RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Assessment and self-assessment frequently differ, e. g. in psychosomatic disorders and complaints. At the same time the prevalence of corresponding disorders in old age is high. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated psychosocial factors from the perspective of nursing home residents and compared this self-assessment with data collected in other scientific studies with assessments by nursing home staff. The aim was to develop specific recommendations for the nursing home sector. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional pilot study 256 nursing home residents (average age 81 ± 10.3 years, 69 % female, 31 % male) were questioned about their physical, psychological and social activities and well-being in semistructured anonymous interviews. Psychological screening tests were simultaneously implemented to assess symptoms of depression and dementia using the short form of the geriatric depression scale (GDS-K) and the mini mental status test (MMST). RESULTS: The results showed that 44.6 % of the residents had symptoms of depression and 76.1 % revealed signs of development of dementia. More than half assessed their physical health as good to very good. According to comparable studies nursing staff assessed persistent pain in 20.7 % of all nursing home residents while personal interviews with the residents showed that persistent pain (39.8 %) was almost twice as frequent. Life satisfaction showed a significant correlation with the following items from the self-assessment: participation in nursing home activities (r = 0.171, p = 0.008), mobility (r = -0.131; p = 0.045), emotional activity (r = 0.136, p = 0.038), subjectively experienced physical health (r = -0.420, p < 0.001) and persistent pain (r = -0.178, p = 0.006). Life satisfaction correlated highly significantly with symptoms of depression (r = -0.617, p < 0.001) and cognitive performance (r = 0.251, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study encourage further research on the characteristic features of satisfied residents and (psycho)therapeutic support in order to promote factors for well-being and a positive quality of life in nursing homes.
