Dificuldades alimentares em pré-escolares de uma escola de educação infantil / Feeding difficulties in preschool children at an early childhood education school

Dificuldade alimentar é todo problema que afeta negativamente o processo dos pais ou cuidadores de suprirem alimento ou nutrientes à criança. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as dificuldades alimentares em pré-escolares de uma escola municipal de educação infantil de Uruguaiana/RS. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e realizado entre outubro e novembro de 2022. Foram convidadas a participar da pesquisa todos os pais ou responsáveis das crianças (n=70) que frequentavam a escola, na faixa etária de 4-5 anos. Todos receberam o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, bem como o questionário de pesquisa. O instrumento utilizado foi a Escala Brasileira de Alimentação Infantil (EBAI), que possui 14 perguntas referentes à alimentação das crianças. Foi realizada estatística descritiva, em termos de frequência e realizada análise de variância (ANOVA) para comparações entre os sexos (p<0,05). Foram obtidas 31 respostas dos pais relativas à alimentação das crianças. Os dados revelaram que 9,68% (n=3) possuíam algum grau de dificuldade alimentar, sendo 3,33% (n=1) com grau severo e 6,45% (n=2) com grau moderado. As demais crianças (n=28) também apresentaram comportamentos relacionados às dificuldades alimentares, porém, sem pontuação suficiente para serem classificadas com dificuldade alimentar. Os comportamentos mais frequentemente descritos foram: o responsável usar distrações ou ir atrás da criança para que ela coma, tempo de a alimentação em torno de 31-60min ou mais, criança que nauseia, cospe ou vomita com algum tipo de alimento e a influência negativa da alimentação nas relações familiares. Desta forma, observou-se um baixo percentual de dificuldades alimentares na população estudada, de acordo com a literatura estudada.

Feeding difficulties are any problem that negatively affects the process of parents or caregivers providing food or nutrients to the child. The objective of this work was to investigate eating difficulties in preschool children at a municipal early childhood education school in Uruguaiana/RS. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee and carried out between October and November 2022. All parents or guardians of children (n=70) who attended school, aged 4-5 years, were invited to participate in the research. Everyone received the Free and Informed Consent Form, as well as the research questionnaire. The instrument used was the Brazilian Infant Feeding Scale (EBAI), which has 14 questions regarding children's nutrition. Descriptive statistics were performed in terms of frequency and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for comparisons between sexes (p<0.05). 31 responses were obtained from parents regarding children's nutrition. The data revealed that 9.68% (n=3) had some degree of feeding difficulty, 3.33% (n=1) with a severe degree and 6.45% (n=2) with a moderate degree. The remaining children (n=28) also presented behaviors related to feeding difficulties, however, without enough scores to be classified as having feeding difficulties. The most frequently described behaviors were: the caregiver using distractions or going after the child to make them eat, feeding time around 31-60 minutes or more, child who nauseates, spits or vomits with some type of food and the negative influence of food in family relationships. Thus, a low percentage of feeding difficulties was observed in the studied population, in accordance with the literature studied.

Exercise associated with γ-oryzanol supplementation suppresses oxidative stress and prevents changes in locomotion in Drosophila melanogaster.

Association to early mortality and sedentarism was already demonstrated in the literature; nevertheless, some possible biochemical mechanisms around physical inactivity still need answers. The use of an invertebrate model, such as Drosophila melanogaster, can reproduce reliable responses in inducing an exercise protocol with exogenous antioxidant supplementation. This study main evaluates the effect of exercise (EXE) associated with γ-oryzanol (ORY) supplementation to improve locomotor behavior, antioxidant defenses, and survival in Drosophila melanogaster. Two-day old flies were submitted to a protocol for seven days, divided into five groups: Control, Movement-Limited Flies (MLF), EXE, ORY [25 µM], and EXE + ORY [25 µM]. The survival rate was evaluated, followed by open field and negative geotaxis. Flies were euthanized and subjected to analysis for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and antioxidant enzymes activity, glycidic and lipid parameters, body weight, reactive species (RS), and lipid peroxidation. EXE and EXE + ORY flies showed increased survival and locomotor activity, improved glycidic and lipid parameters, with a lower RS production, and increased antioxidant defenses compared to Control, and EXE + ORY when compared to the EXE group, obtained an increase in the ratio of protein levels/body weight, decreased ratio of triglyceride levels/body weight and decreased lipid peroxidation. However, MLF showed less survival and decreased locomotor activity, possibly due to increased AChE activity and reduced antioxidant defenses. The EXE and EXE + ORY demonstrate effective results in maintaining endogenous defenses, with increased locomotor activity, supporting evidence on EXE benefits, and supplementation with antioxidant compounds face of health paradigms.HighlightsNew protocol system of exercise on Drosophila melanogaster model.ORY demonstrates synergistic effect with EXE.Exercise with ORY supplementation increases locomotor behavior.Exercise with ORY supplementation decrease oxidative damages on flies.

γ-Oryzanol produces an antidepressant-like effect in a chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression in Drosophila melanogaster.

Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a valid model for inducing depression-like symptoms in animal models, causing predictive behavioral, neurochemical, and physiological responses to this condition. This work aims to evaluate the possible antidepressant effect of γ-oryzanol (ORY) in the CUMS-induced depressive model in male Drosophila melanogaster. We will use the CUMS protocol to continue the study previously conducted by our research group, mimicking a depressive state in these insects. Male flies were subjected to various stressors according to a 10-day randomized schedule and concomitantly treated with ORY or fluoxetine (FLX). After the experimental period, in vivo behavioral tests were performed (open field, forced swimming, aggressiveness test, mating test, male virility, sucrose preference index and light/dark test) and ex vivo analyses measuring serotonin (5HT), dopamine (DA), octopamine (OCT) levels and body weight. We report here that ORY-treated flies and concomitant exposure to CUMS did not exhibit obvious behaviors such as prolonged immobility or increased aggressive behavior, reduced male mating and virility behavior, and anxiolytic behavior, in contrast to ORY, not altering sucrose preference and body weight flies exposed to CUMS. ORY effectively prevented 5HT and OCT reduction and partially protected against DA reduction. The data presented here are consistent and provide evidence for the use of ORY as a potential antidepressant compound.Lay SummaryFlies treated with ORY and concomitant exposure to CUMS did not exhibit obvious depressive-like behaviors, such as prolonged immobility in the FST or increased aggressive behavior, or reduced mating behavior, male virility, or anxiolytic behavior. ORY did not change the preference for sucrose and body weight of flies, about the levels of monoamines in the heads of flies, ORY was effective in preventing the reduction of 5HT and OCT, and we had partial protection of ORY for reducing the levels of DA.

Prevalência de insegurança e consumo alimentar em famílias do programa de aquisição de alimentos / Prevalence of insecurity and food consumption in families food purchase program

Pouco se monitora e se avalia a situação de insegurança alimentar e nutricional, especialmente, a fim de verificar a efetividade das ações governamentais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estimar a prevalência de insegurança alimentar e de consumo das famílias inscritas no Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos da Agricultura Familiar em São Lourenço do Sul (RS). Tratou-se de estudo transversal, realizado entre janeiro e março de 2012, envolveu todas as famílias inscritas no Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos de São Lourenço do Sul (RS). A insegurança alimentar foi avaliada com a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar, versão longa, classificando as famílias em segurança ou insegurança alimentar (leve, moderada ou grave). O consumo foi identificado pelo questionário de avaliação dos marcadores de consumo alimentar. Das 830 famílias inscritas no Programa, 585 foram entrevistadas (70,5%) e 80% estavam em situação de insegurança alimentar. O consumo familiar de feijão, cereais e ovos foi elevado e, de frutas, legumes e verduras foi reduzido. Conclui-se que a prevalência de insegurança alimentar nas famílias é elevada e o consumo de marcadores da alimentação saudável é baixo para o grupo de frutas. Os dados servirão para direcionar ações a nível municipal.

Little is monitored and assesses the situation of food and nutritional insecurity, especially in order to verify the effectiveness of governmental actions. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of food insecurity and consumption of the families enrolled to the Family Agriculture Food Acquisition Programme in São Lourenço do Sul (RS). A cross-sectional study was conducted between january and march 2012, involved all families enrolled in the Food Acquisition Program of São Lourenço do Sul (RS). Food insecurity was assessed with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, long version, classifying families in food security or insecurity (mild, moderate or severe). Consumption was identified by the questionnaire evaluating food consumption markers. Of the 830 families attached to the program, 585 were interviewed (70.5%) and 80% were food insecure. The household consumption of beans, cereals and eggs was high and fruit and vegetables were reduced. In conclusion, the prevalence of food insecurity in the families is high and the consumption of healthy food markers is low for the fruit group. The data will be used to guide actions at the municipal level

Consumo de alimentos ricos em sódio e alteração dos níveis pressóricos em adolescentes de Itaqui/RS / Intake of high-sodium foods and change of pressure levels in adolescents living in Itaqui/RS, Brazil

Introdução: O elevado consumo de alimentos do tipo fast food por adolescentes está diretamente associado à maior prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis nesta população. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o consumo de alimentos ricos em sódio, o estado nutricional e os níveis pressóricos em escolares adolescentes de Itaqui. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, de base escolar, com adolescentes residentes no município, os quais forneceram, por meio de um questionário autoaplicado, informações sociodemográficas, sobre o consumo habitual de alimentos ricos em sódio e sal e sobre hipertensão. Foram aferidos ainda peso e altura (para a obtenção do estado nutricional), circunferência abdominal e as pressões sistólica e diastólica, com posterior classificação de acordo com os valores de referência para a idade. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 645 adolescentes, entre 13 e 19 anos de idade, matriculados no ensino médio, período diurno, da rede pública no município. Foi observado consumo adequado de cinco dos sete alimentos ricos em sódio, assim como a não utilização de sal adicional pela maioria dos adolescentes. A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade foi de 18,3% e 2,8%, respectivamente, e de pressão arterial limítrofe ou aumentada foi de 20,2%. Houve associação positiva da pressão arterial aumentada com sobrepeso (p< 0,001) circunferência abdominal aumentada (p< 0,001) e consumo de biscoitos doces (p= 0,014). Conclusão: Tais informações poderão nortear o desenvolvimento de estratégias educativas quanto ao consumo de alimentos ricos em sódio, o controle da pressão arterial, bem como alertar esses jovens quanto às consequências da hipertensão(AU)

Introduction: The high consumption of fast-food type food by teens is directly associated with a higher prevalence of chronic diseases in this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption of high-sodium foods, nutritional status, and blood pressure among adolescent students from Itaqui. Methods: This was a school-based cross-sectional study with adolescents living in the city, who provided, through a self-administered questionnaire, social demographic information on their usual consumption of high-sodium foods and salt and on hypertension. Student height and weight (to obtain their nutritional status), waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic pressures were also measured, with subsequent classification according to reference values for age. Results: The study included 645 adolescents between 13 and 19 years of age, enrolled in the public daytime high school network. We found adequate intake of five of the seven sodium-rich foods and no use of additional salt by most adolescents. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 18.3% and 2.8%, respectively, and of increased blood pressure 20.2%. There was a positive association between increased blood pressure and overweight (p<0.001) , increased waist circumference (p<0.001), and consumption of sweet cookies (p = .014). Conclusion: Such information can guide the development of educational strategies regarding the consumption of high-sodium foods and blood pressure control, as well as to warn these young people about the consequences of high blood pressure(AU)

[Frequency of adherence to the "10 Steps to Healthy Eating" among school-aged adolescents]. / Frequência de adesão aos "10 Passos para uma Alimentação Saudável" em escolares adolescentes.

The scope of this study was to evaluate the frequency of adherence to "10 Steps to Healthy Eating" of the Ministry of Health in adolescents from high schools in Pelotas in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted, including 1233 adolescents (13-19 years of age). The frequency of each step was evaluated through a questionnaire on food frequency and other issues included in the "10 Steps." The average number of steps achieved was 1.8. It is noteworthy that none of the subjects achieved entirely all the recommended steps. The highest frequency of compliance was found in step 4, referring to the consumption of the rice and beans. Lower frequencies of adherence were found for step 7, related to consumption of soft drinks, processed juices, sweets and snacks, and also step 3 on the consumption of fruit/vegetables/greens. Adherence to the "10 steps to Healthy Eating" by adolescents was very low. Considering the importance of healthy eating in adolescence, greater investment in public policies in the area of food and nutrition is strongly recommended.

Frequência de adesão aos "10 Passos para uma Alimentação Saudável" em escolares adolescentes / Frequency of adherence to the "10 Steps to Healthy Eating" among school-aged adolescents

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência de adesão aos "10 Passos para uma Alimentação Saudável" do Ministério da Saúde, em adolescentes de escolas de Ensino médio de Pelotas (RS). Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base escolar incluindo 1233 adolescentes de 13 a 19 anos. A frequência de cada passo foi coletada através de um questionário de frequência de consumo de alguns alimentos e outros aspectos contidos nos "10 Passos". A média de passos alcançados foi de 1,8. Ressalta-se que nenhum adolescente aderiu a todos os passos recomendados A maior frequência de adesão foi encontrada no passo 4, referente ao consumo de arroz e feijão; e menores frequência de adesão nos passos 7, referentes ao consumo de refrigerantes, sucos industrializados, doces e guloseimas, e passo 3, relativo ao consumo de Frutas/legumes/hortaliças. A adesão aos "10 passos para uma alimentação saudável" pelos adolescentes foi muito baixa. Considerando a importância de uma alimentação saudável na adolescência, recomenda-se maior investimento em políticas públicas na área de alimentação e nutrição.

The scope of this study was to evaluate the frequency of adherence to "10 Steps to Healthy Eating" of the Ministry of Health in adolescents from high schools in Pelotas in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted, including 1233 adolescents (13-19 years of age). The frequency of each step was evaluated through a questionnaire on food frequency and other issues included in the "10 Steps." The average number of steps achieved was 1.8. It is noteworthy that none of the subjects achieved entirely all the recommended steps. The highest frequency of compliance was found in step 4, referring to the consumption of the rice and beans. Lower frequencies of adherence were found for step 7, related to consumption of soft drinks, processed juices, sweets and snacks, and also step 3 on the consumption of fruit/vegetables/greens. Adherence to the "10 steps to Healthy Eating" by adolescents was very low. Considering the importance of healthy eating in adolescence, greater investment in public policies in the area of food and nutrition is strongly recommended.