RESUMO
Two inverse 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole "click" ligands, 2-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine and 2-(4-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine, and their palladium(II), platinum(II), rhenium(I), and ruthenium(II) complexes have been synthesized in good to excellent yields. The properties of these inverse "click" complexes have been compared to the isomeric regular compounds using a variety of techniques. X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that the regular and inverse complexes are structurally very similar. However, the chemical and physical properties of the isomers are quite different. Ligand exchange studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that metal complexes of the regular 2-(1-R-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (R = phenyl, benzyl) ligands are more stable than those formed with the inverse 2-(4-R-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine (R = phenyl, benzyl) "click" chelators. Additionally, the bis-2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) ruthenium(II) complexes of the "click" chelators have been shown to have short excited state lifetimes, which in the inverse triazole case, resulted in ejection of the 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligand from the complex. Under identical conditions, the isomeric regular 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ruthenium(II) bpy complexes are photochemically inert. The absorption spectra of the inverse rhenium(I) and platinum(II) complexes are red-shifted compared to the regular compounds. It is shown that conjugation between the substituent group R and triazolyl unit has a negligible effect on the photophysical properties of the complexes. The inverse rhenium(I) complexes have large Stokes shifts, long metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state lifetimes, and respectable quantum yields which are relatively solvent insensitive.
RESUMO
The new low symmetry pyrazole-based tripodal tetraamine ligands 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N,N-bis(1H-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)ethanamine (bmpz) and 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-[2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl]-N-(1H-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)ethanamine (bepz) have been prepared and characterised, as have metal complexes containing these ligands. X-ray crystal structures of [Co(bmpz)Cl](2)[CoCl(4)]·H(2)O, [Co(bmpz)MeCN](ClO(4))(2)·0.13H(2)O, [Zn(bmpz)MeCN](ClO(4))(2)·0.15H(2)O, [Zn(bepz)OH(2)](ClO(4))(2)·0.5H(2)O and [(Co(bepz)Cl)(2)]Cl(2)·6H(2)O confirm coordination of the intact tripodal ligands to the metal ions through all four N atoms. However, attempts to make Cu(2+) complexes containing bmpz and bepz gave, respectively, [Cu(7)Cl(2)]·0.2H(2)O and [Cu(8)Cl(2)] (7 = 1-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-(1H-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)ethanamine, 8 = 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-[2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl]ethanamine), complexes containing the tridentate ligands 7 and 8 which are formed by loss of a pyrazolylmethyl arm from the appropriate tripodal ligand. This decomposition reaction occurs in protic solvents both in the presence and absence of metal ions, and is ascribed to the presence of an aminal functionality in the tripodal ligands. A possible mechanism for the decomposition, based on NMR and ESMS data, is suggested.
