Deep dermal granuloma annulare presenting as an eyelid tumor in a child, with review of pediatric eyelid lesions.

A case of deep dermal granuloma annulare (GA) involving the eyelid of a child is reported. GA presenting in the periocular region is rare and may mimic other lesions. The differential diagnosis of pediatric eyelid lesions is reviewed.

Early postoperative basal serum GH level and the GH response to TRH in relation to the long-term outcome of surgical treatment for acromegaly: a report on 39 patients.

During a 10-year period 39 patients with acromegaly, aged 23-73 years, underwent selective adenomectomy via a trans-sphenoidal or transfrontal (one case) approach. Six to 12 months after the operation, the serum level of growth hormone (GH) was reduced to less than 5 micrograms l-1 in 28 patients (74%) in at least two of three random samples and/or suppressed to less than 3 micrograms l-1 during an oral glucose load, thus fulfilling the commonly used criteria for a successful operation. In 10 patients these criteria for adequate GH reduction were not fulfilled, but their median S-GH level was reduced from 38 to 11 micrograms l-1 (P less than 0.01) after the operation. Surgery was successful in 11 of 13 (85%) patients with a microadenoma (less than 10 mm in diameter), in 10 of 14 (71%) patients with an adenoma of diameter greater than 10 mm but still enclosed in the sella, and in seven of 11 (64%) patients with locally invasive tumours. Impaired pituitary function was observed in 23% of the patients after surgery, independent of tumour size. In one patient the postoperative period was complicated by a lethal intracranial infection. During follow-up for 1-10 years, four patients relapsed, after 1, 1.5, 6 and 9 years, respectively. Patients for whom surgery appeared to have been ineffective at the evaluation 6-12 months postoperatively, or who later relapsed were identified by early (within 7 d) postoperative serum GH with a sensitivity of 90%. The accuracy for identification of a satisfactory outcome of surgery was 85%, and the predictive value was 90%. The corresponding values for the GH response to TRH measured 6-12 months postoperatively were 47, 40 and 54%, respectively. It is concluded that the basal level of serum GH measured 1-7 d postoperatively has higher sensitivity and specificity than the GH response to TRH 6-12 months postoperatively for evaluation of the effect of surgery on GH overproduction, and that it has a higher predictive power with regard to the long-term outcome of surgery for acromegaly.

Spinal granular cell tumor with subarachnoid hemorrhage: case report.

A granular cell tumor in the spinal canal that presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage is reported. The tumor was totally excised. The pathogenic and clinical aspects are discussed.

Cerebral ischemia symptoms in carotid artery occlusion: role of hemodynamic factors.

The acute outcome in 59 patients with carotid artery occlusion was studied and related to the angiographic pattern of collateral flow. No patient with TIA only had retrograde ophthalmic artery flow, although such a pattern was found in 50 percent of patients with stroke. In a follow-up study (mean 48 months), the same distribution of the collateral pattern was found on ultrasonic Doppler examination. The absence of substantial retrograde ophthalmic flow was associated with an increased contralateral carotid flow. The findings show that the efficiency of the collateral pathways, mainly the contralateral carotid artery and the circle of Willis, largely determines the outcome of carotid artery occlusion.

Neonatal and prospective follow-up study of infants delivered by vacuum extraction (VE).

Forty infants delivered by vacuum extraction have been studied in the neonatal period--neurological examination, neonatal CSF-examinations, skull X-ray examination, transillumination and sonoencephalography --and at 14 months of age--developmental and behavioural evaluation, neurological examination, skull X-ray examination, sonoencephalography and electroencephalography. Two infants died in the neonatal period but in both cases a life-threatening situation of the fetus required immediate delivery. CSF cytological signs of haemorrhage were observed in 42% of the 26 infants who had a successful lumbar tap, compared to 10% found in normal deliveries. The result of the neonatal neurological study did not differ from that in a control group. The result of the skull X-ray examination and sonoencephalography were also within normal limits. In the follow-up study behavioural problems were found in 25%, but otherwise very few abnormalities were found. The deviatiosn found do not for the present indicate any later signs of brain lesions. It is concluded that this prospective study has shown that VE-delivery in fullterm babies seem to imply no risk fo serious cerebral sequelae. Further follow-up studies at a later age in order to evaluate the incidence of so-called minimal brain damage in VE-delivered children are required.