RESUMO
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el síndrome de Burnout en una muestra de 477 trabajadores de la salud durante una epidemia por influenza AH1N1 en la Ciudad de México, e identificar si el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento tenía efectos protectores al Burnout. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con una muestra no probabilística por cuotas, utilizando como instrumentos el Maslach Burnout Inventory versión Human Services y la Escala de Afrontamiento Frente a Riesgo Extremos. Se hizo una distribución de frecuencia y de normalidad para analizar las diferencias, un análisis de varianza en Burnout y regresión lineal múltiple para estrategias de afrontamiento. A partir del análisis, se encontró que el 24% presentó el síndrome de Burnout en grado moderado (cansancio emocional y despersonalización, con presencia de realización personal); asimismo, fueron empleadas estrategias activas y pasivas. Se constató que el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento fue selectivo y las estrategias activas tuvieron una función moderadora al Burnout, protectora a la escala de cansancio emocional, que aumentó cuando presentaban realización personal. El estudio propone el desarrollo de investigaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas, así como el uso de modelos mixtos de intervención: centradas en las personas.
The aim of this study was to assess the Burnout syndrome in health workers during a contingency in Mexico City because of epidemiology AH1N1 influenza, and identify if the use of coping strategies had protective effects for the Burnout. We had a sample of 477 health workers and was performed a transversal descriptive study with a nonrandom quote sample. The instruments used were Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services version and scale measuring coping face to extreme risks. It was performed a frequency and normality distribution to analyze the differences, and also an analysis of variance in Burnout, and multiple lineal regression for coping strategies. We found that 24% had Burnout (in emotional exhaustion and a moderate degree depersonalization, with the presence of personal accomplishment). They were also employed active and passive strategies. We found that the use of coping strategies was selective, active strategies had a moderating role to Burnout and protective to the scale of emotional exhaustion, which seems to increase when there is personal realization. We propose the development of quantitative and qualitative research and the use of mixed models of intervention: focusing on people.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To measure the degree of stress among medical residents at a Third Level Hospital in Mexico City during the sanitary contingency caused by the AH1N1 influenza virus. METHODS: A transversal descriptive study with a non-probabilistic sample of 99 medical residents with different fields of specialization related to respiratory medicine. Researchers applied the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire to evaluate three dimensions: emotional fatigue, depersonalization, and personal fulfillment. The survey was self-administered and anonymous, and the study was conducted during the first AH1N1 influenza virus outbreak (April 23 to May 10, 2009). During that period, the hospital underwent a process of reorganization that included cancelling vacation periods for all medical residents and adjusting duty rosters. RESULTS: The highest proportion of medical residents with burnout syndrome was those in their second year of specialization in the area of pneumology. Results also showed that medical residents under 30 years of age had a higher probability of presenting burnout syndrome. No significant differences were found regarding the residents' place of origin.
