Multi-informant evaluation of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (formerly Slow Cognitive Tempo). Children's self-reported measures in relation to parents / Evaluación multi-informante del Síndrome de Desconexión Cognitiva (anteriormente Tempo Cognitivo Lento). Medidas autoinformadas de los niños con relación a padres

El objetivo fue examinar, desde una aproximación multi-informante, las medidas del Síndrome de Desconexión Cognitiva (SDC) de padres/madres e hijos/as y su relación con síntomas internalizantes y externalizantes. 279 niños/as (9-13 años), y sus padres/madres completaron las evaluaciones sobre SDC, la inatención del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) y otras medidas internalizadas y externalizadas. Los ítems de las tres medidas de SDC convergieron razonablemente bien en el factor SDC. Se aportaron pruebas discriminantes de la validez de las relaciones entre las puntuaciones de las pruebas y las medidas de los tres constructos diferentes (SDC, soledad y preferencia por la soledad). La asociación más estrecha estuvo entre la evaluación parental de las medidas de SDC con ansiedad y depresión, y entre inatención con hiperactividad/impulsividad y trastorno negativista desafiante. Se observó capacidad predictiva de la medida de SDC sobre la soledad y preferencia por estar solo autoinformadas. Se encontró una posible asociación entre la medida del SDC evaluado por padres/madres y sexo y edad de los niños. En conclusión, los datos apoyan la inclusión de medidas autoinformadas en la evaluación del SDC. Las medidas del SDC en niños se vinculan con medidas internalizantes y, la inatención con las externalizantes.(AU)

Impact of Diabetic Foot Multidisciplinary Unit on Incidence of Lower-Extremity Amputations by Diabetic Foot.

BACKGROUND: One of the most devastating complications of diabetes is diabetes-related foot disease (DFD), which is a priority for public health systems. The 2016-2020 Catalonia Health Plan aimed to reduce the incidence of total and major lower-extremity amputations (LEAs) due to DFD by 10% in the population aged 45-74 years. The aim of the present study was to compare the incidence of LEA-DFD 5 years before and after the creation of the Diabetic Foot Multidisciplinary Unit at our Hospital. METHODS: We prospectively collected all cases of LEA-DFD performed at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020. Cases of LEA-DFD performed from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence of LEA-DFD between these periods was compared. RESULTS: A total of 457 LEAs due to DFD were performed in 316 patients. We observed a reduction of 27.9% [CI: 23.7-32.1%] in the incidence of total LEA in the 2016-2020 period in comparison with the period 2011-2016 (0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3 per 10.000 inhabitants/year, p < 0.001), as well as a reduction of 49.3% [CI: 44.6-53.9%] in the incidence of major LEA-DFD (0.15 ± 0.1 vs. 0.30 ± 0.1 per 10.000 inhabitants/year, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a Diabetic Foot Multidisciplinary Unit resulted in a significant reduction in the rate of amputations due to DFD in the population with diabetes in North Barcelona.

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and Child Sleep Problems in ADHD, Anxiety and Depression.

The main objective of this study was to analyse the relationship and differential contribution of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) and sleep problems in children in different psychopathological measures. A total of 1133 participants (612 fathers/mothers and 521 children aged 7-13 years in Years 3-6 of Primary Education) completed the scales on CDS, sleep problems, depression (DEP), anxiety (ANX) and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Similar and significant correlations were identified in the measures of CDS and sleep problems between fathers and mothers, obtaining a high coefficient between the two parents. However, weak correlations were found between fathers/mothers and children. The scores of CDS and the sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC) significantly predicted the internalising measures and ADHD, especially between SDSC and DEP. It was confirmed that sleep problems had a greater presence in the group of children with the highest ADHD scores, and especially in CDS and ADHD jointly. To conclude, the data indicate the importance of sleep problems in understanding CDS and its relationship with other psychopathological measures, especially ADHD, although to a greater extent with internalising symptoms, especially DEP.

Macronutrient Intake, Sleep Quality, Anxiety, Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Emotional Eating among Female Health Science Undergraduate Students.

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 provoked a myriad of challenges for people's health, poor life satisfaction and an unhealthy diet that could be associated with serious negative health outcomes and behaviours. University is a stressful environment that is associated with unhealthy changes in the eating behaviours of students. The association between diet and mental health is complex and bidirectional, depending on the motivation to eat; emotional eaters regulate their emotions through the increased consumption of comfort foods. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional habits, alcohol consumption, anxiety and sleep quality of female health science college students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 191 female undergraduate students in Madrid was used. Their body mass index and waist hip ratio were measured. The questionnaires used included the Mediterranean Diet Adherence test, AUDIT, Emotional Eater Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Food Addiction, Perceived Stress Scale and STAI questionnaires. RESULTS: We observed a high intake of protein, fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Overall, 9.5% never had breakfast, and 66.5% consciously reduced their food intake. According to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, they mainly slept 6-7 h, and 82% presented with a poor sleep quality; 13.5% presented moderate-high food addiction, and 35% had moderate Mediterranean Diet Adherence score. CONCLUSION: Female students' macronutrient imbalances were noted, with a high-level protein and fat intake diet and a low proportion of carbohydrates and fibre. A high proportion of them need alcohol education and, depending on the social context, they mainly drank beer and spirits.

The External Validity of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Versus Inattention in Behavioral, Social Interaction, and Academic Performance Measures.

BACKGROUND: The main objective was to replicate data on the external validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) dimension, versus ADHD Inattention (IN), with the Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) SCT subscale [ Cuestionario sobre el Comportamiento de Niños ] (Burns et al., 2015). METHOD: 273 mothers and 255 fathers evaluated their 9 to13 year old children on SCT, IN and other CABI internalizing externalizing, academic impairment and social interaction measures. RESULTS: As hypothesized, the relationship between SCT and externalizing measures, in contrast to IN, was practically nonexistent, whereas both measures were related to internalizing and social interaction measures. Thus, the unique predictive capacity of SCT and IN was significant and similar on internalizing measures, except in the case of shyness, where SCT was better, while IN was better on externalizing measures. CONCLUSIONS: The data largely replicated previous results: SCT, despite its relationship with IN, is capable of predicting a significant proportion of anxiety, depression, and excessive shyness problems and, unlike IN, functions as a protective measure for externalizing problems.

Results of Neurofeedback in Treatment of Children with ADHD: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in children and adolescents. Neurofeedback, a nonpharmaceutical treatment, has shown promising results. To review the evidence of efficacy of neurofeedback as a treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD. A systematic review of the specific scientific studies published in 1995-2021, identifying and analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCT). A total of 1636 articles were identified and 165 met inclusion criteria, of which 67 were RCTs. Neurofeedback training was associated with significant long-term reduction in symptoms of ADHD. Though limitations exist regarding conclusions about the specific effects of neurofeedback, the review documents improvements in school, social, and family environments.

The External Validity of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Versus Inattention in Behavioral, Social Interaction, and Academic Performance Measures / La Validez Externa del Tempo Cognitivo Lento Frente a la Inatención en Medidas Comportamentales, de Interacción Social y de Rendimiento Académico

Background: The main objective was to replicate data on the external validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) dimension, versus ADHD Inattention (IN), with the Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) SCT subscale [Cuestionario sobre el Comportamiento de Niños] (Burns et al., 2015). Method: 273 mothers and 255 fathers evaluated their 9 to13 year old children on SCT, IN and other CABI internalizing externalizing, academic impairment and social interaction measures. Results: As hypothesized, the relationship between SCT and externalizing measures, in contrast to IN, was practically nonexistent, whereas both measures were related to internalizing and social interaction measures. Thus, the unique predictive capacity of SCT and IN was significant and similar on internalizing measures, except in the case of shyness, where SCT was better, while IN was better on externalizing measures. Conclusions: The data largely replicated previous results: SCT, despite its relationship with IN, is capable of predicting a significant proportion of anxiety, depression, and excessive shyness problems and, unlike IN, functions as a protective measure for externalizing problems.(AU)

Antecedentes: El objetivo principal del presente trabajo ha sido replicar datos de la validez externa de la dimensión Tempo Cognitivo Lento (TCL), frente a inatención del TDAH (IN), con la versión española de la medida del TCL del Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) [Cuestionario sobre el Comportamiento de Niños] (Burns et al., 2015). Método: 273 madres y 255 padres evaluaron a sus hijos entre 9 y 13 años en TCL, IN y otras medidas internalizadas, externalizadas, de dificultades académicas e interacción social del CABI. Resultados: La relación de TCL con las medidas externalizadas, al contrario de IN, fue prácticamente nula, en cambio ambas medidas se relacionaron con las medidas internalizadas y de interacción social. La capacidad predictiva única de TCL e IN fue significativa y similar sobre las medidas internalizadas, excepto en el caso de timidez, donde TCL fue superior y, en cambio, en las medidas externalizadas fue superior IN. Conclusiones: Los datos replican en gran parte los resultados previos: el TCL, a pesar de su relación con IN, es capaz de predecir una parte significativa de problemas de ansiedad, depresión y timidez excesiva y, en cambio, al contrario de IN, resulta una medida protectora para los problemas externalizados.(AU)

Indirect methods to estimate hidden population. / Métodos indirectos para la estimación de poblaciones ocultas.

Estimating the prevalence of the so-called "hidden populations" can be challenging, because the identification of its members is difficult due to their socially sanctionable or illegal behaviours. This article provides a critical review of the most widely used methods for estimating the size of a hard-to-reach population. All are indirect methods, based on incomplete data sources. Depending on the available data, one method can be more appropriate than another. Besides, each method must fulfil a number of requirements, and each one may be subject to specific risk of bias. To choose the most suitable method, an accurate evaluation of the available data is necessary, and. if possible several methods should be used simultaneously to be able to compare the results and to critically evaluate if these results fit with the reality.

En determinadas situaciones podemos encontrar dificultades a la hora de calcular prevalencias en algunas poblaciones. Es el caso de personas que tienen comportamientos que son difíciles de identificar debido a que pueden estar sancionados socialmente o ser ilegales. Es lo que llamamos poblaciones ocultas. Este artículo proporciona una revisión crítica de los métodos más utilizados para calcular el tamaño de una población de difícil acceso. Se trata de métodos indirectos, que estiman la prevalencia de una población oculta basándose en fuentes de datos incompletas. Se exponen diferentes métodos, cada uno de ellos tiene diferentes indicaciones para ser utilizado, dependiendo de los datos de los que dispongamos. Además, precisan de una serie de requisitos para poder ser aplicados y cada uno está expuesto a diferentes tipos de sesgos. Por estos motivos, hay que valorar correctamente los datos disponibles para aplicar el método más preciso, y si fuese posible, utilizar simultáneamente varios métodos para poder comparar los resultados obtenidos, además de valorar críticamente los resultados y comprobar si se ajustan a la realidad.

[Indirect methods to estimate hidden population]. / Métodos indirectos para la estimación de poblaciones ocultas.

Estimating the prevalence of the so-called "hidden populations" can be challenging, because the identification of its members is difficult due to their socially sanctionable or illegal behaviors. This article provides a critical review of the most widely used methods for estimating the size of a hard-to-reach population. All are indirect methods, based on incomplete data sources. Depending on the available data, one method can be more appropriate than another. Besides, each method must fulfill a number of requirements, and each one may be subject to specific risk of bias. To choose the most suitable method, an accurate evaluation of the available data is necessary, and. if possible several methods should be used simultaneously to be able to compare the results and to critically evaluate if these results fit with the reality.

En determinadas situaciones podemos encontrar dificultades a la hora de calcular prevalencias en algunas poblaciones. Es el caso de personas que tienen comportamientos que son difíciles de identificar debido a que pueden estar sancionados socialmente o ser ilegales. Es lo que llamamos poblaciones ocultas. Este artículo proporciona una revisión crítica de los métodos más utilizados para calcular el tamaño de una población de difícil acceso. Se trata de métodos indirectos, que estiman la prevalencia de una población oculta basándose en fuentes de datos incompletas. Se exponen diferentes métodos, cada uno de ellos tiene diferentes indicaciones para ser utilizado, dependiendo de los datos de los que dispongamos. Además, precisan de una serie de requisitos para poder ser aplicados y cada uno está expuesto a diferentes tipos de sesgos. Por estos motivos, hay que valorar correctamente los datos disponibles para aplicar el método más preciso, y si fuese posible, utilizar simultáneamente varios métodos para poder comparar los resultados obtenidos, además de valorar críticamente los resultados y comprobar si se ajustan a la realidad.

Métodos indirectos para la estimación de poblaciones ocultas / Indirect methods to estimate hidden population

En determinadas situaciones podemos encontrar dificultades a la hora de calcular prevalencias en algunas poblaciones. Es el caso de personas que tienen comportamientos que son difíciles de identificar debido a que pueden estar sancionados socialmente o ser ilegales. Es lo que llamamos poblaciones ocultas. Este artículo proporciona una revisión crítica de los métodos más utilizados para calcular el tamaño de una población de difícil acceso. Se trata de métodos indirectos, que estiman la prevalencia de una población oculta basándose en fuentes de datos incompletas. Se exponen diferentes métodos, cada uno de ellos tiene diferentes indicaciones para ser utilizado, dependiendo de los datos de los que dispongamos. Además, precisan de una serie de requisitos para poder ser aplicados y cada uno está expuesto a diferentes tipos de sesgos. Por estos motivos, hay que valorar correctamente los datos disponibles para aplicar el método más preciso, y si fuese posible, utilizar simultáneamente varios métodos para poder comparar los resultados obtenidos, además de valorar críticamente los resultados y comprobar si se ajustan a la realidad (AU)

Estimating the prevalence of the so-called "hidden populations" can be challenging, because the identification of its members is difficult due to their socially sanctionable or illegal behaviors. This article provides a critical review of the most widely used methods for estimating the size of a hard-to-reach population. All are indirect methods, based on incomplete data sources. Depending on the available data, one method can be more appropriate than another. Besides, each method must fulfill a number of requirements, and each one may be subject to specific risk of bias. To choose the most suitable method, an accurate evaluation of the available data is necessary, and. if possible several methods should be used simultaneously to be able to compare the results and to critically evaluate if these results fit with the reality (AU)

Optical properties of supra-nano spherical filled resin composites compared to nanofilled, nano-hybrid and micro-hybrid composites.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the optical properties of supra-nano spherical filled resin composites and the nanofilled, nano-hybrid and microhybrid composites using the Kubelka-Munk Theory. Diffuse reflectance of samples (Shade A2) was measured against white and black backgrounds, using a spectroradiometer, using a viewing booth with D65 illuminant and d/0º geometry. S and K coefficients and T were calculated using Kubelka-Munk's equations. The spectral behavior of S, K and T was similar for all dental resin composites analyzed (VAF close to 100%), even though they were, generally, statistically different (p≤0.05). The K-M T values overestimate the real value of Transmittance of the resin composites. Supra-nano spherical filled resin composites show the highest scattering and Transmittance when compared with the others materials, probably due to the shape and size of the filler. Such difference should be taken into consideration in a clinical situation to reproduce natural esthetic restorations.