Cambio de CLSI a EUCAST en la interpretación de la sensibilidad a antimicrobianos: ¿cómo influye en nuestro medio? / From CLSI to EUCAST guidelines in the interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility: What is the effect in our setting?

INTRODUCCIÓN: La aplicación de los puntos de corte establecidos por el European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) en comparación con los del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) modifica los criterios de interpretación de la sensibilidad de algunos antimicrobianos y esto conduce a cambios en los informes de sensibilidad antibiótica acumulada. MÉTODOS: Análisis de la influencia de la aplicación del EUCAST en 10.359 aislados clínicos de Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus y Enterococcus spp. RESULTADOS: Al aplicar los puntos de corte del EUCAST, la mayoría de los porcentajes de sensibilidad a antimicrobianos no se alteró o lo hizo de forma muy leve; sin embargo, se observó una disminución de la sensibilidad a los aminoglucósidos en bacilos gramnegativos, especialmente a la amicacina en Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23,2%), aunque solo el 5,7% fueron totalmente resistentes; además, disminuyó notablemente el porcentaje de aislados sensibles a aztreonam. Es de destacar el aumento de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a clindamicina (51,5%) y a aminoglucósidos (gentamicina 43,1%). CONCLUSIONES: El cambio de los criterios del CLSI a los de EUCAST en algunos patógenos supone una alteración en los porcentajes de resistencia a algunos antimicrobianos y, por tanto, en la epidemiología local de la resistencia. Estos cambios deben realizarse por un grupo multidisciplinar, que analice la influencia de los nuevos datos en los protocolos de tratamiento empírico de cada centro

INTRODUCTION: Implementation of the breakpoints established in the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines in comparison with those of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) means that the criteria for interpreting the susceptibility of some antimicrobials have been modified, resulting in changes in the reports of accumulated antibiotic susceptibility. METHODS: The effect of applying EUCAST breakpoints in 10,359 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. was analysed. RESULTS: By applying EUCAST breakpoints, most antimicrobial susceptibility percentages did not change or changed very slightly. However, a decrease in aminoglycoside susceptibility was observed in Gram-negative bacilli, mainly for amikacin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.2%), although only 5.7% were completely resistant; a notably decrease in the percentage of isolates susceptible to aztreonam was also observed. There was also a marked increase in the number of Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to clindamycin (51.5%) and aminoglycosides (gentamicin 43.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Switching from CLSI to EUCAST criteria in some pathogens alters the percentages of resistance to several antimicrobials, and therefore the local epidemiology of the resistance. These changes should be implemented by a multidisciplinary group in order to analyse the influence of the new data on the empirical treatment protocols of each centre

From CLSI to EUCAST guidelines in the interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility: What is the effect in our setting? / Cambio de CLSI a EUCAST en la interpretación de la sensibilidad a antimicrobianos: ¿cómo influye en nuestro medio?

INTRODUCTION: Implementation of the breakpoints established in the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines in comparison with those of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) means that the criteria for interpreting the susceptibility of some antimicrobials have been modified, resulting in changes in the reports of accumulated antibiotic susceptibility. METHODS: The effect of applying EUCAST breakpoints in 10,359 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. was analysed. RESULTS: By applying EUCAST breakpoints, most antimicrobial susceptibility percentages did not change or changed very slightly. However, a decrease in aminoglycoside susceptibility was observed in Gram-negative bacilli, mainly for amikacin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.2%), although only 5.7% were completely resistant; a notably decrease in the percentage of isolates susceptible to aztreonam was also observed. There was also a marked increase in the number of Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to clindamycin (51.5%) and aminoglycosides (gentamicin 43.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Switching from CLSI to EUCAST criteria in some pathogens alters the percentages of resistance to several antimicrobials, and therefore the local epidemiology of the resistance. These changes should be implemented by a multidisciplinary group in order to analyse the influence of the new data on the empirical treatment protocols of each centre.

Evaluation of the Sepsis Flow Chip assay for the diagnosis of blood infections.

BACKGROUND: Blood infections are serious complex conditions that generally require rapid diagnosis and treatment. The big challenge is to reduce the time necessary to make a diagnosis with current clinical microbiological methods so as to improve the treatment given to patients. METHODS: In this study, we assess for the first time the Sepsis Flow Chip assay, which is a novel diagnostic assay for simultaneous rapid-detection of the vast majority of bloodstream pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, in the same assay, and for the detection of most common antibiotic resistance genes. The SFC assay is based on multiplex PCR and low density DNA arrays. RESULTS: Positive blood cultures from 202 consecutive bacteremia patients were analyzed by SFC assay and the results were compared with the results obtained by the gold standard methodology used in clinical microbiology diagnostic laboratories (EUCAST guidelines). SFC assay overall sensitivity and specificity for bacterial identification were 93.3% and 100% respectively and sensitivity and specificity for the identification of antibiotic genetic resistance determinants were 93.6% and 100% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first evaluation of SFC assay in clinical samples. This new method appears to be very promising by combining the high number of distinct pathogens and genetic resistance determinants identified in a single assay. Further investigations should be done to evaluate the usefulness of this assay in combination with clinical multidisciplinary groups (stewardship), in order for the results to be applied appropriately to the management of patients`infectious processes.

Parotiditis bacteriana aguda por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina en una paciente nonagenaria institucionalizada / No disponible

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