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1.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 12(7)2024 Apr 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38610196

RESUMO

The state of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of life of the general population. This study aims to define and contrast an explanatory model of the quality of life in adults and to analyze the relationships between these variables based on the state of confinement and sex. A total of 872 people from Chile aged between 17 and 50 (M = 21.70 years; SD= 3.272), of both sexes (60.90% male and 39.1% female) participated in this research, of whom 46.6% were not confined when tested and 53.4% were confined, analyzing the quality of life. A model of multi-group structural equations was performed, which adjusted very well (χ2 = 559.577; DF = 38; p < 0.001; IFC = 0.934; NFI = 0.916; IFI = 0.934; RMSEA = 0.061). The results show a positive and direct relationship among all the variables studied and the structural equation model proposed according to confinement and sex reveals a good fit in all the evaluation indexes. Stress and sleep, personality, and introspection were the indicators with the greatest influence in the four models, followed by the family and friends indicator with a medium correlation strength, such as the health monitoring dimension, although this was not as influential in confined individuals. The main conclusions are that the best adjustments are obtained in confined adults and females, and the data show that the psychological indicators obtained (stress and sleep, personality, and introspection) have the greatest influence on adults in the four models proposed with regard to their quality of life.

2.
Nutrients ; 15(11)2023 May 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37299421

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Muscle quality index (MQI) is an emerging health indicator obtained by dividing handgrip strength by body mass index (BMI) that needs to be studied in morbidly obese patients (defined by BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2). OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between MQI, metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and as a second objective to determine the potential mediation role of MQI in the relationship between abdominal obesity and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in this sample. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 86 severely/morbidly obese patients (age = 41.1 ± 11.9 y, nine men). MQI, metabolic syndrome markers, CRF, and anthropometric parameters were measured. Two groups were developed according to MQI; High-MQI (n = 41) and Low-MQI (n = 45). RESULTS: The Low-MQI group reported higher abdominal obesity (High-MQI: 0.7 ± 0.1 vs. Low-MQI: 0.8 ± 0.1 WC/height; p = 0.011), SBP (High-MQI: 133.0 ± 17.5 vs. Low-MQI: 140.1 ± 15.1 mmHg; p = 0.048), and lower CRF (High-MQI; 26.3 ± 5.9 vs. Low-MQI; 22.4 ± 6.1 mL/kg/min, p = 0.003) than the High-MQI group. Waist-to-height ratio (ß: -0.07, p = 0.011), SBP (ß: -18.47, p = 0.001), and CRF (ß: 5.21, p = 0.011) were linked to MQI. In a mediation model, the indirect effect confirms that MQI is a partial mediator of the association between abdominal obesity with SBP. CONCLUSIONS: MQI in morbidly obesity patients reported an inverse association with MetS markers and a positive association with CRF (VO2max). It mediates the relationship between abdominal obesity and SBP.


Assuntos
Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Síndrome Metabólica , Obesidade Mórbida , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Obesidade Abdominal/complicações , Obesidade Mórbida/complicações , Força da Mão , Estudos Transversais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Músculos
3.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 73(2): 135-143, jun. 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1510273

RESUMO

Professional practice is a relevant process for the personal and academic development of students. It uses learning contexts located in real scenarios and enables the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies necessary for professional practice. Objective. To design and validate an instrument designed to evaluate students' satisfaction with theirprofessional practice process. Materials and methods. Mixed-method study, non-probabilistic sample by convenience of 196 participants. The sample is formed by 20 Nutritionists and 176 students belonging to the Nutrition and Dietetics undergraduate program. The statistical software SPSS version 22 was used to analyze reliability by Cronbach's alpha and the Delphi method for content validity. An instrument with 32 items grouped in 4 dimensions was elaborated and applied to 116 students to analyze reliability. The instrument was adjusted to 25 items, and content validity was analyzed by a panel of experts. The judge'sconsensus was the foundation for developing a 29-item version grouped into 4 dimensions. This version was applied to 60 students to obtainCronbach's alpha validation. Results. The instrument presents an excellent level of reliability, with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.927. Conclusions. The instrument designed to measure satisfaction with professional practices is a reliable and valid measure, since it allows knowing the students 'evaluation at the end of their professional practice process(AU)


La práctica profesional es un proceso relevante para el desarrollo personal y académico de los estudiantes, utiliza contextos de aprendizaje situados en escenarios reales, posibilita la adquisición de conocimientos, habilidades y competencias necesarias para el ejercicio profesional. Objetivo. Diseñar y validar un instrumento, que permita evaluar la satisfacción de los estudiantes sobre su proceso de práctica profesional. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de tipo mixto, muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 196 participantes, distribuidos en 20 Nutricionistas y 176 estudiantes pertenecientes a la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética. Sé utilizó el software estadístico SPSS versión 22, para analizar la confiabilidad por Alfa de Cronbach y el método Delphi para la validez del contenido. Se elaboró un instrumento con 32 ítems agrupados en 4 dimensiones, se aplicó a 116 estudiantes para analizar la confiabilidad. Se ajustó el instrumento a 25 ítems, se analizó la validez del contenido por panel de expertos. El consenso de los jueces dio origen a una versión, con 29 ítems agrupados en 4 dimensiones, se aplicó finalmente a 60 estudiantes para obtener el Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados. El instrumento presenta un nivel excelente de confiabilidad, con un coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach de 0.927. Conclusiones. El instrumento diseñado para medir la satisfacción de las prácticas profesionales, es una medida confiable y válida, ya que permite conocer la valoración de los estudiantes al finalizar su proceso de práctica profesional(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Avaliação Curricular das Faculdades de Medicina , Capacitação Profissional
4.
Nutrients ; 13(8)2021 Jul 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34444832

RESUMO

The purpose of this cross-cultural study was to determine the association between the sociodemographic background of a child's parents (i.e., their socioeconomic level, marital status, and educational level) with the child's lifestyle (i.e., Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST)), and health markers. Material: This cross-sectional study included 1273 children, from Chile (n = 496), Colombia (n = 340), and Spain (n = 437). The sociodemographic information together with the lifestyle and health markers of the children were measured. There was an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level for the parents of Chilean children and handgrip strength (ß -0.61, p < 0.001); meanwhile, for Spanish children, an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level and PA after school (ß -0.58, p = 0.016), lifestyle (ß -0.74, p = 0.015), and with MD adherence (ß -0.86, p = 0.004) was found. The risk (i.e., by odd ratios (OR)) of being divorced/separated parents marital status showed an inverse association with abdominal obesity (OR 0.21, p = 0.045) in Spanish children; however, the parent's marital status and a low educational level were risk factors for the suffering of a low nutritional level in Colombian children (OR 2.02, p = 0.048; OR 2.49, p < 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, a low educational level for parents reported for Chilean children had a positive association with ST of ≥4 h per day (OR 1.82, p = 0.020). In conclusion, in Spanish-speaking children, the lifestyle and health markers of the children are affected by the sociodemographic background of their parents; however, these effects could be moderated by the socio-cultural and economic status of their countries as members of the OCDE; therefore, it is essential to develop policies that decrease these gaps, so that children who are under-resourced can reach their full potential.


Assuntos
Dieta , Exercício Físico , Estilo de Vida , Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico , Aptidão Física , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Dieta Mediterrânea , Escolaridade , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Força da Mão , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade , Pais , Instituições Acadêmicas , Tempo de Tela , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha
5.
MHSalud ; 18(1)jun. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1386148

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: analizar el perfil morfofuncional de futbolistas profesionales chilenos según su posición de juego. Método: el diseño del estudio fue no experimental, con un alcance descriptivo-correlacional. Se evaluaron 29 futbolistas profesionales de la primera B. Para determinar el porcentaje graso se midieron cuatro pliegues cutáneos y se aplicó la ecuación de Durnin y Womersley; para las variables físicas se aplicó el test de 1 repetición máxima de sentadillas y se utilizó el método de Brzycki para proyectar la fuerza máxima; en fuerza explosiva se ejecutó el Test de Bosco que evalúa el salto Squat Jump (SJ); para la resistencia aeróbica se utilizó el Yoyo test nivel 1 de recuperación, con toma de frecuencia cardiaca (FC) al final y en recuperación (1 minuto). Resultados: se observan solo diferencias significativas en la talla entre arqueros y volantes (F=4.491; p=0.012), esto implica, que la edad, peso y Σ4 pliegues no inciden en la posición de juego. Conclusiones: se observa que, en cada posición de juego, los jugadores presentan una configuración morfofuncional distinta, lo cual permite inferir que el trabajo debe ser diferenciado.


Abstract Objective: to analyze the morphofunctional profile of Chilean professional soccer players according to their playing position. Method: the study design was non-experimental, with a descriptive-correlational scope. Twenty-nine professional soccer players belonging to the Valdivia Sports Club of Chile were evaluated. Fat percentage was established by measuring four skin folds and applying the Durnin and Womersley equation. For the physical variables, the maximum squat repetition test was applied, and the Brzycki method was used to project the maximum force in one repetition. In explosive force, the Bosco Test was performed; this test evaluates the squat jump (SJ). The level 1 recovery Yoyo Test was used for the aerobic resistance, with heart rate (HR) measurement at the end and in recovery (1 minute). Results: Only significant differences in height are observed between goalkeepers and midfielders (F =4.491;p= 0.012); this implies that age, weight, and Σ4 folds do not affect in the playing position. Conclusions: it is observed that, in each game position, the players present a different morphofunctional configuration, which allows inferring that the work must be differentiated.


Resumo Objetivo: analisar o perfil morfofuncional de jogadores profissionais chilenos de futebol segundo sua posição de jogo. Método: o desenho do estudo foi não experimental, de escopo descritivo-correlacional. Foram avaliados 29 jogadores de futebol profissional do primeiro B. Para determinar o percentual de gordura, foram medidas quatro dobras cutâneas e aplicada a equação de Durnin e Womersley; Para as variáveis físicas foi aplicado o teste de 1 repetição máxima de agachamento e utilizado o método de Brzycki para projetar a força máxima; Na força explosiva, foi realizado o Teste de Bosco, que avalia o Salto de Agachamento (SJ); Para a resistência aeróbia, foi utilizado o teste de recuperação Yoyo nível 1, com frequência cardíaca (FC) medida no final e na recuperação (1 minuto). Resultados: foram observadas apenas diferenças significativas na altura entre goleiros e petecas (F = 4,491; p = 0,012), isso implica que idade, peso e Σ4 dobras não interferem na posição de jogo. Conclusões: observa-se que, em cada posição de jogo, os jogadores apresentam uma configuração morfofuncional diferente, o que permite inferir que o trabalho deve ser diferenciado.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Futebol , Chile , Antropometria
6.
Nutr. hosp ; 37(6): 1166-1172, nov.-dic. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-198308

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: actualmente, el ejercicio físico practicado de manera regular es la mejor herramienta disponible para fomentar el bienestar de las personas y una mejor salud. OBJETIVO: el objetivo del estudio fue determinar el nivel de condición física y el estado nutricional, así como la relación entre estos, en estudiantes de enseñanza básica de la ciudad de Chillán. MÉTODOS: el estudio es de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal y relacional. Participaron 2500 estudiantes. Para evaluar la condición física se utilizaron los siguientes test: Wells y Dillons (flexibilidad), Sargent Test (potencia miembros inferiores), Test de 1 Milla de la AAPHARD (capacidad aeróbica) y Abdominales en 30 segundos (capacidad muscular localizada). RESULTADOS: al comparar por sexos, los hombres presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas en las variables físicas de capacidad aeróbica (p = 0,00), abdominales (p = 0,00) y salto (p = 0,00); solo en el caso de la flexibilidad las mujeres presentaron mejores resultados (p = 0,01). Al relacionar el IMC con la capacidad física se observa una relación negativa en ambos sexos, es decir: a mayor IMC, menor es la cantidad de abdominales realizados (r = -0,032; r = -0,084, mujeres y hombres, respectivamente) y la capacidad aeróbica (r = -0,063 y r = -0,023, mujeres y hombres, respectivamente). En flexibilidad y salto se observa una correlación positiva, aunque esta es insignificante. CONCLUSIÓN: los hombres y las mujeres con normopeso presentan una mejor condición física en comparación con quienes presentan sobrepeso u obesidad. En cuanto al sexo, los hombres presentan una mejor condición física salvo en la prueba de flexibilidad, donde las mujeres presentan los mejores resultados. Además, se observa una relación negativa en ambos sexos entre la condición física y la composición corporal, donde un IMC elevado se traduce en un bajo nivel de rendimiento físico


INTRODUCTION: currently, regular physical exercise is the best tool available to promote people's well-being and improve their health. OBJECTIVE: the objective of the study was to determine the level of physical condition and nutritional status, as well as the relationship between them, in elementary school students in the city of Chillán. METHODS: the study is of the descriptive, cross-sectional, relational type. A total of 2500 students participated. To evaluate physical condition, the followingtests were used: Wells and Dillons (flexibility), Sargent Test (lower limb power), AAPHARD's 1-Mile Test (cardiorespiratory resistance), and Sit-ups in 30 seconds (localized muscular resistance). RESULTS: when comparing by sex, men presented significant statistical differences in the physical variables of aerobic capacity (p = 0.00), situps (p = 0.00) and jumping (p = 0.00); only in the case of flexibility did women present better results (p = 0.01). When relating BMI to physical capacity a negative relationship is observed in both sexes-that is, the higher the BMI, the lower the amount of sit-ups (r = -0.032; r = -0.084, women and men, respectively) and aerobic capacity (r = -0.063 and r = -0.023, women and men, respectively). In flexibility and jump a positive though negligible correlation was observed. CONCLUSION: normal-weight men and women have a better physical condition as compared to those with overweight or obesity. As for sex, men have a better physical condition except for the flexibility test, where women obtain the best results. In addition, a negative relationship is observed in both sexes between physical condition and body composition, where a high BMI results in a low level of physical performance


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Valor Nutritivo/fisiologia , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Nível de Saúde , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Composição Corporal , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Antropometria , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia
7.
Nutr Hosp ; 37(6): 1166-1172, 2020 Dec 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33119391

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: currently, regular physical exercise is the best tool available to promote people's well-being and improve their health. Objective: the objective of the study was to determine the level of physical condition and nutritional status, as well as the relationship between them, in elementary school students in the city of Chillán. Methods: the study is of the descriptive, cross-sectional, relational type. A total of 2500 students participated. To evaluate physical condition, the followingtests were used: Wells and Dillons (flexibility), Sargent Test (lower limb power), AAPHARD's 1-Mile Test (cardiorespiratory resistance), and Sit-ups in 30 seconds (localized muscular resistance). Results: when comparing by sex, men presented significant statistical differences in the physical variables of aerobic capacity (p = 0.00), sit-ups (p = 0.00) and jumping (p = 0.00); only in the case of flexibility did women present better results (p = 0.01). When relating BMI to physical capacity a negative relationship is observed in both sexes-that is, the higher the BMI, the lower the amount of sit-ups (r = -0.032; r = -0.084, women and men, respectively) and aerobic capacity (r = -0.063 and r = -0.023, women and men, respectively). In flexibility and jump a positive though negligible correlation was observed. Conclusion: normal-weight men and women have a better physical condition as compared to those with overweight or obesity. As for sex, men have a better physical condition except for the flexibility test, where women obtain the best results. In addition, a negative relationship is observed in both sexes between physical condition and body composition, where a high BMI results in a low level of physical performance.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: actualmente, el ejercicio físico practicado de manera regular es la mejor herramienta disponible para fomentar el bienestar de las personas y una mejor salud. Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue determinar el nivel de condición física y el estado nutricional, así como la relación entre estos, en estudiantes de enseñanza básica de la ciudad de Chillán. Métodos: el estudio es de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal y relacional. Participaron 2500 estudiantes. Para evaluar la condición física se utilizaron los siguientes test: Wells y Dillons (flexibilidad), Sargent Test (potencia miembros inferiores), Test de 1 Milla de la AAPHARD (capacidad aeróbica) y Abdominales en 30 segundos (capacidad muscular localizada). Resultados: al comparar por sexos, los hombres presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas en las variables físicas de capacidad aeróbica (p = 0,00), abdominales (p = 0,00) y salto (p = 0,00); solo en el caso de la flexibilidad las mujeres presentaron mejores resultados (p = 0,01). Al relacionar el IMC con la capacidad física se observa una relación negativa en ambos sexos, es decir: a mayor IMC, menor es la cantidad de abdominales realizados (r = -0,032; r = -0,084, mujeres y hombres, respectivamente) y la capacidad aeróbica (r = -0,063 y r = -0,023, mujeres y hombres, respectivamente). En flexibilidad y salto se observa una correlación positiva, aunque esta es insignificante. Conclusión: los hombres y las mujeres con normopeso presentan una mejor condición física en comparación con quienes presentan sobrepeso u obesidad. En cuanto al sexo, los hombres presentan una mejor condición física salvo en la prueba de flexibilidad, donde las mujeres presentan los mejores resultados. Además, se observa una relación negativa en ambos sexos entre la condición física y la composición corporal, donde un IMC elevado se traduce en un bajo nivel de rendimiento físico.


Assuntos
Estado Nutricional , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Estudantes , Músculos Abdominais/fisiologia , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória/fisiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto Jovem
8.
Arch. med. deporte ; 36(191): 151-156, mayo-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-187341

RESUMO

Introducción: La actividad física (AF) tiene múltiples beneficios para la salud física y mental en distintos tipos de poblaciones, sin embargo, no existen evaluaciones integrales en población escolar. Por otra parte los niveles de inactividad física han generado un incremento de la obesidad infantil en todo el mundo y de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, afectando el desarrollo integral de los niños y su calidad de vida, además de un gran número de componentes psicosociales. El propósito de la investigación fue comparar según niveles de AF, variables psicosociales, antropométricas y físicas en escolares chilenos. Método: Participaron 605 escolares (272 mujeres y 333 hombres) de entre 11 y 14 años de edad, se evaluó la autoestima, imagen corporal, capacidad cardiorespiratoria, presión arterial y parámetros antropométricos. Resultados: Las niñas presentaron mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC) y porcentaje de grasa corporal (GC), además presentaron mayor puntaje de riesgo de insatisfacción con la imagen corporal (p = 0,03), en la autoestima no existieron diferencias (p > 0,05). La AF fue superior en los niños (p < 0,001), al igual que los valores en la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) (P < 0,05). Los niños presentaron mayor proporción de escolares categorizados con AF alta (p < 0,001). Los escolares con menores niveles de AF presentan parámetros antropométricos más elevados (p < 0,001), así como también, presentan mayor riesgo de insatisfacción corporal (p = 0,009), menor autoestima (p < 0,001) y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Los escolares con menores niveles de AF presentan resultados negativos en variables psicosociales como la imagen corporal y autoestima, además de una menor capacidad cardiorrespiratoria y parámetros antropométricos elevados


Introduction: Physical activity (PA) has multiple benefits for physical and mental health in different types of populations; however, there are no comprehensive evaluations in school population. On the other hand, levels of physical inactivity have generated an increase in childhood obesity worldwide and cardiovascular risk factors, affecting the overall development of children and their quality of life, in addition to a large number of psychosocial components. The purpose of the research was to compare according to levels of PA, psychosocial, anthropometric and physical variables in Chilean schoolchildren. Method: 605 schoolchildren (272 women and 333 men) between 11 and 14 years of age participated. Self-esteem, body image, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were evaluated. Results: The girls presented higher body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (BF), in addition they presented higher risk score of dissatisfaction with the corporal image (p = 0.03), in the self-esteem there were no differences (p> 0.05). PA was higher in children (p < 0.001), as were values in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p < 0.05). Children had a higher proportion of school children categorized with high PA (p <0.001). School children with lower levels of PA have higher anthropometric parameters (p <0.001), as well as a higher risk of body dissatisfaction (p = 0.009) and lower self-esteem (p < 0.001) and cardiorespiratory fitness (p <0.001). Conclusion: Schoolchildren with lower PA levels presented negative results in psychosocial variables such as body image and self-esteem, as well as a lower cardiorespiratory fitness and high anthropometric parameters


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Autoimagem , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Pressão Arterial/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Tecido Adiposo
9.
Arch. med. deporte ; 34(182): 332-336, nov.-dic. 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-172620

RESUMO

Introduction: The body composition, anthropometrics and physical performance of basketball players are fundamental for their practice of the sport. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare body composition and physical performance among college and professional basketball players. Method: The sample consisted of 2 groups of male basketball players (n=17) (age: 23.61±3.45): Group 1 college players (n=9; age: 22.48±3.79 years), and Group 2 professional players (n=8; age: 24.88±2.69 years). Weight, height, fat mass and muscle mass were measured. Physical performance was measured in throwing the ball (m/s), gripping strength (Kg), speed over 20 metres, jumping and reactive strength. The mean height of the college basketball players was 179.44±7.97 cm, weight 83.61±14.64 kg, body mass index (BMI) 25.94±3.95 kg/m2, % body fat mass 16.64±7.07, % Muscle mass 47.59±4.01; the mean height of the professional players was 181.50±8.42 cm, weight 89.73±25.56 kg, BMI 26.94±5.87 kg/m2, % body fat mass 19.26±8.20, % Muscle mass 46.26±4.55. Results: There were no significant differences in the % of body fat and muscle mass, similar results to those found in handgrip strength, ball-throwing speed and speed in 20 meters with and without the ball (p >0.05). For physical performance only the Q index and the floor contact time (DJ-t) in drop jumps presented statistical differences (p <0.05), with better results achieved by the college players. Conclusion: College and professional basketball players do not show significant differences in body composition and variables associated with physical performance, especially the vertical jump capacity that is lower in both groups compared to what is reported in the scientific literature


Introducción: La composición corporal, antropométrica y el rendimiento físico de los jugadores de baloncesto, son fundamentales en el desempeño deportivo. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico entre jugadores de baloncesto universitario y profesional. Método: La muestra estuvo constituida por 2 grupos de jugadores de baloncesto varones (n=17) (edad: 23,61±3,45), el grupo 1 por universitarios (n=9; Edad: 22,48± 3,79 años) y el grupo 2 por profesionales (n=8; Edad: 24,88± 2,69 años). Se evaluó peso, talla, masa grasa y muscular. El rendimiento físico se midió a través del lanzamiento de balón (m/s), fuerza prensil (Kg), velocidad en 20 metros, capacidad de salto y fuerza reactiva. El grupo de jugadores de baloncesto universitario presentó una talla promedio de 179,44 ± 7,97 cm, peso corporal 83,61 ± 14,64 kg, índice de masa corporal (IMC) 25,94 ± 3,95 Kg/m2, % masa grasa 16,64±7,07, % masa muscular 47,59±4,01, en cambio los profesionales presentaron una talla de 181,50 ± 8,42 cm, peso corporal 89,73 ± 25,56 kg, IMC 26,94 ± 5,87 Kg/m2, % masa grasa 19,26 ± 8,20 y % masa muscular 46,26 ± 4,55. Resultados: En la comparación del % de grasa corporal y masa muscular no existieron diferencias significativas, resultados similares a los encontrados en fuerza prensil, velocidad de lanzamiento del balón y velocidad en 20 metros con y sin el balón (p >0,05). En relación al rendimiento físico solo el índice Q y el tiempo de contacto en Drop Jump (DJ-t) presentaron diferencias estadísticas (p <0,05), con mejores resultados en el grupo universitario. Conclusiones: Los jugadores de baloncesto universitario y profesional no muestran diferencias significativas en la composición corporal y las variables asociadas con el rendimiento físico sobretodo la capacidad de salto vertical que es menor en ambos grupos comparado con lo reportado en la literatura científica


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/estatística & dados numéricos , Desempenho Atlético/estatística & dados numéricos , Basquetebol/estatística & dados numéricos , Atletas/estatística & dados numéricos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Antropometria/métodos
10.
Nutr. hosp ; 33(4): 808-813, jul.-ago. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154904

RESUMO

Antecedentes: la prevalencia de obesidad infantil ha aumentado considerablemente en Chile y el mundo, presentando asociación negativa con el rendimiento físico. Objetivo: el propósito del estudio fue determinar el rendimiento físico en escolares y asociarlos a los niveles de sobrepeso, obesidad y riesgo cardiometabólico. Material y métodos: 342 escolares, entre 11 y 16 años de edad, participaron del estudio, un 44,2% correspondió a mujeres y un 55,8% a hombres. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: peso, índice de masa corporal, porcentaje de masa grasa, contorno cintura, razón cintura estatura, test de salto largo, test de abdominales, test de flexo-extensiones de brazo, test de Cafra y test de Navette. Resultados: se observó que los escolares con sobrepeso y obesidad (48,3%) mostraron un incremento significativo en las medidas antropométricas, así como una disminución en todas las variables que determinan rendimiento físico. En el análisis de los Test de Cafra y Navette, se observó que la presencia de la alteración de al menos uno de ellos se asoció con riesgo cardiometabólico (OR = 9,29, p < 0,001), mientras que la presencia de la alteración de los dos test se asocia fuertemente con la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad (OR = 11,8, p = 0,003) y con riesgo cardiometabólico (OR = 30, 1, p < 0,001). Conclusión: los escolares con obesidad presentaron disminución en todas las variables que determinaron el rendimiento físico y fue la alteración capacidad cardiorrespiratoria medida a través de los Test de Cafra y Navette los que presentaron mayor asociación y significativa con el sobrepeso, obesidad y riesgo cardiometabólico (AU)


Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased considerably in Chile and the world, presenting negative association with the physical performance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the physical performance in students and associate them with levels of overweight, obesity and cardiometabolic risk. Material and methods: 342 students, between 11 and 16 year old, took part of the study, 44.2 % corresponded to women and 55.8 % to men. The following variables were evaluated: weight, body mass index, percentage of fat mass, contour waist, reason waist height, Test of long jump, Test of abdominal, Test of Flexo-extensions of arm, Test of Cafra and Test of Navette. Results: It was observed that the students with excess weight and obesity (48.3%) showed a significant increase in the anthropometric measurements, as well as a decrease in all the variables that determine physical performance. In the analysis of the Test of Cafra and Navette, it was observed that the presence of the alteration of at least one of them was associated with cardiometabolic risk (OR = 9.29, p > 0.001), while the presence of the alteration of the two tests is strongly associated with the presence of overweight and obesity (OR = 11.8, p = 0.003) and with cardiometabolic risk (OR = 30.1, p > 0.001). Conclusion: The students with obesity showed decrease in all variables that determined the physical performance and was the alteration cardiorespiratory fitness measure through the test of Cafra and Navette that presented the greatest and significantly association with the overweight, obesity and cardiometabolic risk (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Antropometria/instrumentação , Antropometria/métodos , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Peso-Estatura/fisiologia
11.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 63(4): 617-623, oct.-dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-767566

RESUMO

Antecedentes. Actualmente, el sedentarismo en Chile, más que un tema de moda, es un grave problema para la salud que, además, se asocia con el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo. Determinar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio físico de sobrecarga de dos meses de duración, hasta el fallo muscular, sobre el perfil lipídico de adultos sedentarios. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de tipo experimental, con pre-prueba y pos-prueba, en una muestra de 16 sujetos que fueron divididos en dos grupos: adherente (GA, n=8, edad=34.88+6.89 años) y no adherente (GNA, n=8, edad=35.13+6.64años). La muestra es de tipo no probabilística, con sujetos elegidos de manera no aleatoria por conveniencia. Los participantes del GA fueron sometidos a ejercicio físico de sobrecarga hasta el fallo muscular dos veces por semana durante dos meses. Antes y 72 horas después de la última sesión de intervención, se evaluó, en ambos grupos (en ayuno ≥12 horas), colesterol total (Col-total), colesterol HDL (C-HDL), colesterol LDL (C-LDL) y triglicéridos (TG). Resultados. Posterior a la intervención no se encontraron diferencias significativas (p>0.05) en Col-total, C-HDL, C-LDL y TG. Conclusiones. Si bien se observa una tendencia a la baja en el perfil lipídico, una mayor duración y/o frecuencia de intervención podría ser necesaria para modificar significativamente las variables plasmáticas.


Background. Today, physical inactivity in Chile, rather than a fashion aspect is a serious health problem associated with the development of chronic non-transmissible diseases. Objective.To determine the effects of a two-month overload exercise program up to muscular failure on the lipid profile of sedentary adults. Materials and methods. An experimental study type with pre-test and post-test carried out on a sample of 16 subjects divided into two groups. Group Adherent (GA, n = 8, age = 34.88 + 6.89 years) and Group non-adherent (GNA, n = 8, age = 35.13 + 6.64 years). The sample is a non-probabilistic type, with subjects chosen for convenience in a non-random way. GA participants underwent physical resistance exercise up to muscular failure twice a week during two months. Total cholesterol (total-Col), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were evaluated in both groups (fasting ≥12 hours) before and 72 hours after the last intervention session. Results. After the intervention there were not significant differences (p> 0.05) in total-Col, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG. Conclusions. While a downward trend in the lipid profile is noted, a longer duration and/or more frequent intervention may be needed to significantly alter the plasma variables.

12.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(3): 1036-1041, sept. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-142464

RESUMO

Antecedentes: en Chile, el incremento de la obesidad infantil ha llegado a ser un importante problema de salud pública. El objetivo del estudio es determinar y comparar los niveles de obesidad y sobrepeso de escolares, así como analizar su asociación con los niveles de condición física y predictores de riesgo cardiovascular. Pacientes y métodos: se realizó un estudio de asociación y comparación de variables por género y estado nutricional; se evaluaron 113 escolares (58 hombres y 55 mujeres) de entre 13 y 16 años de edad. Se midió el estado nutricional y el rendimiento físico a través de la batería utilizada por la Agencia de Calidad de la Educación en Chile. Resultados: el 57,5% de la muestra tuvo malnutrición por exceso. El contorno de la cintura y el porcentaje de masa grasa es mayor en las mujeres (p<0,05). El IMC no presentó diferencias significativas. Los hombres presentaron mejor rendimiento físico, en el salto, abdominales y Test de Navette (p<0,05). Respecto a la evaluación por estatus de peso en el rendimiento físico existieron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en las variables: abdominales, flexo-extensiones, Test de Navette y salto, con resultados superiores en los sujetos con normopeso. Los escolares con obesidad presentaron mayor porcentaje de masa grasa y contorno de cintura (p<0,05). Respecto a la asociación de variables según IMC, porcentaje de masa grasa y contorno de cintura, estas presentaron asociaciones negativas con el rendimiento físico. Conclusiones: el 57,5 % de los escolares evaluados presentó sobrepeso u obesidad, asociándose estos resultados negativamente con el rendimiento físico y con niveles aumentados de masa grasa y contorno de cintura, todos ellos indicadores de salud y predictores de riesgo cardiovascular (AU)


Background: in Chile, the increase of childhood obesity has become a major public health problem. The aim of the study is to determine and compare the levels of overweight and obesity of schoolchildren and their association with fitness levels and predictors of cardiovascular risk. Patients and methods: an association study and comparison of variables by gender and nutritional status was performed, 113 students (58 men and 55 women) between 13 and 16 years old were evaluated. Nutritional condition and physical performance through the set used by the agency of quality of education in Chile was measured. Results: 57.5% of the sample was overweight. The contour waist and fat percentage is higher in women (p<0.05). BMI was not significantly different. Men had better physical performance in jumping, abdominal strength, and Navette Test (p<0.05). Regarding the assessment of weight status on physical performance there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the variables; abs, flexion and extension, Navette Test and jump higher results in subjects with normal weight. Obese school students had a higher percentage of fat mass and waist contour (p<0.05). Regarding the association of variables according to BMI, body fat percentage and waist contour, these had negative associations with physical performance. Conclusions: 57.5% of the evaluated students were overweight or obese, associating these results negatively with physical performance, and increased levels of fat mass and waist contour, all these health indicators and predictors of cardiovascular risk (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Condicionamento Físico Humano/fisiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Circunferência Abdominal , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/estatística & dados numéricos
13.
Mot. hum. (En linea) ; 15(2): 109-115, jul.-dic. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-831136

RESUMO

El objetivo del estudio es determinar si el entrenamiento de fuerza de tipo intermitente modifica la composición corporal principalmente el porcentaje de grasa y masa muscular de jóvenes sedentarios universitarios. Estudio cuasi experimental con pre prueba y pos-prueba en una muestra de 8 sujetos sin grupo control, seleccionados de manera intencionada. Se realizó medición antropométrica al comienzo y al finalizar el programa de entrenamiento. Se concluyó que un programa de entrenamiento de 2 meses de duración con 3 sesiones semanales en días alternos, provoca disminución significativa (p<0,05) en la masa grasa y un aumento significativo (p<0,05) en la masa muscular, por lo cual se comprueba que el entrenamiento intermitente con sobrecarga, provoca cambios significativos en la fuerza máxima, y composición corporal en personas sedentarias.


The aim of the study is to determine whether strength training intermittent type body composition changes mainly fat percentage and muscle mass of young university sedentary. Quasi experimental study with pre-test and post-test on a sample of 8 subjects with no control group, selected intentionally. Anthropometric at the beginning and end of the training program was conducted measurement. It was concluded that a training program 2 months with 3 sessions per week on alternate days caused significant decrease (p <0.05) in fat mass and a significant increase (p <0.05) in muscle mass, which is proven by the intermittent resistance training causes significant changes in maximal strength, and body composition in sedentary people.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Composição Corporal , Exercício Físico , Força Muscular , Comportamento Sedentário
14.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 62(2): 193-198, abr.-jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-721233

RESUMO

Antecedentes. En los últimos años se ha evidenciado la importancia de investigar sobre la obesidad, incluyendo a grupos de sujetos que presentan necesidades educativas especiales permanentes, como es el caso del Síndrome de Down. Objetivo. Determinar la correlación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) con la circunferencia de cintura (CCi) y el IMC con la circunferencia de cadera (CCa) de los niños y adolescentes con síndrome de Down. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, donde se evaluaron 42 niños y adolescentes, 23 hombres (54,7%) y 19 mujeres (35,3%), entre 3 y 16 años de edad, alumnos de escuelas especiales de Temuco, Chile. Para obtener el IMC y la CCa se utilizó el método descrito por la OMS. Resultados. Se evidencia un alto grado de correlación entre IMC y CCi (0,776) y entre IMC y CCa (0,771). Además el 61,9% del total presentan sobrepeso u obesidad. El 52,1% de los hombres y el 73,6% de las mujeres presentan obesidad o sobrepeso. Discusión. A partir de los resultados, es recomendable la utilización de la circunferencia de cintura y cadera, además del IMC para la detección temprana de problemas asociados a la obesidad. Además de focalizar el trabajo a realizar con esta población especial, generando estrategias que involucren a distintos profesionales del ámbito de la salud y del ejercicio físico, permitiendo abordar sistémicamente desde los primeros años la prevención de la obesidad y las patologías asociadas.


Background. The importance of investigating obesity has grown during recent years, especially regarding groups of people involving long-term special education needs, such as Down's syndrome. Objective. Determining the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference and BMI and hip circumference in children and teenagers suffering Down's syndrome. Materials and methods. This cross-sectional study involved evaluating 42 children and adolescents aged 3 to 16 years old; 23 of them were male (54.7%) and 19 female (35.3%) and all were studying in specialised schools in Temuco, Chile. The method described by the WHO was used for obtaining BMI, waist and hip circumference measurements. Results. A high correlation was seen for both BMI and waist circumference (0.776) and BMI and hip circumference (0.771). It was also seen that 61.9% of the population studied were overweight or obese; 52.1% of the males and 73.6% of the females were either obese or overweight. Discussion. It is thus recommended that waist and hip circumference and BMI should be used for the early detection of obesity-related problems. Efforts should be specifically focused on this special population of people, leading to strategies involving healthcare workers in different areas as well as physical exercise. This would lead to the systematic prevention of obesity and associated pathologies from an early age.

15.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(4): 1326-1330, dic. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-627010

RESUMO

La obesidad es uno de los problemas de salud pública más importantes, por lo que su detección en forma temprana facilita la aplicación de estrategias preventivas. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el Índice de masa corporal (IMC), es un instrumento válido para determinar el estado nutricional de la población, afirmación no compartida por especialistas del alto rendimiento. Se realiza este estudio para correlacionar el IMC con la circunferencia de cintura (CC), indicador que permite predecir con mayor exactitud la obesidad central o abdominal. El segundo objetivo de esta investigación es describir la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad en personas con discapacidad. Se evaluó a 188 niños, adolescentes y adultos jóvenes de ambos sexos, 123 hombres (65,4 por ciento) y 65 mujeres (34,6 por ciento), entre 3 y 25 años de edad, alumnos de escuelas especiales de la ciudad de Temuco. Para obtener el IMC y la CC se utilizó el método descrito por la OMS, efectuándose la evaluación y clasificación de acuerdo a los puntos de corte por edad de la OMS. Existe un alto grado de correlación entre IMC y CC (0,846). El 49 por ciento del total de la muestra presentan sobrepeso u obesidad. El 43,9 por ciento de los hombres y el 58,4 por ciento de las mujeres presentan obesidad o sobrepeso. En cuanto a la circunferencia de cintura, el 54,3 por ciento de la muestra presenta riesgo relativo. En los hombres el 46,3 por ciento y en las mujeres el 69,2 por ciento presenta riesgo relativo. El 71,88 por ciento de las personas con síndrome de Down presentan sobrepeso y obesidad, seguidos por las personas con TGD y discapacidad intelectual con el 50 por ciento y el 46 por ciento respectivamente. El mayor riesgo relativo según la circunferencia de cintura, lo presentan las personas con discapacidad intelectual con el 58,6 por ciento seguido por los que presentan Síndrome de Down con el 56,3 por ciento.


Obesity is one of the most important public health issues and its early detection facilitates the implementation of preventive strategies. According to the World Health Organization, the Body Mass Index (BMI) is a valid tool for measuring the nutritional state of the population; however, high performance specialists do not share this assertion. The focus of this study is to correlate BMI with waist circumference (WC). The latter is an indicator that provides a more accurate prediction of the central or abdominal obesity. The second objective of this research is to describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in people with disabilities. A number of 188 children, adolescents and young adults of both sexes were assessed, 123 men (65.4 percent) and 65 women (34.6 percent) between the ages of three and twenty-five. All of them were students who attended special schools in Temuco city. BMI and the WC data were gathered using the method described by WHO's; therefore, the assessment and classification were carried out according to the WHO's cutoff points. There is a high degree of correlation between BMI and WC (0.846). A 49 percent of the sample was either overweight or obese. A 43.9 percent of men and 58.4 percent of women were either obese or overweight. As for waist circumference, 54.3 percent of the sample presented a relative risk. In men, 46.3 percent and a 69.2 percent in women presented a relative risk. The 71.88 percent of people with Down syndrome were overweight or obese, followed by people with intellectual disabilities and PDD with a 50 percent and 46 percent, respectively. The higher relative risk, according to waist circumference, was in people with intellectual disabilities with a 58.6 percent, followed by people with Down syndrome 56.3 percent.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Índice de Massa Corporal , Pessoas com Deficiência , Circunferência da Cintura , Chile , Crianças com Deficiência , Obesidade , Sobrepeso
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