RESUMO
Endophytic fungi colonize the inter- and/or intracellular regions of healthy plant tissues and have a close symbiotic relationship with their hosts. These microorganisms produce antibiotics, enzymes, and other bioactive compounds that enable them to survive in competitive habitats with other microorganisms. In addition, secondary metabolites confer protection to their host plant against other bacterial and fungal pathogens and/or can promote plant growth. Endophytic fungi are viewed as a promising source of bioactive natural products, which can be optimized through changes in growing conditions. The exploration of novel bioactive molecules produced by these microorganisms has been attracting attention from researchers. The chemical and functional diversity of natural products from endophytic fungi exhibits a broad spectrum of applications in medicine, agriculture, industry and the environment. Fungal endophytes can also enhance the photoprotective effects and photochemical efficiency in the host plants. Modern omic approaches have facilitated research investigating symbiotic plant-endophytic fungi interactions. Therefore, research on endophytic fungi can help discovery novel biomolecules for various biotechnological applications and develop a sustainable agriculture.
Fungos endofíticos colonizam as regiões inter e/ou intracelulares de tecidos vegetais saudáveis e possuem uma relação de simbiose com seus hospedeiros. Esses microrganismos produzem antibióticos, enzimas e outros compostos bioativos que os permitem sobreviver em habitats competitivos com outros microrganismos. Além disso, os metabólitos secundários conferem proteção à planta hospedeira contra outros patógenos bacterianos e fúngicos e/ou podem promover o crescimento vegetal. Os fungos endofíticos são considerados uma fonte promissora de produtos naturais bioativos, que podem ser otimizados por meio de mudanças nas condições de cultivo. A exploração de novas moléculas bioativas produzidas por esses microrganismos tem chamado a atenção dos pesquisadores. A diversidade química e funcional dos produtos naturais de fungos endofíticos exibe um amplo espectro de aplicações na medicina, agricultura, indústria e meio ambiente. Os fungos endofíticos também podem aumentar os efeitos fotoprotetores e a eficiência fotoquímica nas plantas hospedeiras. As abordagens ômicas modernas têm facilitado as pesquisas sobre as interações simbióticas entre plantas e fungos endofíticos. Portanto, a pesquisa sobre fungos endofíticos pode ajudar na descoberta de novas biomoléculas para diversas aplicações biotecnológicas e a desenvolver uma agricultura sustentável.
Assuntos
Endófitos , Fungos , Produtos Biológicos , BiotecnologiaRESUMO
Endophytic fungi colonize the inter- and/or intracellular regions of healthy plant tissues and have a close symbiotic relationship with their hosts. These microorganisms produce antibiotics, enzymes, and other bioactive compounds that enable them to survive in competitive habitats with other microorganisms. In addition, secondary metabolites confer protection to their host plant against other bacterial and fungal pathogens and/or can promote plant growth. Endophytic fungi are viewed as a promising source of bioactive natural products, which can be optimized through changes in growing conditions. The exploration of novel bioactive molecules produced by these microorganisms has been attracting attention from researchers. The chemical and functional diversity of natural products from endophytic fungi exhibits a broad spectrum of applications in medicine, agriculture, industry and the environment. Fungal endophytes can also enhance the photoprotective effects and photochemical efficiency in the host plants. Modern omic approaches have facilitated research investigating symbiotic plant-endophytic fungi interactions. Therefore, research on endophytic fungi can help discovery novel biomolecules for various biotechnological applications and develop a sustainable agriculture.