Distribution of gamma-ray elements in Cerro do Jarau impact structure and a proposal of geothermal modeling.

Large meteorite impacts release kinetic energy that induces rock deformation, high temperatures and fluid circulation during the cratering process. To understand the correlation between rock deformation and fluid circulation, it is relevant to investigate post-impact hydrothermal flux and its relation to the local geology. The Cerro do Jarau impact structure is a ~13.5 km diameter impact structure located in southern Brazil and formed on Cretaceous continental flood basalts of the Serra Geral Formation and underlying sedimentary strata. This study collected ground gamma-ray data over the structure and produced K, eTh and eU concentrations, eTh/K ratio and F-factor maps to characterize it in terms of its radiometric signatures and their respective spatial distribution. A general decrease in the concentration of the three elements was observed from the outer-rim towards the center of the crater. The central area is defined by very low radiometric values, with relatively high K values, thus indicating the occurrence of K-bearing rocks. Numerical simulations using the HYDROTHERM 3 code showed the fluid circulation pattern over the impact structure. Data interpretation resulted in a scenery consistent with potential fluid remobilization within the impact structure related to hydrothermal processes in the late stages of the crater formation process.

Gamma-ray spectrometry of the Araguainha impact structure, Brazil: Additional insights into element mobilization due to hydrothermal alteration.

We present the analysis of airborne and ground gamma-ray spectrometry signatures of the Araguainha impact structure, located in central Brazil, the largest impact structure in South America with ~ 40 km diameter. The airborne data are total gamma-ray counts per second collected along flight lines spaced 1 km apart. The ground gamma-ray data are concentrations of potassium, uranium, and thorium isotopes calculated from radiations measured in three individual channels. The objectives are to distinguish lithologies within the structure, which have naturally distinctive radiogenic signatures, and identify potential post-impact hydrothermal alteration zones, as indicated by high K concentrations. Based on results obtained by numerical modeling of the crater formation, we infer the locations of potential occurrences of target rocks that may have undergone hydrothermal alteration as a result of the impact. The deviations from the background potassium concentration show significant anomalous K values at the center and in the northwestern crater rim, where high concentrations of U are also observed. The numerical model shows that ideal temperature conditions for hydrothermal fluid circulation were attained right after pos-impact gravitational stabilization.

Bouguer anomaly inversion and hydrocode modeling of the central uplift of the Araguainha impact structure.

Araguainha is a mid-sized complex impact structure formed in sedimentary and underlying basement rocks of the Paraná Basin, Brazil. The structure has strongly deformed sedimentary strata surrounding a granitic core. The central uplift is a region of high geological complexity, comprising different types of sedimentary, igneous (granite) and metamorphic lithologies, plus breccias and impact melt sheets. New ground gravity data was collected to produce a Bouguer anomaly map and to perform a 3-D inversion in order to obtain a 3-D density model of the central uplift. This 3-D density model is consistent with iSALE numerical modeling results, which shows that the rocks in the innermost portion became brecciated and/or melted after undergoing pressure/temperature peaks. The positive anomaly of Furnas and Ponta Grossa formations associated with the numerical model shows that the central uplift is ~16 km wide. Thus, the granite's uplift caused the uplift of the entire stratigraphic package, from its Devonian-aged units to the Permian ones, forming a bull's eye pattern around the granitic core. The results also indicate that Araguainha was formed by a 3 km diameter impactor, and the rocks of the granitic basement rocks were uplifted by ~2 km.

Analysis of tectonic-controlled fluvial morphology and sedimentary processes of the western Amazon Basin: an approach using satellite images and digital elevation model

An investigation of the tectonic controls of the fluvial morphology and sedimentary processes of an area located southwest of Manaus in the Amazon Basin was conducted using orbital remote sensing data. In this region, low topographic gradients represent a major obstacle for morphotectonic analysis using conventional methods. The use of remote sensing data can contribute significantly to overcome this limitation. In this instance, remote sensing data comprised digital elevation model (DEM) acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and Landsat Thematic Mapper images. Advanced image processing techniques were employed for enhancing the topographic textures and providing a three-dimensional visualization, hence allowing interpretation of the morphotectonic elements. This led to the recognition of main tectonic compartments and several morphostructural features and landforms related to the neotectonic evolution of this portion of the Amazon Basin. Features such as fault scarps, anomalous drainage patterns, aligned ridges, spurs and valleys, are expressed in the enhanced images as conspicuous lineaments along NE-SW, NW-SE, E-W and N-S directions. These features are associated to the geometry of alternated horst and graben structures, the latter filled by recent sedimentary units. Morphotectonic interpretation using this approach has proven to be efficient and permitted to recognize new tectonic features that were named Asymmetric Ariaú Graben, Rombohedral Manacapuru Basin and Castanho-Mamori Graben.

Uma investigação do controle tectônico da morfologia fluvial e dos processos sedimentares de uma área localizada a sudoeste da cidade de Manaus, na Bacia do Amazonas, foi conduzida a partir do uso de dados de sensores remotos orbitais. Nessa região, o baixo gradiente topográfico representa o principal obstáculo para a análise morfotectônica usando métodos convencionais. O uso de dados de sensores remotos pode contribuir significativamente para superar essa limitação. Desse modo, dados de sensoriamento remoto, compreendendo modelo digital de elevação (DEM) obtido pelo Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) e imagens Landsat TM, foram utilizados para essa investigação. Técnicas avançadas de processamento de imagem foram empregadas para realce de imagens topográficas e sua elaboração tridimensional, permitindo desse modo, a interpretação dos elementos morfotectônicos. Isso permitiu o reconhecimento de principais compartimentos tectônicos, diversas feições morfoestruturais e formas de relevo relacionadas à evolução neotectônica dessa porção da Bacia do Amazonas. Feições como escarpas de falha, padrão anômalo na drenagem, alinhamentos de relevo, vales e divisores d'água foram realçados nas imagens como notáveis lineamentos ao longo das direções NE-SW, NW-SE, E-W e N-S. Essas feições foram associadas à geometria de estruturas do tipo horste e gráben alternados, este último preenchido por unidades sedimentares recentes. A interpretação morfotectônica usando essa técnica mostrou-se eficiente e permitiu o reconhecimento de novas feições tectônicas as quais foram denominadas de Gráben Assimétrico Ariaú, Bacia Romboédrica de Manacapuru e Gráben Castanho-Mamori.