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RESUMEN Fundamento: la pandemia de COVID-19 es la crisis sanitaria que define nuestro tiempo y que ha puesto a prueba los sistemas de salud en todo el mundo. Objetivo describir las características clínico epidemiológicas de pacientes sospechosos de COVID-19, en aislamiento durante el primer cuatrimestre del 2021. Métodos estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. El universo de estudio fue de 2 631 pacientes contactos y sospechosos de la enfermedad ingresados en dos centros de aislamiento en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos, desde enero hasta abril 2021. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, ocupación, municipio de residencia, antecedenetes epidemiológicos, comorbilidades y confirmación por la prueba de cadena de polimerasa en tiempo real. Se confeccionó una encuesta epidemiológica e historia clínica individual durante el aislamiento. Resultados: el 78,3 % de los pacientes en aislamiento fueron contacto de casos confirmados, los pacientes en edad laboral representaron el mayor porciento, con predominio del sexo femenino. El municipio de Cienfuegos aportó el mayor número de pacientes. El 59,2 % de estos tenía al menos una comorbilidad, más del 50 % eran hipertensos. El 8 % de los sospechosos fueron positivos a la COVID-19. Conclusiones el aislamiento de contacto y sospechosos como medida de contención de la pandemia representa una estrategia de impacto. Conocer las características de los pacientes aislados sirve como línea de base para el desarrollo de nuevas medidas sanitarias.
ABSTRACT Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is the defining health crisis of our time that has put health systems to the test around the world. Objective: to describe the clinical epidemiological characteristics of patients in isolation, during the first four months of 2021. Methods: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The study universe consisted of 2 631 patients who were contacts and suspected of the disease admitted to two isolation centers at the University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos, from January to April 2021. The variables were analyzed: age, sex, occupation, municipality of residence, epidemiological antecedents, comorbidities and confirmation by the real-time polymerase chain test. An epidemiological survey and individual medical history were prepared during isolation. Results: 78.3% of the patients in isolation were contacts of confirmed cases, the patients of working age represented the highest percentage, with a predominance of the female sex. The municipality of Cienfuegos contributed the largest number of patients. 59.2% of these had at least one comorbidity, more than 50% were hypertensive. 8% of the suspects were positive for COVID-19. Conclusions: the isolation of contact and suspects as a measure to contain the pandemic represents an impact strategy. Knowing the characteristics of isolated patients serves as a baseline for the development of new health measures.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Autoantibodies and clinical manifestations in polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) are affected by both genetic and environmental factors. The high prevalence of DM and anti-Mi-2 in Central America is thought to be associated with the high UV index of the area. The prevalences of autoantibodies and the clinical manifestations of PM/DM were evaluated comparing two cohorts in Mexico. METHODS: Ninety-five Mexican patients with PM/DM (66 DM, 29 PM; 67 Mexico City, 28 Guadalajara) were studied. Autoantibodies were characterized by immunoprecipitation using 35S-methionine labeled K562 cell extract. Clinical information was obtained from medical records. RESULTS: DM represented 69% of PM/DM and anti-Mi-2 was the most common autoantibody (35%), followed by anti-p155/140 (11%); however, anti-Jo-1 was only 4%. The autoantibody profile in adult-onset DM in Mexico City versus Guadalajara showed striking differences: anti-Mi-2 was 59% versus 12% (P = 0.0012) whereas anti-p155/140 was 9% versus 35% (P = 0.02), respectively. A strong association of anti-Mi-2 with DM was confirmed and when clinical features of anti-Mi-2 (+) DM (n = 30) versus anti-Mi-2 (-) DM (n = 36) were compared, the shawl sign (86% versus 64%, P < 0.05) was more common in the anti-Mi-2 (+) group (P = 0.0001). Levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were higher in those who were anti-Mi-2 (+) but they responded well to therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-Mi-2 has a high prevalence in Mexican DM and is associated with the shawl sign and high CPK. The prevalence of anti-Mi-2 and anti-p155/140 was significantly different in Mexico City versus Guadalajara, which have a similar UV index. This suggests roles of factors other than UV in anti-Mi-2 antibody production.
