[About free delivery of therapeutical and preventive drugs to the people during Ottoman Empire]. / Osmanli Döneminde Tedavi Edici ve Koruyucu Ilaçlarin Halka Ucretsiz Verilmesi.

In this study, free delivery of medical drugs (dispensed in Ottoman Empire hospital pharmacies) to the outpatients in addition to the inpatients in Darüssifas (patient care houses) have been investigated in the chronological order from the Vakfiye enrollments and documents of Ottoman Empire. On the other hand free delivery of drugs dispensed in the Palaces, Mesir paste delivery and other preventive drugs for the epidemic diseases have been studied.

[The first central pharmacies of Turkey and the other countries]. / Türkiye'den ve Dünya'dan Ilk Merkez Eczane Ornekleri.

This review emphasizes based on the documents presented that Darülakakir should be considered as a "Central Pharmacy" in respect of its function. Furthermore it is established through giving examples of the first "Central Pharmacies" in the other countries that Darülakakir is also among first of its kind.

[A brief history of the development of Turkish pharmacognosy]. / Turk farmakognozi tarihi ana hatlari.

1839-1909: The Foundation Period: The education of pharmacy through the apprenticeship system ended up as a "Pharmacology Branch" of the "Military Medical School" which was founded in 1839 in Istanbul during the Ottoman Empire. A "Civil Pharmacology Branch" was founded in 1867. The education of pharmacognosy, called "Matiere Medicale" and "Mufredat-i Tip" too, was started during this period. 1909 (1913)-1945: The Institutionalization Period; The education of pharmacognosy as it is understood today was included in the curriculum of the Pharmacology School in 1909, before the foundation of the Turkish Republic; however, the pharmacognosy education was eventually started in 1913. During this period, the School of Pharmacology was administratively a part of the Medical School: and later the School of Science; then it was reattached to the Medical School, yet it had its own separate building. 1945-1963: The Period of Development: This is the period when academic studies on pharmacognosy started and a "Pharmacognosy Institute" was established as a part of the Pharmacology School of the Medical School in 1945. Professor doctor Sarim Celebioglu, who had a Ph.D from Berlin University, was appointed as a director of this institute and directed it until 1962. Approximately for 40 years the education and research on pharmacognosy and pharmaceutical botany was handled only in the Istanbul University. 1962-1997: Reform and Improvement Period: Today there are eight pharmacology schools in Turkey; three in Ankara, one in Erzurum (1997), one in Eskisehir, two in Instanbul and one in Izmir. Pharmacognosy education is carried out in all of these schools. Additionally, there are three research centers which were founded by the pharmacognosy divisions of the Ankara, Anadolu and Istanbul Universities.

Eudesmanolides from Artemisia santonicum.

The reinvestigation of the aerial parts of ARTEMISIA SANTONICUM afforded, in addition to three known eudesmanolides, six new ones, all closely related to taurin. The structures were elucidated by high-field NMR spectroscopy.