RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Nutritional rickets may be a preventable cause of craniosynostosis. This potential association is under-recognised. A late diagnosis of craniosynostosis may result in reduced brain growth, raised intracranial pressure and long-term psychosocial problems. CASE PRESENTATION: We present four cases of craniosynostosis associated with nutritional rickets. Those who had delayed presentation underwent emergency craniotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of nutritional rickets and early identification of craniosynostosis can reduce morbidity in these children.
Assuntos
Craniossinostoses/patologia , Raquitismo Hipofosfatêmico Familiar/complicações , Pré-Escolar , Craniossinostoses/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , PrognósticoRESUMO
HIV-specific Elispot responses were investigated in 57 antiretroviral therapy-naive children, of median age 9.9 years. CD8(+) T-cell responses were detected in 96% children; Nef was the immunodominant protein. Responses broadened over time, but there was no association between magnitude, breadth or specificity of response and viraemia. Gag-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses, detectable in 26% children, correlated inversely with viraemia (R = -0.43, P < 0.001), suggesting that preservation of this cell population may be an important goal of therapeutic/vaccine strategies.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Genes gag/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , HIV-1/imunologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Carga ViralRESUMO
KwaZulu Natal has the highest rates of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Teams of British nurses and doctors visit the province regularly to help staff there learn about antiretroviral therapy.
