Exposure of Undergraduate Nursing Students to Standing Environments: A Longitudinal Study on Plantar Force and Pressure Distribution.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the link between plantar force, pressure, and foot discomfort is important for nursing students' well-being, given the prevalence of foot and ankle musculoskeletal disorders among nurses. Assessing these factors can inform tailored self-care interventions, supporting holistic nursing education. PURPOSE: To assess the plantar force and pressure distribution of third-year nursing students at baseline and after 5 months of exposure to a clinical setting. METHODS: A prospective cohort study in a Portuguese nursing school measured changes in podiatric profile at 5 months, including peak pressure, maximum force, and contact area. RESULTS: Elevated mean peak pressure in the heel correlated positively with maximum force and contact area. Negative correlations were found between the contact area and edema. Peak pressure correlated positively with thigh pain, indicating pressure transfer to metatarsal heads. CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the importance of integrating ergonomic education into nursing curricula and raising awareness of self-care interventions.

Adaptation and Validation of the Self-Administered Foot Health Assessment Instrument for Portuguese Undergraduate Nursing Students.

Background and Purpose: To translate and adapt the Self-Administered Foot Health Assessment Instrument from English to European Portuguese and explore its reliability and validity among undergraduate nursing students in Portugal. Methods: The study was divided into two phases. First, the translation and cross-cultural adaptation followed Beaton's guidelines, with a pretesting of the final version with 30 students. The validation process used the content validity index with a minimum of 75% agreement between experts and Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. The second step provided the results of the principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, which were performed to study the overall fit of the model and item correlations. The STROBE checklist was used. Results: The Portuguese version, Instrumento de Auto-Avaliação da Saúde do Pé (IAASP), showed an overall acceptable evidence regarding content validity and internal consistency. The factor analysis results suggested removing the "Foot pain" dimension from the original scale. Conclusions: IAASP is suggested to maintain the original 22-item structure, with four domains, "Skin health," "Nail health," "Foot structure," and "Foot pain," being an initial reliable version with interest to measure the current foot health of nursing students. Future studies should contribute to IAASP's continuous improvement.

Foot and Ankle Disorders in Nurses Exposed to Prolonged Standing Environments: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged standing environments constitute an occupational risk factor for nurses, particularly for developing foot and ankle disorders. The definitions and potential relationship to hours spent walking or standing are poorly understood. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the main disorders found on nurses' ankles and feet, their prevalence, the influence of hours spent walking or standing, and gender differences. METHODS: This review followed a previously published protocol. Primary and secondary studies were retrieved from relevant databases from December 2020 to March 2021. Potential articles were collated to Mendeley, and two independent reviewers assessed the title and abstracts. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were included. Two researchers retrieved and reviewed the full text of these studies independently. A predetermined extraction tool was used to retrieve relevant data, summarized in a tabular and narrative format. FINDINGS: The most common disorder was pain, followed by numbness, burning feet, bunions, structural deformities, and calluses. Prevalence differed among studies, depending on settings and specific local policies. Discussion: Various foot and ankle disorders and related variables have been found, with clear gaps that may be addressed in the future. CONCLUSION/APPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE:: Few studies have focused on nurses' foot and ankle disorders. Mapping signs and symptoms may contribute to the future development of preventive interventions for nurses' workplaces.

Usabilidade teórica de um dispositivo inovador de reabilitação para doentes pós-enfarte: Estudo observacional com enfermeiros de reabilitação / Theoretical usability of an innovative device for post-infarction rehabilitation: Observational study with rehabilitation nurses / Usabilidad teórica de un dispositivo innovador para la rehabilitación posinfarto: Estudio observacional con enfermeros de rehabilitación

Resumo Enquadramento: Os programas de reabilitação cardíaca são fundamentais para a recuperação e manutenção da capacidade funcional em pessoas vítimas de enfarte agudo do miocárdio. Os programas atuais evidenciam taxas de abandono elevadas e requerem mais elementos geradores de motivação nos utilizadores. Objetivos: Avaliar e comparar a usabilidade de dois protótipos de um dispositivo de reabilitação inovador para doentes pós enfarte agudo do miocárdio. Metodologia: Estudo observacional quantitativo, utilizando uma escala do tipo Likert de 5 pontos numa amostra de 16 enfermeiros especialistas em reabilitação, selecionados através da técnica de amostragem "bola de neve". Resultados: A análise quantitativa revelou uma avaliação tridimensional dos protótipos com uma pontuação média de 4 valores, indicando usabilidade e intenção de uso. Ambos os protótipos foram considerados úteis, funcionais e fáceis de aprender e utilizar, observando-se poucas diferenças nas três dimensões. A facilidade de aprendizagem revelou-se mais consensual no protótipo Alfa. Conclusão: Os dois protótipos desenvolvidos alcançaram pontuações de usabilidade elevadas e são muito semelhantes, apresentando um forte potencial de eficácia no contexto desejado.

Abstract Background: Cardiac rehabilitation programs are essential for recovering and maintaining functional capacity in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Current programs have high dropout rates and require more motivational features. Objectives: To assess and compare the usability of two prototypes of an innovative rehabilitation device for post-infarction patients. Methodology: This is a quantitative observational study using a 5-point Likert-type scale with 16 nurse specialists in rehabilitation, selected through snowball sampling. Results: The quantitative analysis showed a three-dimensional assessment of the prototypes with mean scores of 4, indicating usability and intention to use. Both prototypes were considered useful, functional, and easy to learn and use, with few differences reported on the three dimensions. The ease of learning was more consensual in the Alpha prototype. Conclusion: The two developed prototypes present high usability scores and are very similar, demonstrating great potential for effectiveness in the intended context.

Resumen Marco contextual: Los programas de rehabilitación cardíaca son esenciales para la recuperación y el mantenimiento de la capacidad funcional de los pacientes que han sufrido un infarto agudo de miocardio. Los programas actuales tienen altas tasas de abandono y requieren más características de motivación. Objetivos: El estudio pretende cuantificar y comparar la usabilidad de dos prototipos de un dispositivo innovador para la rehabilitación de pacientes que han sufrido un infarto. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo observacional con enfermeros especialistas en rehabilitación, para lo cual se aplicó una escala tipo Likert de 5 puntos. Se reunieron 16 participantes con un método de muestreo por bola de nieve. Resultados: El análisis cuantitativo mostró una evaluación tridimensional de los prototipos con una puntuación media de 4, lo que denota la facilidad de uso y la intención de uso. Ambos prototipos se consideraron útiles, funcionales y fáciles de aprender y utilizar, con pocas diferencias en las tres dimensiones. La facilidad de aprendizaje se consensuó más en el prototipo alfa. Conclusión: Ambos prototipos desarrollados presentan altos valores de usabilidad y son muy similares, con gran potencial para ser efectivos en el contexto deseado.

Prevalência e caracterização de acidentes domésticos e lazer de idosos em contexto comunitário: Estudo observacional transversal / Prevalence and characterization of home and leisure accidents of Community-dwelling older people: An observational cross-sectional study / Prevalencia y caracterización de los accidentes domésticos y de ocio de las personas mayores en entornos comunitarios: Un estudio observacional transversal

Resumo Enquadramento: O envelhecimento da população contribui para o aumento de acidentes domésticos, com graves consequências pessoais, familiares, sociais. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência e caraterísticas de acidentes domésticos em pessoas idosas clientes de unidades funcionais de um Centro de Saúde. Metodologia: Estudo observacional transversal, amostra não probabilística, por conveniência, de 139 pessoas idosas. Resultados: As quedas no domicílio são os acidentes domésticos com maior prevalência nos últimos 12 meses, em sequência de escorregamento. Observaram-se algumas associações baixas, mas estatisticamente significativas, entre o número de quedas, o risco de queda e medo de cair, e entre a idade, o risco de queda e medo de cair. Conclusão: Os resultados observados implicam medidas adequadas por parte dos enfermeiros, integrados em equipas interdisciplinares. A realização de novos estudos de cariz longitudinal, permitirá a monitorização das medidas adotadas e as adaptações necessárias para prevenir e diminuir o risco de queda, e melhorar a qualidade de vida da população envelhecida.

Abstract Background: Population aging contributes to an increase in home accidents, with serious personal, family, and social consequences. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and characteristics of home accidents in older people using functional units of a Health Center. Methodology: Cross-sectional, observational study with a non-probability convenience sample of 139 older people. Results: Falls at home are the most prevalent home accident in the past 12 months, as a consequence of slipping. Some low but statistically significant associations were observed between the number of falls, risk of falling, and fear of falling, and between age, risk of falling, and fear of falling. Conclusion: The results indicate that nurses, integrated into interdisciplinary teams, should take appropriate measures. Further longitudinal studies will allow monitoring the measures adopted and the necessary adaptations to prevent and reduce the risk of falling and improve the quality of life of the aging population.

Resumen Marco contextual: El envejecimiento de la población contribuye a aumentar los accidentes domésticos, con graves consecuencias personales, familiares y sociales. Objetivos: Evaluar la prevalencia y las características de los accidentes domésticos en las personas mayores de las unidades funcionales de un centro de salud. Metodología: Estudio observacional transversal, muestra no probabilística, por conveniencia, de 139 personas mayores. Resultados: Las caídas en el domicilio son los accidentes domésticos más frecuentes en los últimos 12 meses, después de los resbalones. Se observaron algunas asociaciones bajas pero estadísticamente significativas entre el número de caídas, el riesgo de caídas y el miedo a caerse, y entre la edad, el riesgo de caídas y el miedo a caerse. Conclusión: Los resultados observados implican que los enfermeros, integrados en equipos interdisciplinarios, toman las medidas adecuadas. Otros estudios longitudinales permitirán hacer un seguimiento de las medidas adoptadas y de los ajustes necesarios para prevenir y reducir el riesgo de caídas y mejorar la calidad de vida de la población envejecida.

Funcionalidade e aprendizagem de um dispositivo de reabilitação para doentes pós-enfarte: Perspetiva de enfermeiros de reabilitação / Functionality and learning of a post-infarction rehabilitation device: The perspective of rehabilitation nurses / Funcionalidad y aprendizaje de un dispositivo de rehabilitación para pacientes que han sufrido un infarto: Perspectiva de los enfermeros de rehabilitación

Resumo Enquadramento: A patologia cardiovascular constitui uma das principais causas de morte e incapacidade em Portugal. Para a promoção da recuperação funcional da pessoa, o desenvolvimento de dispositivos de reabilitação é uma prioridade importante. Objetivos: Descrever dois protótipos do Ablefit a nível da funcionalidade e aprendizagem para doentes pós-enfarte. Metodologia: Investigação qualitativa com recurso a grupos focais. Foram recrutados enfermeiros especialistas em reabilitação por amostragem de conveniência. Resultados: Foram incluídos 16 participantes no estudo. Os protótipos são funcionalmente distintos, possibilitando o beta maior variação de resistência e introdução de progressão a nível do programa de exercícios. A função de biofeedback introduzida posteriormente permite adaptação do programa e facilita o regresso a casa. A cicloergometria para membros inferiores incluída no alfa é uma vantagem significativa e deverá ser melhorada. Conclusão: O protótipo alfa apresenta menos características funcionais e facilidade de aprendizagem que o beta, sendo limitativo na modulação da resistência dos exercícios, bem como na incapacidade de monitorizar os parâmetros fisiológicos. Recomenda-se explorar a funcionalidade de biofeedback em futuros protótipos.

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death and disability in Portugal. The development of rehabilitation devices is crucial for the promotion of functional recovery. Objectives: To describe the two Ablefit prototypes in terms of functionality and learning for post-infarction patients. Methodology: Qualitative research using focus groups. A convenience was composed of nurse specialists in rehabilitation. Results: The study included 16 participants. The prototypes are distinct in functionality: the beta allows for greater resistance variation and progressive exercise programs. The biofeedback feature allows adapting the program to the user and facilitates returning home. The cycloergometer for the lower limbs included in the alpha is a significant advantage and should be improved. Conclusion: The alpha prototype has fewer functional characteristics and lower ease of use than the beta, limiting the variety of exercise resistance and being incapable of monitoring physiological parameters. The biofeedback feature should be explored in future prototypes.

Resumen Marco contextual: La patología cardiovascular es una de las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad en Portugal. Para promover la recuperación funcional de la persona, el desarrollo de dispositivos de rehabilitación es una prioridad importante. Objetivos: Describir dos prototipos del Ablefit sobre la funcionalidad y el aprendizaje para pacientes que han sufrido un infarto. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa mediante grupos de discusión. Los enfermeros especializados en rehabilitación fueron seleccionados por muestreo de conveniencia. Resultados: Se incluyeron dieciséis participantes en el estudio. Los prototipos son funcionalmente diferentes, lo que permite a beta tener una mayor variación de resistencia e introducir la progresión en el programa de ejercicios. La función de biofeedback introducida posteriormente permite la adaptación del programa y facilita el regreso a casa. La cicloergometría para los miembros inferiores incluida en alfa es una ventaja significativa y debe mejorarse. Conclusión: El prototipo alfa tiene menos características funcionales y facilidad de aprendizaje que el beta, y es limitativo en la modulación de la resistencia a los ejercicios, así como en la incapacidad de monitorizar parámetros fisiológicos. Se recomienda explorar la funcionalidad de biofeedback en futuros prototipos.

Helmet-Noninvasive Ventilation for Hospitalized Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: Has Vaccination and the New Variants Changed Evidence?

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a technique for breathing support that significantly improves gas exchange and vital signs, reducing intubation and mortality rates. Helmets, unlike facemasks, allow for longer-term treatment and better ventilation, also being more cost-effective. As of today, we have found no reviews addressing this topic. This review aims to identify, map, and describe the characteristics of the use of noninvasive ventilation through helmet interface in critically ill COVID-19 adult patients hospitalized in acute care settings throughout the multiple moments that defined the COVID-19 pandemic. This scoping review will follow the methodology for scoping reviews proposed by JBI. A set of relevant electronic databases will be searched using terms such as COVID-19, helmet, and noninvasive ventilation. Two reviewers will independently perform the study selection regarding their eligibility. Data extraction will be accomplished using a researcher's developed tool considering the review questions. Findings will be presented in tables and a narrative description that aligns with the review's objective. This scoping review will consider any quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods studies and systematic review designs for inclusion, focusing on the use of helmet on critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in acute care settings.

Baropodometric Assessment of the Podiatric Profile of Nursing Students in Clinical Settings: A Study Protocol.

Introduction: Nursing students are exposed to increased risks of developing foot and ankle disorders due to prolonged standing and walking positions during clinical settings. This can lead to high dropout rates from nursing degree, thus contributing to a future shortage in nursing professionals. This protocol aims to develop a study to understand the influence of prolonged standing and walking positions on nursing students' foot health, and specifically to study the relationship between the podiatric profile (regional force and pressure exerted on the foot) and related signs and symptoms. Methods and Analysis: A prospective observational cohort study will be conducted with 194 nursing students. Participants will be asked to walk through a baropodometric platform before and after a 5-month clinical training session. Assessment will focus on the change in podiatric profile, namely foot posture and foot function, at 5 months, and changes in foot health at 5 months. The study will start in January 2022 and it's expected to end by June 2022. Discussion: The study aims to perform an innovative assessment of nursing students' podiatric profile, which will allow for a comprehensive description of foot/ankle changes and their relationship with prolonged standing and walking contexts. Ethics and Dissemination: The study was approved by The Ethical Committee of the Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), of the Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), with the approval code nr. P799_07_2021. The study was also recorded in ClinicalTrials.gov on the number NCT05197166. Findings will be used to publish articles in peer-review scientific journals and oral communications and posters at scientific meetings.

Physical Rehabilitation Programs for Bedridden Patients with Prolonged Immobility: A Scoping Review.

Bedridden patients usually stay in bed for long periods, presenting several problems caused by immobility, leading to a long recovery process. Thus, identifying physical rehabilitation programs for bedridden patients with prolonged immobility requires urgent research. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to map existing physical rehabilitation programs for bedridden patients with prolonged immobility, the rehabilitation domains, the devices used, the parameters accessed, and the context in which these programs were performed. This scoping review, guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) methodology and conducted in different databases (including grey literature), identified 475 articles, of which 27 were included in this review. The observed contexts included research institutes, hospitals, rehabilitation units, nursing homes, long-term units, and palliative care units. Most of the programs were directed to the musculoskeletal domain, predominantly toward the lower limbs. The devices used included lower limb mobilization, electrical stimulation, inclined planes, and cycle ergometers. Most of the evaluated parameters were musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, or vital signs. The variability of the programs, domains, devices and parameters found in this scoping review revealed no uniformity, a consequence of the personalization and individualization of care, which makes the development of a standard intervention program challenging.

Screening Tools Designed to Assess and Evaluate Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Adult Patients: A Scoping Review.

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia (OD) significantly decreases a patient's quality of life and poses a high economic burden to institutions. In this sense, evaluation and assessment are important interventions for health professionals, although current tools and instruments are multiple and are dispersed in the literature. The aim of this review was to map existing screening tools to assess and evaluate OD in adult patients, identify their relevant clinical parameters and respective contexts of use and provide a systematic approach and summary to better inform practice. A scoping review was developed guided by the JBI methodology and using PRISMA-ScR to report results published between 2014 and 2021, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Databases included Medline, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, Scielo, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, OpenGrey and B-On. Mendeley was used to store and screen data. A total of 33 studies were included in the study, of which 19 tools were identified, some being intervention-based tools and others an algorithm for decision. The most common context used was in the general population and older adults. Regarding clinical parameters, the most common were food consistency, presence of the cough reflex, swallowing effort, voice changes and weight. As oropharyngeal dysphagia concerns important risks for the patient, a rigorous assessment must be performed. In this sense, the review identified specific disease-related tools and more general instruments, and it is an important contribution to more efficient dysphagia screening and prevention.

Foot Disorders in Nursing Standing Environments: A Scoping Review Protocol.

Musculoskeletal disorders can be significantly disabling, particularly those related to work, when the underlying mechanisms and clinical variables are not well known and understood. Nurses usually remain in standing positions or walk for long periods, thus increasing the risk for the development of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly on the foot, such as plantar fasciitis or edema. This type of disorders is a major cause of sickness, absence from work, and also dropout ratios among nursing students, which contributes to the shortage of nursing professionals. This review will address foot disorders that arise from prolonged standing in nursing professionals and describe the main clinical parameters characterizing them, with exclusions for other health professions or disorders with other identified causes. English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish published studies from 1970 to the current year will be considered. The review will follow the JBI methodology, mainly though the PCC mnemonic, and the reporting guidelines for Scoping Reviews. The search will include main databases and relevant scientific repositories. Two independent reviewers will analyze the titles, abstracts, and full texts. A tool developed by the research team will aid in the data collection.

Rehabilitation Programs for Bedridden Patients with Prolonged Immobility: A Scoping Review Protocol.

Bedridden patients usually stay in bed for long periods, presenting several motor problems caused by immobility, such as reductions in muscle mass, bone mineral density and physical impairment, resulting in a long recovery process. Thus, identifying physical rehabilitation programs for bedridden patients with prolonged immobility is a matter of urgent research for a solution that will help health professionals and stakeholders to develop more adjusted programs and identify possible gaps. To date, no previous scoping reviews addressing this purpose have been found. This scoping review will be guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, will focus on physical rehabilitation programs for bedridden patients with prolonged immobility and aims to map the programs, the devices used, and the parameters assessed. A relevant set of electronic databases and grey literature will be searched. Data extraction will be conducted using a tool developed by the research team that will address the review objectives and questions. Data synthesis will be presented in tabular form and a narrative summary aligned with the review's objective. This scoping review will contribute to the improvement of clinical practice, identifying key challenges that might justify the need to develop new programs suitable in clinical and organizational contexts.

[Palliative rehabilitation interventions in palliative care: a scoping review]. / Interventi di riabilitazione palliativa in cure palliative: una scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Palliative rehabilitation is defined as the process of helping a person with a progressive, commonly advanced, and/or incurable disease reach their physical, psychological, and social potential consistent with physiological and environmental limitations and life preferences. However, the evidence on this subject is dispersed in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To examine and map interventions of palliative rehabilitation, implemented and evaluated in palliative care. METHODOLOGY: A scoping review, using the Joanna Briggs Institute's guideline, was conducted. Multiple databases were searched: CINAHL Complete; PubMed; Scopus; SciELO; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; PEDro, as well as grey literature for studies that focus on qualified healthcare professionals caring for patients 18 years of age or older, working in palliative care, that focus on the concepts of palliative rehabilitation interventions. RESULTS: Of the 314 studies retrieved, two were included in this review. Both were conducted with physiotherapists, and none mentioned nursing rehabilitation. One of the studies implemented and evaluated an intervention of exclusively physical domain and another of physical and emotional domain. The interventions still differ in the number of treatments which ranged from 4 to 7 sessions. Both studies were implemented in oncological and non-oncological patients. CONCLUSION: Further research is needed to explore the rehabilitation strategies used by healthcare professionals working in palliative care that help patients. Moreover, since nurses are often the healthcare professionals who are in closest proximity to, and who spend the most time with, the patient, which rehabilitation interventions do these professionals should be focus of intervention.

Programas de exercício físico para a dor músculo-esquelética relacionada com o trabalho: protocolo de scoping review / Exercise programs for work-related musculoskeletal pain: a scoping review protocol / Programas de ejercicio físico para el dolor musculoesquelético relacionado con el trabajo: protocolo de revisión exploratoria (scoping review)

Resumo Contexto: A dor a nível músculo-esquelético é um problema muito frequente em trabalhadores de diferentes contextos laborais. O exercício físico pode contribuir na prevenção e diminuição deste fenómeno. Objetivos: Mapear os programas de exercício físico para a dor músculo-esquelética relacionada com o trabalho. Método de revisão: Será considerada a estratégia de definição dos participantes, conceito e contexto (PCC) proposta pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. Serão incluídas as bases de dados: CINAHL Complete; PubMed; Scopus; SciELO; PEDro; SPORTDiscus. A pesquisa por estudos não publicados incluirá: DART-Europe; OpenGrey; RCAAP. Estudos publicados em inglês, espanhol e português serão considerados para inclusão e análise. A seleção dos artigos, a extração e síntese dos dados será desenvolvida por dois revisores independentes. Apresentação e interpretação dos resultados: Os dados analisados serão apresentados de forma diagramática, tabular e descritiva. Conclusão: O mapeamento de programas de exercício físico direcionados à prevenção de dores músculo-esqueléticas relacionadas com o trabalho poderá levar à reflexão sobre os mais adequados e a identificar áreas prioritárias.

Abstract Background: Musculoskeletal pain is a very common problem in workers from different sectors. Exercise can contribute to preventing and reducing this phenomenon. Objective: To map exercise programs for work-related musculoskeletal pain. Review method: The JBI PCC (Participants, Concept, and Context) strategy will be used. A search will be carried out in CINAHL Complete, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, PEDro, and SPORTDiscus databases. DART-Europe, OpenGrey, and RCAAP databases will be used to search unpublished studies. Studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese will be considered for inclusion and analysis. Two independent reviewers will select the studies and extract and synthesize the data. Presentation and interpretation of results: Data will be presented in a diagrammatic or tabular form, or using a descriptive summary. Conclusion: The mapping of exercise programs for preventing work-related musculoskeletal pain can lead to a reflection on the most appropriate programs and the identification of priority areas.

Resumen Contexto: El dolor a nivel musculoesquelético es un problema muy frecuente en trabajadores de diferentes contextos laborales. El ejercicio físico puede contribuir a la prevención y reducción de este fenómeno. Objetivos: Mapear los programas de ejercicio físico para el dolor musculoesquelético relacionado con el trabajo. Método de revisión: Se considerará la estrategia de definición de los participantes, el concepto y el contexto (PCC) propuesta por el Instituto Joanna Briggs. Se incluirán las bases de datos: CINAHL Complete; PubMed; Scopus; SciELO; PEDro; SPORTDiscus. La búsqueda de estudios no publicados incluirá: DART-Europe; OpenGrey; RCAAP. Se considerarán para su inclusión y análisis los estudios publicados en inglés, español y portugués. La selección de los artículos, la extracción y la síntesis de los datos serán desarrolladas por dos revisores independientes. Presentación e interpretación de los resultados: Los datos analizados se presentarán en forma de diagrama, tabla y descripción. Conclusión: El mapeo de los programas de ejercicio físico dirigidos a la prevención del dolor musculoesquelético relacionado con el trabajo puede llevar a reflexionar sobre los más adecuados y a identificar las áreas prioritarias.

Usability Assessment of an Innovative Device in Infusion Therapy: A Mix-Method Approach Study.

Background: Flushing a venous access device is an important procedure to maintain their patency and prevent malfunctioning and complications. An innovative double-chamber syringe was developed, allowing for the assessment of catheter patency, drug delivery and final flush. This study aims to assess the usability of this new device, considering three development stages (concept, semi-functional prototype, functional prototype). Methods: An iterative methodology based on a mix-method design (qualitative and quantitative) enabled the assessment of the devices' usability by their primary end-users. A usability questionnaire was developed and applied, along with focus groups and individual interviews to nurses. Results: The usability questionnaire integrated 42 items focused on four dimensions (usefulness; ease of use; ease of learning; satisfaction and intention to use). The initial psychometric findings indicate a good internal consistency and the conceptual relevance of the items. The scores seem to be sensitive to the usability evaluation of the medical devices in different stages of product development (with lower values on functional prototype evaluation), and related to nurses' perceptions about functional and ergonomic characteristics. Conclusions: Quantitative and qualitative data provided a comprehensive overview of the double-chamber syringes' usability from the nurses' point of view, informing us of features that must be addressed.

Brief Report on Double-Chamber Syringes Patents and Implications for Infusion Therapy Safety and Efficiency.

This review aimed to map the existing patents of double-chamber syringes that can be used for intravenous drug administration and catheter flush. A search was conducted in the Google patents database for records published prior to 28 October 2020, using several search terms related to double-chamber syringes (DCS). Study eligibility and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. Of the initial 26,110 patents found, 24 were included in this review. The 24 DCS that were found display two or more independent chambers that allow for the administration of multiple solutions. While some of the DCS have designated one of the chambers as the flushing chamber, most patents only allow for the sequential use of the flushing chamber after intravenous drug administration. Most DCS were developed for drug reconstitution, usually with a freeze-dried drug in one chamber. Some patents were designed for safety purposes, with a parallel post-injection safety sheath chamber for enclosing a sharpened needle tip. None of the DCS found allow for a pre- and post-intravenous drug administration flush. Given the current standards of care in infusion therapy, future devices must allow for the sequential use of the flushing chamber to promote a pre-administration patency assessment and a post-administration device flush.

Palliative rehabilitation interventions in palliative care: a scoping review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this scoping review is to examine and map interventions of palliative rehabilitation that are implemented and evaluated in palliative care. INTRODUCTION: Palliative rehabilitation is defined as the process of helping individuals with a progressive, often advanced or incurable disease reach their physical, psychological, and social potential consistent with physiological and environmental limitations and life preferences. Rehabilitation may prolong functional independence and improve quality of life. Information on palliative rehabilitation interventions, their characteristics, contexts, and population is dispersed throughout the literature, hence the need for a scoping review. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This scoping review will consider all studies that focus on qualified health care professionals working in palliative care who are caring for patients 18 years of age or older, and studies that focus on the concepts of palliative rehabilitation interventions. This scoping review will consider all palliative rehabilitation interventions implemented and evaluated in the context of palliative care. METHODS: The search strategy aims to find published and unpublished studies. The databases to be searched will include CINAHL Complete, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PEDro. The search for unpublished studies will include DART-Europe, OpenGrey, and RCAAP. Studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese carried out from 2009 onward will be considered for inclusion. Retrieved papers will be screened for inclusion by two reviewers. Data will be extracted and presented in tabular form and a narrative summary that aligns with the review's objective. Any disagreements that arise between the reviewers will be resolved through discussion or with a third reviewer.

Development of an innovative double-chamber syringe for intravenous therapeutics and flushing: Nurses' involvement through a human-centred approach.

BACKGROUND: In nursing practice, flushing the catheters pre and post-drug administration is considered an important clinical procedure to prevent complications, and requires the use of several syringes to comply with international standards of care. We envisioned an innovative double-chamber syringe that enables the filling and administration of both solutions. Following current international recommendations, the development of new medical devices should integrate Health Technology Assessment. The Human-centred design is usually used for that assessment purposes, as a method that actively include end-users in the devices development process. METHOD: Application of the Human-Centred Design through the involvement of nurses in the initial stages of the device development in order to accomplish the initial stages of Technology Readiness Level. A multi-method approach was used, including literature/guidelines review, focus groups with end-users and expert panels. RESULTS: The involvement of nurses enabled the definition of user requirements and contexts of use, as well as the evaluation of design solutions and prototypes in order to accomplish with usability and ergonomic features of the medical device. CONCLUSIONS: Significant contributions were made regarding the final design solution of this innovative double-chamber syringe.

Double-chamber syringe versus classic syringes for peripheral intravenous drug administration and catheter flushing: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The prevention of catheter-related complications is nowadays an important topic of research. Flushing catheters is considered an important clinical procedure in preventing malfunction and several complications such as phlebitis or infection. Considering the latest guidelines of the Infusion Nurses Society, the flushing should be carried out both pre- and post-drug administration, requiring different syringes (with associated overall increased times of preparation/administration of intravenous medication by nurses, and also increasing the need for manipulation of the venous catheter). METHODS/DESIGN: A multi-centre, two-arm randomised controlled trial with partially blinded outcome assessment of 146 adult patients. After eligibility analysis and informed consent, participants will receive usual intravenous administration drugs with flushing procedures, with a double-chamber syringe (arm A) or with classic syringes (arm B). The outcomes assessment will be performed on a daily basis by an unblinded ward team, with the same procedures in both groups. Some main outcomes, such as phlebitis and infiltration, will also be evaluated by nurses from a blinded research team and registered once a day. DISCUSSION: The study outlined in this protocol will provide valuable insight regarding the effectiveness and safety of this new medical device. The development of this medical device (dual-chamber syringe, for drug and flush solution) seems to be an important step to facilitate nurses' adoption of good clinical practices in intravenous procedures, reducing catheter manipulations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04046770. Registered 13 August 2019.

Study Protocol for Two-Steps Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial: Pre-Clinical Usability Tests for a New Double-Chamber Syringe.

A new double-chamber syringe (DUO Syringe) was developed for intravenous drug administration and catheter flushing. This study presents a protocol for pre-clinical usability tests to validate the golden prototype of this new device, performed in a high-fidelity simulation lab by nurses. A two-steps parallel randomized controlled trial with two arms was designed (with standard syringes currently used in clinical practice and with the DUO Syringe). After randomization, eligible and consented participants will be requested to perform, individually, intravenous drug administration and flushing, following the arm that has been allocated. The procedure will be video-recorded for posterior analyses. After the completion of the tasks, nurses will be asked to answer a demographic survey, as well as an interview about their qualitative assessment of the device. A final focus group with all participants will also be conducted. Primary outcomes will concern the DUO Syringe's effectiveness, efficiency, and safety, while secondary outcomes will focus on nurses' satisfaction and intention of use. The pre-clinical protocol was defined according to the legal requirements and ISO norms and was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing of the Nursing School of Coimbra.