The telopode- and filopode-projecting heterogeneous stromal cells of the human sclera niche.

Telocytes (TCs) are stromal cells defined by the presence of long and slender prolongations (telopodes). They are a biologically and functionally heterogeneous population that has not been previously investigated in the sclera. The purpose of this study is to investigate the presence and characteristics of scleral telocytes through a combined immunohistochemical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study using samples from ten adult patients. Stromal cells with a TC-like morphology expressed CD34, CD45, CD105, vimentin and occasionally CD68 but were negative for collagen III, CD31, CD133, and CD146. Conjunctival epithelial cells expressed CD45, CD105, CD146, and vimentin. These phenotypes support a scleral niche with immune TCs and haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In TEM, we often found spindle-shaped stromal cells projecting telopodes or filopodes, with extremely long nuclei extended even within those prolongations. We separated these cells into a light subtype, which contained a complete set of organelles, and a dark subtype, consisting of undifferentiated stem/progenitor cells. The light cells contained dense vesicles, Weibel-Palade bodies, and rounded α-granule-like structures. These storage areas for the von Willebrand factor (vWF) are known to express selectins that are critically involved in HSC homing and could also indicate endothelial progenitors. The dark cells were scarcely myoid, populated the episcleral perivascular niches and the scleral stroma, and were equipped with lipid storage areas such as lamellar bodies and lipid droplets (LDs). Previously, unreported intranuclear LDs were found in these cells, which is characteristic of an HSC population. It appears that the human scleral stroma is a niche harbouring TC-like cells with immune and HSC phenotypes, and the mere presence or characteristics of telopodes are not enough to differentiate them.

The study of the diaphoresis and leucinaminopeptidasis activity in experimental enteroviroses.

This paper studies, through histochemistry methods, the answer of some enzymes (Diaphoresis and Leuciaminopeptidasis) from intestinal wall structure to the viral aggression experimentally obtained. The most characteristic aspects occur at the intestinal mucous membrane level. The microbial aggression stimulates both macrophagous and immune processes, particularly those of humoral type. Thus, a cellular defence phagocyte and immune barrier with release of Ig and especially IgA is achieved subepithelial.

Histoenzymatic changes at splenic level in experimental enterovirosis.

An experimental model was established to observe the lymphoplasmocytic and macrophage reaction at distance, in spleen, following the intraperitoneal administration of Coxsackie B3 virus. In the aftermath of the experimental viral aggression the thymo-dependent immune system did not seem altered, while the thymo-independent one was severely challenged. The immune reaction of the humoral type was accompanied by a stimulation of the macrophagous type-cells.

The coexistence of atypical intraductal hyperplasias with breast carcinoma.

We present a study made during 4 years (1992-1996), which pursued the underlining of the atypical intraductal hiperplasias (A.I.D.H.) lesions, met isolated or in the association with mamar carcinoma. Our study included a 188 number of the breast tumors, among: in the 23 cases we established the existence of the modification by the A.I.D.H, type at the fibrocystics disease associated or not with the other benign diseases of the breast (fibroadenosis, intraductal papiloma) and in the 63 cases there were the modification by the AIDH associated with in situ or invasiv carcinoma. Epithelial hyperplasia is frequently associated with the fibrocystic changes, being included in the category of fibrocystic or proliferating modifications. The synonymous terms used for the epithelial hyperplasia are the hiperplazia ductala, or the epitelioza, or the papilomatosis The last two are suggested by the proliferation possibility (papillary or linear) of the epithelial or the mio-epithelial cells. Regardless of the microscopic aspect of the lesion, that should be acknowledged and treated as it is, due to the increased risk of the development of a carcinoma later on, and also due to the ratio of association between the modification and the mammary carcinoma. The risk of occurrence of subsequent carcinoma is augmented in the presence of the epithelial atipii and also increases in the presence of a mammary carcinoma at the relatives of the first rank (1.3). In this context, the importance of the differential diagnosis between the simple intraductal hyperplasia and the atypical one, the difficulty of differentiation from intraductal carcinoma in some cases, and finally the association with an increased risk of subsequent occurrence of carcinoma, constitute into sufficient arguments to consider this topic separately.

Diagnosis problems in a case of carcinoma with clear cells at the uterine cervix level.

We present the case of a patient of 50 years old who developed a tumoral formation at the level of the uterine cervix. The histopathologic examination beside the clinic examination constituted an important element in diagnosis elaboration. The histopathologic study performed on serial sections from the tumoral fragment of the cervix allowed establishment of the positive diagnosis through the exclusion of some lesions with microscopic relatively similar images but which have a complete different prognosis and therapy.

Microscopic and ultrastructural aspects in retinoblastoma.

A number of 12 retinoblastoma cases were studied. We had in view a number of histopathological aspects (tumor type, neighbouring structures invasion) which are considered to be decisive in appreciating the vital prognosis. We mention that undifferential retinoblastoma of histopathological type was met in 8 cases and the neighbouring structures invasion was present in 7 of them. We also studied the ultrastructura of the tumor cells belonging to the malignant tumor.

[The development of the pigment epithelium and its interrelation with uveal pigment cells]. / Dezvoltarea epiteliului pigmentar si interrelatia cu celulele pigmentare din uvee.

Authors propose one study of retinal cells population in different stages of ontogenesis and one study of the pigmentogenesis process at the level of uveal tract and external retinal stratum. The study was achieved with embryonic and fetal technique of paraffin inclusion. Concomitantly with loading with pigment of the external retinal stratum and so pigmentary uveal tract is present. Dynamics of the retinol cells population varies with stages and chronological age, the number of pigmented uveal cells increasing proportionally but at different parameters with the pigmented retinal stratum one simultaneous with age under influence specially of humoral factors.

Pseudoepithelimatous hyperplasia positive and differential diagnosis.

Our study intended to describe some inflammatory and tumoral lesions associated to pseudoepithelimatous hyperplasia. In our casuistry, pseudoepithelimatous hyperplasia was determined by tuberculosis in two cases, granulomatous ulcerate epuils in 4 cases, myoblastoma in one case. Recognising these lesions is very important, since it helps differentiating between these tumors and some epidermal carcinomas, the two affections involving different therapies.

[Malignant choroidal melanoma with secondary invasion of the sclera]. / Melanom malign coroidian cu invadare secundara a scleroticii.

The melanoma of the choroid is a tumour very rich in cells, with a reduced stroma. The reticular fibres and the pigmentation vary in abundance from one tumour to another and even from one area to another of the same tumour. The tumour vascularization is achieved by incompletely developed vessels with endothelium wall only, or by simple vascular lacunae in direct contact with tumoral cells, having various arrangements: tubular, in palisade, with lobular structure or in pseudo-rosettes. The great degree of malignity of the tumour and its different histopathological aspects connected with the possibility of intraorbital development and of metastasis, which impose early diagnosis and therapy, made us to present these observations.

[Histological aspects of the sclerocorneal transitional area]. / Aspecte histologice în zona de trecere sclero-corneeana.

The paper presents a histological survey on the corneoscleral limbus. The corneal epithelium from this level deeply one of its branches, which represents a strong way of anchoring it with the subjacent conjunctival structure. It may be noticed at this level a gradual crossing from the cornea to the sclera. The study emphasizes the great importance of this area from physiological, surgical and pathological point of view.

[Normal and pathological conjunctival cytology]. / Citologia conjunctivei normale si patologice.

The authors propose a cytological study of the conjunctiva, using the conjunctival print method, at patients with different (degenerative inflammatory and tumoral) ocular diseases. The conjunctival print method is less traumatic and contributes, together with the data supplied by the clinical examination, in elucidating the etiological diagnosis and orientating therapeutical conduct. Without representing a pathognomonic exam, the cytological study of the conjunctiva brings important diagnosis data, but also data concerning the evolution, so it is recommended to be done in the dynamics.

[Goldenhar's oculoauricular dysplasia, limbic dermoid and conjunctival dermolipoma]. / Displazia oculo-auriculara Goldenhar, dermoid limbic, dermolipom conjunctival.

The paper presents two clinical observations on Goldenhar's syndrome which puts in associations multi-lesions of the first branchial arc. The first observation presents a dermoid of the limb, the second associates a conjunctival dermolipoma at one eye with dermoid of the limb at the other eye. Morphologically, these tumoral formations constitute dysgenetic heterotopias which present at the surface a weak keratinized epidermal, under which it may be identified a dense conjunctival tissue which contains pilosebaceous and sudoripous glands and also a well-represented adipose tissues at the dermolipoma level.

[Diaphorase activity at the conjunctival level in an experimentally produced viral infection]. / Studiul activitatii diaforazei la nivel conjunctival în infectia virala produsa experimental.

By Coxsackie virus type B3 subconjunctival administration it has been noticed the appearance of a antiviral defense mechanism, revealed by the presence in conjunctival chorion of lymphocytes, plasmocytes and active macrophages. It had also been studied by histochemical methods the responsive way at conjunctival level of NADH2-cytocrom-C-reductase (diaphorase) in experimentally obtained viral aggression. The injected virus has determined the stimulation of the activity of this enzyme at epithelial level, which play an important role in mucous conjunctival protection. The lymphocytes appearing in a great number presented an intense enzymatic reaction in chorion, which denotes a living synthetic and secretory metabolical activity.

[The morphopathological aspects of diabetic retinopathy]. / Aspects morphopathologiques de la rétinopathie diabétique.

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by the thickening of the basal membrane and the degeneration of pericytes with the appearance of microaneurysms. In a more advanced stage, there appear hemorrhages, initially in the external plexiform layer and dense exudates deriving from plasmatic extravasations and cystoid macular edema. The proliferative retinopathy is manifested by capillary obstruction with the appearance of dysoric nodules as a consequence of the lack of capillary perfusion and of some varicose capillary dilatation at the periphery of the anoxic zones. The last stage is that proliferative of retinopathy with the appearance of fibrous proliferations and neovessels. An illustration is made of the characteristic chromopathologic aspects, using hematoxilin-eosin staining, Goldner-Szekelly trichromic and Bilshuwski argentic impregnation.

[Ocular histoenzymatic research on an experimental viral attack]. / Recherches histoenzymatiques oculaires sur l'agression virale expèrimentale.

We sought to investigate enzyme response appearing subsequent to sub-conjunctival administration of the Coxsackie B3 virus. This virus stimulates oxidising enzymes, diaphorase and leucin aminopeptidase, dihydrofolate reductase, and adenosinetriphosphatase. The most typical enzyme changes are been in the chorion of the conjunctival mucose and the corneal parenchyma there by showing that the virus, triggers local immune defence mechanisms. The appearance of highly active Langerhans cells around Bowman membrane and corneal tissue proves that the virus injected greatly stimulates the mobilisation of local immune mechanisms.

[Multiple malignant tumors in Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis]. / Malignizari multiple în neurofibromatoza Recklinghausen.

The case of a woman aged 77 years, with cutaneous manifestations of neurofibromatosis, is described, in whom cutaneous fibromas with malignant degeneration, displaying an aspect of fibrosarcoma, were detected. The anatomopathological examination shows fibroblastic type tumoral cells, of a globulous aspect, as well as the presence of cell monstruosities with numerous mitoses, among nervous cells and amyelinic fibers are found. Malignization occurs in Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis at a rate up to 20% of cases.

[The etiopathogenetic aspects in ligneous conjunctivitis]. / Aspecte etiopatogenice în conjunctivita lemnoasa.

In a 55-year-old patient with Lyell syndrome, a ligneous conjunctivitis is present at the right eye. The histological examination of the hyperplasic conjunctiva shows a pluri-stratified epithelium made up of several rows of cells with a marked intra- and intercellular oedema. The connective subepithelial tissue shows an important inflammatory infiltration with numerous hyaline plates characteristic of the disease. The vessels are dilated, with thin walls, permitting the passage of fibrin to the surface. The ligneous conjunctivitis is interpreted as a post-membranous granuloma of the palpebral conjunctivae [correction of conjunctivita]. Its presence in a patient with Lyell syndrome shows its immunoallergic nature.

[The morphopathological aspects of the trabecula in glaucoma]. / Aspecte morfopatologice ale trabeculului în glaucom.

The authors tackle, using the methods of classic histology, an important practical medical problem, the affection of the corneoscleral trabecula in different clinical forms of glaucoma. A study of the age-related trabecular modifications is also made. All the clinical forms of glaucoma present lesions corresponding to the evolution stage of the disease. No morphologic differences were noticed between these forms and the alterations met are similar to the senile trabecula.

[Congenital intrastromal iridic cyst]. / Chist irian congenital intrastromal.

A child of 9 months presented an iridial, semitransparent neoformation in the left eye, that protrudes from the anterior chamber to the posterior part of the cornea. The histologic examination shows the cyst wall formed of 2-3 layers of cubic epithelial cells, the superficial iridial stroma rarefied and dislodged and the deep one with a perivascular lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate. The posterior iris epithelium, at the formation level, is normal. Histological diagnosis shows an iridial congenital cyst placed intrastromally.

[Carcinoma of the lacrimal sac]. / Carcinomul sacului lacrimal.

The present paper reports on the case of a 63 year-old woman twice operated for chronic suppurated dacryocystitis. At the third operation the lacrimal sac which was enlarged and rigid was removed. Section of the sac revealed a pinkish-grey formation that occupied the entire lumen of the sac. Histologic examination showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma with an islet-alveolar distribution. Stress is laid on the rare occurrence of primary malignant tumours of the lacrimal sac and the diagnostic difficulties in the onset period.