19 in Brazil. A total of 232 professionals participated (Mage = 32.9; SD = 7.6), most of them female (68.1%), who answered the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale instruments and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The adaptation process allowed identifying the content validity of the Brazilian versions and exploratory factorial analyses, followed by correlation studies showing evidence of internal structure validity and in relation to other (convergent) Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale variables, which presented equally satisfactory reliability rates. Thus, the Brazilian versions of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale scales were made available with satisfactory psychometric qualities for use in the research and assessment of psychological aspects of health professionals.

Objetivou-se adaptar e verificar as propriedades psicométricas das escalas Fear of COVID-19 Scale e Coronavirus Anxiety Scale a partir da coleta de dados realizada com profissionais que atuam diretamente no combate à COVID-19 no Brasil. Participaram do estudo 232 profissionais (Midade = 32,9 anos; DP = 7,6), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (68,1%), que responderam aos instrumentos Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale e um questionário sociodemográfico. O processo de adaptação permitiu identificar a validade de conteúdo das versões brasileiras e análises fatoriais exploratórias, seguidas de estudos de correlação que atestaram evidências de validade de estrutura interna e em relação com outras variáveis (convergente) da Fear of COVID-19 Scale e da Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, as quais apresentaram índices de confiabilidade igualmente satisfatórios. Dessa forma, foram disponibilizadas versões brasileiras das escalas Fear of COVID-19 Scale e Coronavirus Anxiety Scale com qualidades psicométricas satisfatórias para o uso em pesquisas e avaliação de aspectos psicológicos de profissionais de saúde.

Sickle cell disease children's gut colonization by extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales: an antibiotic prophylaxis effect?

Introduction. Sickle cell disease (SCD) children have a high susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. For this reason, they are routinely immunized with pneumococcal vaccines and use antibiotic prophylaxis (AP).Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Yet, little is known about SCD children's gut microbiota. If antibiotic-resistant Enterobacterales may colonize people on AP, we hypothesized that SCD children on AP are colonized by resistant enterobacteria species.Objective. To evaluate the effect of continuous AP on Enterobacterales gut colonization from children with SCD.Methodology. We analysed 30 faecal swabs from SCD children on AP and 21 swabs from children without the same condition. Enterobacterales was isolated on MacConkey agar plates and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). We performed the antibiogram by Vitek 2 system (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France), and the resistance genes were identified by multiplex PCR.Results. We found four different species with resistance to one or more different antibiotic types in the AP-SCD children's group: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, and Citrobacter farmeri. Colonization by resistant E. coli was associated with AP (prevalence ratio 2.69, 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.98-3.67, P<0.001). Strains producing extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBL) were identified only in SCD children, E. coli, 4/30 (13 %), and K. pneumoniae, 2/30 (7 %). The ESBL-producing Enterobacterales were associated with penicillin G benzathine use (95 % CI, 22.91-86.71, P<0.001). CTX-M-1 was the most prevalent among ESBL-producers (3/6, 50 %), followed by CTX-M-9 (2/6, 33 %), and CTX-M-2 (1/6, 17 %).Conclusion. Resistant enterobacteria colonize SCD children on AP, and this therapy raises the chance of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales colonization. Future studies should focus on prophylactic vaccines as exclusive therapy against pneumococcal infections.

Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire: new evidences of validity / Questionário de Comportamento de Resolução de Conflitos: novas evidências de validade / Cuestionario de Conductas de Resolución de Conflictos: nuevas evidencias de validez

This study aimed to investigate new evidence of internal and external validity of the Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire (CRBQ) for the context of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. A total of 252 people participated this study, being in a marital relationship, with an average age of 38.3 years (SD = 10.87), the majority of whom were married (70%) and female (57.1%). An Exploratory Factorial Analysis of the CRBQ pointed an adequate structure with three factors (agreement, avoidance, and attack), with alphas ranging from 0.75 to 0.77, which were related to personality traits. In this direction, the results are discussed, in the light of the specialized literature, and it is concluded that the psychometric adequacy of the CRBQ expands the evidence of validity and can be used in future studies in the Brazilian context by researchers and those interested in the subject. (AU)

Esse estudo objetivou investigar novas evidências de validade interna e externa do Questionário de Comportamento de Resolução de Conflitos (Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire - CRBQ) para o contexto brasileiro paraibano. Participaram 252 pessoas que indicaram estar em um relacionamento conjugal, com média de idade de 38,3 anos (DP= 10,87), sendo a maioria casada (70%) e do sexo feminino (57,1%). Uma análise fatorial exploratória do CRBQ apontou uma estrutura adequada com três fatores (acordo, evitação e ataque), com alfas variando de 0,75 até 0,77, que apresentaram relações com os traços de personalidade. Nessa direção, discutem-se, à luz da literatura especializada, os resultados e conclui-se que a adequação psicométrica da medida do CRBQ amplia as evidências de validade, podendo ser utilizada em pesquisas no contexto brasileiro por pesquisadores e interessados na temática. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar nuevas evidencias de validez interna y externa del Cuestionario de Conducta de Resolución de Conflictos (CCRC) para el contexto de la provincia brasileña de Paraíba. Participaron un total de 252 personas en relación conyugal, con una edad media de 38,3 años (DS = 10,87), la mayoría casadas (70%) y mujeres (57,1%). Un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio del CCRC señaló una estructura adecuada con tres factores (acuerdo, evasión y ataque), con alfas variando entre 0,75 y 0,77, que se relacionan con rasgos de personalidad. En esta dirección, se discuten los resultados, a la luz de la literatura especializada, y se concluye que la adecuación psicométrica de la medida CCRC amplía la evidencia de validez del instrumento y puede ser utilizado en futuros estudios en el contexto brasileño por investigadores e interesados en el tema. (AU)

Healthcare professionals in COVID-19: safety, fear, and intention to leave / Profissionais de saúde na COVID-19: segurança, medo e intenção de se afastar / Profesionales de la salud en COVID-19: seguridad, miedo e intención de alejarse

The objective was to verify the fear of COVID-19 mediating role between the perception of safety at work and the intention of professionals on the frontline of COVID-19 to distance themselves from work. For this intent, 227 professionals (Mage = 33.01; SD = 7.67), mostly female (67.8%), answered the Safety Climate Scale in Hospital Work, the Intentional Behavior to Take a Leave of Absence Scale adapted to the COVID-19 context, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The safety perception in places of fight against the COVID-19 minimizes the fear of infection, consequently reducing health professionals' intention to take leaves of absence when in hospitals in the pandemic. Thus, ensuring the professionals' safety in their workplace is a protective factor of fear, so it may collaborate for the development of relevant strategies that minimize the intention to take a leave of absence.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o papel mediador do medo da COVID-19 na relação entre a percepção de segurança no trabalho e a intenção de profissionais atuantes no combate da COVID-19 de se afastarem do serviço. Para tanto, 227 profissionais (Midade = 33,01; DP = 7,67), maioria do gênero feminino (67,8%), responderam à Escala de Clima de Segurança no Trabalho Hospitalar, à Escala de Intenção Comportamental de Afastamento dos Serviços, adaptadas para o contexto da COVID-19, a Fear of COVID-19 Scale e a um questionário sociodemográfico. A percepção de segurança nos locais de combate à COVID-19 minimiza o medo da infecção, consequentemente diminuindo a intenção dos profissionais atuantes em hospitais na pandemia de se afastarem do serviço. Assim, assegurar segurança dos profissionais no local de trabalho é um fator protetivo do medo, que pode então colaborar para o desenvolvimento de estratégias pertinentes que minimizem a intenção de afastamento do trabalho.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue verificar el papel mediador del miedo de la COVID-19 en la relación entre percepción de seguridad en el trabajo y la intención de apartarse de los servicios de profesionales actuantes en el combate el COVID-19. Por lo tanto, 227profesionales (Medad = 33.01 años; DE= 7.67), la mayoría mujeres (67.8%), respondieran la Escala de Clima de Seguridad en el Trabajo Hospitalario, la Escala de Intención Comportamental de Alejarse de los Servicios, adaptadas para el contexto de la COVID-19, Fear of COVID-19 Scale y cuestionario sociodemográfico. La percepción de seguridad en los lugares de combate al COVID-19 minimiza el miedo a la enfermedad, reduciendo en consecuencia la intención de alejarse de los profesionales de los hospitales durante la pandemia. Así, velar por la seguridad de los profesionales en el trabajo es un factor protector del miedo, por lo que es posible colaborar en el desarrollo de estrategias relevantes que minimicen la intención de alejarse del trabajo.