Failed extubation after cardiac surgery in young children: Prevalence, pathogenesis, and risk factors.

Background: Most children who undergo congenital heart surgery require postoperative mechanical ventilation. Failed extubation (FE) may result in physiologic instability, delay, or set back of the weaning process. FE is statistically associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Purpose: We sought to identify frequency, pathogenesis, and risk factors for FE after congenital heart surgery in young children. SETTING: Pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Children