Perfeccionismo e representação vinculativa em jovens adultos / Perfectionism and attachment representations in young adults

As relações estabelecidas no seio familiar são extremamente importantes no desenvolvimento dos traços de personalidade dos indivíduos. O objectivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre o desenvolvimento do perfeccionismo e as representações de vinculação, numa amostra de 690 jovens adultos, com idades entre os 17 e os 30 anos. Os participantes preencheram um Questionário Sócio-Demográfico, duas Escalas Multidimensionais de Perfeccionismo (MPS-F e MPS-H) e um Inventário de Vinculação (IPPA). Os resultados indicam a existência de uma relação entre as dimensões maladaptativas do perfeccionismo e a representação de uma Vinculação Insegura à mãe e ao pai, enquanto as dimensões adaptativas do perfeccionismo relacionam-se com a representação de uma Vinculação Segura. Estes resultados sugerem que um dos factores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento do perfeccionismo é a natureza das relações parentais e consequentes interacções.(AU)

The relationships established within the family are extremely important in the development of individual personality traits. The goal of this study was to investigate the relation between the development of perfectionism and attachment representations in a sample of 690 young adults, aged between 17 and 30 years old. Participants completed two scales of Self-report Measure of Perfectionism (H-MPS and F-MPS) and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), as well as a Social-Demographic Questionnaire. Results indicate the existence of a relation between maladaptive perfectionism dimensions and an insecure attachment representation to parents, whereas adaptive perfectionism dimensions seem to be related to a secure attachment representation. The results suggest that one of the contributing factors to the development of perfectionism is the nature of parental relationships and their consequent interactions.(AU)

Perfeccionismo e representação vinculativa em jovens adultos / Perfectionism and attachment representations in young adults

As relações estabelecidas no seio familiar são extremamente importantes no desenvolvimento dos traços de personalidade dos indivíduos. O objectivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre o desenvolvimento do perfeccionismo e as representações de vinculação, numa amostra de 690 jovens adultos, com idades entre os 17 e os 30 anos. Os participantes preencheram um Questionário Sócio-Demográfico, duas Escalas Multidimensionais de Perfeccionismo (MPS-F e MPS-H) e um Inventário de Vinculação (IPPA). Os resultados indicam a existência de uma relação entre as dimensões maladaptativas do perfeccionismo e a representação de uma Vinculação Insegura à mãe e ao pai, enquanto as dimensões adaptativas do perfeccionismo relacionam-se com a representação de uma Vinculação Segura. Estes resultados sugerem que um dos factores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento do perfeccionismo é a natureza das relações parentais e consequentes interacções.

The relationships established within the family are extremely important in the development of individual personality traits. The goal of this study was to investigate the relation between the development of perfectionism and attachment representations in a sample of 690 young adults, aged between 17 and 30 years old. Participants completed two scales of Self-report Measure of Perfectionism (H-MPS and F-MPS) and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), as well as a Social-Demographic Questionnaire. Results indicate the existence of a relation between maladaptive perfectionism dimensions and an insecure attachment representation to parents, whereas adaptive perfectionism dimensions seem to be related to a secure attachment representation. The results suggest that one of the contributing factors to the development of perfectionism is the nature of parental relationships and their consequent interactions.

[Professional motivation and family medicine residency: a national study]. / Motivação profissional no internato médico de medicina geral e familiar: um estudo nacional.

BACKGROUND: Family medicine has some constraints, which may be considered critical for physicians' career choice, and motivation may be one of them. Motivation should be seen as a determinant of career success, particularly in educational context. The aim of this study was to develop an understanding about the family medicine residents' professional motivation, based on psychological and cognitive factors. OBJECTIVES: The following objectives were set: (1) to characterize the residents, in terms of cognitive-motivational variables; (2) to evaluate their assertive skills during the vocational training. METHOD: In 2005, we designed a mail survey applied to all graduates entering Family Medicine, in Portugal (N = 228), at the start of their specialty program. As part of a larger observational study, a 57 Likert scale items questionnaire was designed to collect descriptive data. In this cross sectional study we present data from professional project, professional commitment, intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy expectancies, results control expectancies, initial motivation to the specialty and assertiveness skills (cross sectional study). RESULTS: From the target population, 109 completed questionnaires (47.8%) were returned. Most of the participants indicated high levels of professional orientation (77.1%) for family medicine and 92.6% had been globally committed in practice. At the beginning of the residency, the participants had medium (59.6%) or high (33.9%) levels of motivation for choosing this specialty, 89% were intrinsically motivated and 60.5% proved to be quite assertive in their patient approach. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that medical graduates, studied in this research, were globally motivated for practicing in a Family Medicine context, contradicting the overall perception of a physicians' declined interest for this specialty. These results may have implications in the design of real-life training programs for postgraduate education in Family Medicine, a time when physicians are forming expectations about their career performance and professional well-being. Future researches should continue studying more deeply the professional motivation of that population, throughout the vocational training in Family Medicine residency.

[Motivation and support provided on training: a longitudinal study of a cohort of family medicine residents]. / Motivação profissional e apoio fornecido no estágio: estudo longitudinal de uma coorte de médicos do internato médico de medicina geral e familiar.

BACKGROUND: Having as main goal the development of a culture of professional excellence, the Family Medicine residency currently intends to correspond to the principles of adult learning approach, in which motivation for practicing is essential. OBJECTIVES: (1) To analyze the variability of Family Medicine residentes professional motivation, throughout the residency training; (2) To characterize Family Medicine residents perception about the support provided on training, during the residency; (3) To analyze the variability of Family Medicine residents perception about the support provided by the supervisor, throughout the residency. METHOD: Observational, quantitative and longitudinal study (2005-2008) of Family Medicine residents who participated in a survey on professional motivation. At the beginning of the residency in 2005 (N = 109) in Portugal, they were submitted to three assessment moments (n = 69) by a postal survey using a questionnaire with 57 Likert scale items, representing motivational variables--professional project, professional commitment, initial motivation, intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy expectations, self-control expectations, assertiveness and perception of the support provided on training program. Descriptive statistics and analytic tests (ANOVA--GLM repeated measures) were used to study the variability of the cognitive dimensions (a = 0,05). RESULTS: Although motivated to Family Medicine practice (response rate = 47.8%, at the study entry), the physicians professional motivation variability along the residency has presented slightly positive, at the end of the study, but not statistically significant. The physicians of our cohort responded by assigning a relatively high average levels in almost all items of the scale support provided on training during the residency, and its variation showed a positive trend, at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: This study produced results of an important phenomenon on which there is no published information in Portugal. It provides substantial evidence on the progression of professional motivation of this physicians` cohort and on their perception about strategies used by the supervisor. The structuring of residency program may include individual strategies aimed to increase the Family Medicine residents` motivation, with benefits for their performance.

Narrativa protótipo da depressão / Depression prototype narrative / Narrative prototype de la dépression / Narrativa prototipo de la depresión

Os objectivos da presente investigação foram os de identificar as características específicas das narrativas de vida, dos últimos 5 anos, de sujeitos deprimidos e analisar, em espelho, as diferenças em relação a narrativas semelhantes de sujeitos não deprimidos. Para tal foram seleccionados 10 casos clínicos com diagnóstico de depressão e 10 casos de sujeitos não deprimidos, em tudo equiparados aos primeiros, com excepção da sua condição clínica. A todos foi pedida uma narrativa escrita da sua história de vida, centrada nos últimos 5 anos. As narrativas assim produzidas foram sujeitas a análise de conteúdo, o que permitiu concluir que as narrativas dos sujeitos deprimidos se diferenciavam das do grupo de controle na medida em que evidenciaram um maior número de referências a acontecimentos de vida negativos, sendo os mais frequentes a vivência da doença, o fim duma relação amorosa, a morte duma figura afectivamente significativa e as emoções negativas associadas. Os acontecimentos de vida foram descritos de forma pessimista, evidenciando uma atenção predominantemente auto-dirigida, sem que tenham sido contempladas perspectivas alternativas. Além disso, os sujeitos deprimidos efectuaram atribuições de sentido internas, estáveis e globais face a acontecimentos negativos e atribuições externas, instáveis e específicas para os acontecimentos positivos. (AU)

The objectives of the present investigation were to identify the specific characteristics of life narratives, concerning the last 5 years, of depressed individuals, and to analyze, reflexively, the differences between these narratives and those from non-depressive individuals. In order to achieve such objectives, we selected 10 depression diagnosed clinical cases, and 10 cases not diagnosed as depressive, even though presenting a clinical condition similar to the depressed ones. All of them were asked to produce a written narrative of their life stories, focused on the last 5 years. The narratives produced were submitted to content analysis, which allowed us to conclude that the narratives of the depressed individuals differed from the ones in the control group because they showed a greater number of references to negative life events, being the most frequent ones the experiences of diseases, the breaking up of love relationships, the death of a beloved close person, and the negative emotions associated to any of those experiences. The life events were described in a pessimist way, emphasizing a predominant self-directed attention, without considering alternative perspectives. In addition to these elements, the depressed individuals attributed negative events to internal, global e stable characteristics, and external, unstable and specific characteristics to positive events. (AU)

Les objectifs de la présente recherche ont été d’identifier les caractéristiques spécifiques des récits de vie, des dernières 5 années, des sujets déprimés et analyser, par miroir, les différences concernant des récits semblables de sujets non découragé. Pour cela, on a sélectionné 10 cas cliniques diagnostiqués comme dépression et 10 cas de sujets non déprimés,dans tous égalisés à premiers, à l’exception de leur condition clinique. On leur a demandé de faire un récit écrit de leur vie, centralisés sur les 5 dernières années. Les récits ainsi produits ont été sujets analyse de contenu, CE qui a permis de conclure que les récits des sujets déprimés se différenciaient du groupe de contrôle dans la mesure où on vérifiait un plus grand nombre de références à des événements de vie négatifs, les plus fréquents étant l’expérience d’une e maladie, la fin d’une relation d’amour, le décès d’une figure affectivement significative et les émotions négatives associées. Les événements de vie ont été décrits de forme pessimiste, en éprouvant une attention majoritairement d’autodirigié, sans que des possibles alternatives soient envisagées. En outre, les sujets découragés ont effectué des attributions raisonnables d’internes, stables et globales face à des événements négatifs et des attributions externes, instables et spécifiques aux événements positifs. (AU)

Los objetivos de la presente investigación fueron: identificar las características específicas de las narrativas de vida em los últimos 5 años, de sujetos deprimidos y analizar, a través del espejo, las diferencias en relación a las narrativas semejantes con los sujetos no deprimidos. Así, fueron seleccionados 10 casos clínicos con diagnóstico de depresión e 10 casos de sujetos no deprimidos, llevando en consideración las características de los primeros, con excepción de su condición clínica. A todos se les solicitó una narrativa escrita de su historia de vida, centrada en los últimos 5 años. Asimismo, las narrativas producidas fueron sometidas a un análisis de contenido, lo que permitió concluir que lãs narrativas de los sujetos deprimidos se diferenciaron del grupo de control en la medida en que videnciaron un mayor número de referencias a acontecimientos negativos en sus vidas, siendo los más frecuentes la experiencia frente a La enfermedad, el fin de una relación amorosa, la muerte de una figura afectivamente significativa y las emociones negativas asociadas. Los acontecimientos de vida fueron descritos de forma pesimista, evidenciando una atención predominantemente auto-dirigida, sin señalar ninguna otra perspectiva alternativa. Además de eso, los sujetos deprimidos efectuaron atribuciones de sentido internas, estables y globales a los acontecimientos negativos y atribuciones externas, inestables y específicas para los acontecimientos positivos. (AU)

Narrativa protótipo da depressão / Depression prototype narrative

Os objectivos da presente investigação foram os de identificar as características específicas das narrativas de vida, dos últimos 5 anos, de sujeitos deprimidos e analisar, em espelho, as diferenças em relação a narrativas semelhantes de sujeitos não deprimidos. Para tal foram seleccionados 10 casos clínicos com diagnóstico de depressão e 10 casos de sujeitos não deprimidos, em tudo equiparados aos primeiros, em excepção da sua condição clínica. A todos foi pedida uma narrativa escrita da sua história de vida, centrada nos últimos 5 anos. As narrativas assim produzidas foram sujeitas a análise de conteúdo, o que permitiu concluir que as narrativas dos sujeitos deprimidos se diferenciavam das do grupo de controlo na medida em que evidenciaram um maior número de referências a acontecimentos de vida negativos, sendo os mais frequentes a vivência da doença, o fim duma relação amorosa, a morte duma figura afectivamente significativa e as emoções negativas associadas. Os acontecimentos de vida foram descritos de forma pessimista, evidenciando uma atenção predominantemente auto-dirigida, sem que tenham sido contempladas perspectivas alternativas. Além disso, os sujeitos deprimidos efectuaram atribuições de sentido internas, estáveis e globais face a acontecimentos negativos e atribuições externas, instáveis e específicas para os acontecimentos positivos.