Assuntos
Distonia/genética , Fosfolipases A2 do Grupo VI/genética , Mutação/genética , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Adulto , Corpo Estriado/patologia , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Distonia/complicações , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Substância Negra/patologiaAssuntos
Infarto Encefálico/complicações , Infarto Encefálico/patologia , Paresia/etiologia , Dedos do Pé , Idoso , Humanos , MasculinoAssuntos
Músculos da Mastigação/inervação , Músculos da Mastigação/fisiologia , Neurônios Motores/fisiologia , Potenciais de Ação/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Eletrodiagnóstico , Eletromiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/fisiologia , AgulhasRESUMO
Migraine without aura is typically considered a female condition. The purpose of this study was to determine if there have been any changes in the female-to-male ratio of the disease over time. We included in the study all patients with migraine without aura (n = 3457) referred to the Parma University Headache Centre between 1976 and 1995. They were divided into subgroups with respect to gender and year-range of onset of migraine (before 1960, in the 1960s, in the 1970s, in the 1980s, and between 1990 and 1995). Gender ratio ranged from 3.6:1 (in patients with onset before 1960) to 2.8:1 (in patients with onset in the 1980s), with no statistically significant changes during the observation period.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Enxaqueca/epidemiologia , Caracteres Sexuais , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/fisiopatologia , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Two cases of brain stem stroke involving the upper pons and the ponto-mesencephalic junction presented with transient excessive pathological yawning, associated with gait ataxia and in one subject with upper limb and facial hemiparesis. A causal relation is hypothesised between the brain stem lesion and pathological yawning, possibly related to denervation hypersensitivity of a putative brain stem yawn centre. Excessive yawning may herald brain stem ischaemia.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/patologia , Tronco Encefálico/irrigação sanguínea , Tronco Encefálico/patologia , Bocejo , Idoso , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Tronco Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Cerebral , Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Interferon-beta1a (IFN-beta1a) and pentoxifylline (PTX) are reported to be active in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), but the mechanisms are not completely understood. In two groups of RRMS patients, we studied the phenotype of peripheral lymphocytes and the level of several cytokines both in sera and in supernatants of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after 8 months of therapy with IFN-beta1a alone or associated with PTX. Our data indicate that patients with RRMS, treated with IFN-beta1a, exhibited a significant increase in CD4(+)CD25(++) T suppressor cells, accompanied by a significant decrease in cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8(+)CD28(-) and natural killer [NK] cells) and IFN-gamma production, which could both contribute to an explanation of the previously described beneficial effects of IFN-beta treatment in MS. The addition of PTX to IFN-beta1a treatment did not modify the immunomodulatory effects obtained with IFN-beta1a alone. Future studies are needed to demonstrate which immunologic parameters correlate with the clinical benefit of IFN-beta1a treatment.
Assuntos
Interferon beta/administração & dosagem , Interferon beta/uso terapêutico , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/tratamento farmacológico , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/imunologia , Pentoxifilina/administração & dosagem , Pentoxifilina/uso terapêutico , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Humanos , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Masculino , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/metabolismoRESUMO
A study of regional differences in prevalence of primary adult lactose malabsorption in Italy was conducted on 205 subjects. Their origin was determined by their grandparents' birthplace, 89 from northern, 65 from central, and 51 from southern areas of Italy. Lactose malabsorption was diagnosed with standard oral lactose tolerance test and blood glucose determinations. Lactose malabsorbers showed symptoms more frequently than absorbers after the test load of lactose (p less than 0.01) they also reported milk intolerance more frequently (p less than 0.01). Prevalence of lactose malabsorption is significantly lower in the central sample (19%) than in the northern (52%) and southern (41%) samples (p less than 0.01). This finding contrasts with the hypothesis of a continuous increase in frequency of lactose malabsorption from northern to southern Europe and is probably due to the complex genetic history of the Italian population.