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Background: Concerning about the quality of room air has increased exponentially. Specially in dental clinicswhere diary practice is characterized by the important generation of aerosols.Material and Methods: An in vitro model was used in which samples were collected from the surfaces and roomair of a dental clinic before and after the use of an OH˙ radical generator.Results: A total of 1260 samples were collected for bacteriological analysis and 14 samples for the detection ofSARS-CoV-2. Following OH˙ treatment, the tested surface samples showed a decrease in the number of colonyforming units (CFUs) of 76.9% in TSA culture medium. The circulating room air samples in turn showed adecrease in CFUs of 66.7% in Sabouraud medium and 71.4% in Mannitol agar medium. No presence of SARS-CoV-2 was observed on the surface of the face shield.Conclusions: The disinfectant technology based on the use of hydroxyl radicals (OH˙) is effective in reducing thepresence of moulds and yeasts and Staphylococcus in the air, and in reducing total aerobic bacteria on the testedsurfaces.(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Técnicas In Vitro , Radical Hidroxila , Clínicas Odontológicas , Desinfecção , Incrustação Biológica , Odontologia , Saúde Bucal , Medicina Bucal , Higiene BucalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is the gold standard for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis and screening, but endoscopy services are usually overburdened. This study aims to investigate the usefulness of fecal hemoglobin (fHb) and calprotectin (FC) for the identification of patients with high probability of CRC who need urgent referral. METHODS: In a multicenter prospective study, we enrolled symptomatic patients referred from primary care for colonoscopy. Prior to bowel preparation, fHb and FC quantitative tests were performed. The diagnostic performance was estimated for each biomarker/combination. We built a multivariable predictive model based on logistic regression, translated to a nomogram and a risk calculator to assist clinicians in the decision-making process. RESULTS: The study included 1224 patients, of whom 69 (5.6%) had CRC. At the fHb cut-offs of >0 and 10 µg/g, the negative predictive values for CRC were 98.8% (95% confidence interval 97.8%-99.3%) and 98.6% (95%CI 97.7%-99.1%), and the sensitivities were 85.5% (95%CI 75.0%-92.8%) and 79.7% (95%CI 68.3%-88.4%), respectively. When we added the cut-off of 150 µg/g of FC to both fHb thresholds, the sensitivity of fecal tests improved. In the multivariate logistic regression model, the concentration of fHb was an independent predictor for CRC; age and gender were also independently associated with CRC. CONCLUSIONS: fHb and FC are useful as part of a triage tool to identify those symptomatic patients with high probability of CRC. This can be easily applied by physicians to prioritize high-risk patients for urgent colonoscopy.
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Colonoscopia , Sangue Oculto , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
Background: A systematic review was carried out to compare the disinfectant capacity of hydroxyl radicals (OH-) versus other products commonly used for disinfecting the air and surfaces. Material and Methods: A literature search was made of the Cochrane Library, PubMed (MEDLINE) and Scopus databases. "In vitro" studies evaluating disinfection methods applicable to several surfaces and room air were included in the search. The search was carried out in April 2022, with no restrictions in terms of language or publication date. Results: Of the 308 articles identified from the initial search, 8 were included for the quantitative analysis. All publications corresponded to experimental "in vitro" studies. Seven of them evaluated biocidal action against bacteria, and only two assessed activity against viral loads. The generation of contaminants secondary to application of the disinfectants was only analyzed in one of the studies, with the conclusion that the production of peroxyl radicals (RO2) derived from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is greater when chemical surface disinfectants are used versus air disinfection systems. Conclusions: The disinfection capacities of the currently available methods are similar, and none of them are able to replace the use of additional physical protection measures. Key words:Disinfection methods, hydroxyl radical, environment, surfaces, dentistry.
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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC), a major health concern, is developed depending on environmental, genetic and microbial factors. The microbiome and metabolome have been analyzed to study their role in CRC. However, the interplay of host genetics with those layers in CRC remains unclear. METHODS: 120 individuals were sequenced and association analyses were carried out for adenoma and CRC risk, and for selected components of the microbiome and metabolome. The epistasis between genes located in cholesterol pathways was analyzed; modifiable risk factors were studied using Mendelian randomization; and the three omic layers were used to integrate their data and to build risk prediction models. RESULTS: We detected genetic variants that were associated to components of metabolome or microbiome and adenoma or CRC risk (e.g., in LINC01605, PROKR2 and CCSER1 genes). In addition, we found interactions between genes of cholesterol metabolism, and HDL cholesterol levels affected adenoma (p = 0.0448) and CRC (p = 0.0148) risk. The combination of the three omic layers to build risk prediction models reached high AUC values (>0.91). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the three omic layers allowed for the finding of biological mechanisms related to the development of adenoma and CRC, and each layer provided complementary information to build risk prediction models.
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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer progression, including invasion and metastasis, is a major cause of death among CRC patients. Current methods for CRC screening commonly consist of a combination of faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for stool occult blood detection and invasive procedures such as colonoscopy. Considering the slow progression of CRC, and that symptoms usually emerge at advanced stages, its early diagnostic can limit cancer's spread and provide a successful treatment. Biomarkers have a high potential for the diagnosis of CRC in either blood or stool samples. METHODS: In this study, we analysed the diagnostic value of six different biomarkers in stool samples of patients with CRC, advanced adenomas, other lesions and healthy individuals. We have also assessed the overall performance of the combination of these biomarkers for CRC detection. RESULTS: The results indicate that haemoglobin (Hb) and M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) levels were increased in CRC patients in comparison to the controls. Conversely, the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were not significantly different between the tested groups. CONCLUSION: The combination of FIT-Hb with the M2-PK levels increased the specificity or sensitivity for CRC detection and thus present potential as faecal diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Background: Periapical surgery focuses on the treatment of teeth with persistent periapical lesions when ortho-grade root canal treatment fails. Although MTA® is the gold standard material for retrograde filling, Biodentine®- a tricalcium silicate-based cement - has been proposed in order to resolve several of its limitations. A systematicreview has been carried out to compare the physicochemical properties of Biodentine® versus MTA® as root-endfilling material in periapical surgery.Material and Methods: An electronic search was conducted by two independent examiners during March 2020 inthe Cochrane, PubMed-MEDLINE and Scopus databases. In addition, a manual search was made in specializedjournals. Comparative human or in vitro studies that evaluated bond strength, the presence of marginal gap andsealing ability were included. No restriction on publication date was applied. Animal studies, clinical cases, casesseries and expert opinions were excluded.Results: After analyzing 147 initially selected studies, 13 publications were included. Regarding bond strength,the studies seemed to evidence better performance of Biodentine® in both acidic and blood contaminatedenvironments. In relation to the presence of marginal gap and sealing ability, the studies yielded contradictory results. According to some authors, the sealing ability of Biodentine® is greater than that of MTA® during the first 24hours, though both materials prove equal after one week. Other authors recorded no significant differences.Conclusions: Considering the limitations and heterogeneity of the studies included, there is not sufficient evidence toconfirm the clinical superiority of Biodentine® as a root-end filling material in periapical surgery.(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Compostos de Alumínio , Compostos de Cálcio , Cimentos Dentários , Combinação de Medicamentos , Tratamento do Canal Radicular , Medicina Bucal , Saúde Bucal , Patologia Bucal , Cirurgia BucalRESUMO
Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death in developed countries, current diagnostic tests for early disease stages are suboptimal. We have performed a combination of UHPLC-MS metabolomics and 16S microbiome analyses on 224 feces samples in order to identify early biomarkers for both advanced adenomas (AD) and CRC. We report differences in fecal levels of cholesteryl esters and sphingolipids in CRC. We identified Fusobacterium, Parvimonas and Staphylococcus to be increased in CRC patients and Lachnospiraceae family to be reduced. We finally described Adlercreutzia to be more abundant in AD patients' feces. Integration of metabolomics and microbiome data revealed tight interactions between bacteria and host and performed better than FOB test for CRC diagnosis. This study identifies potential early biomarkers that outperform current diagnostic tools and frame them into the stablished gut microbiota role in CRC pathogenesis.
