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J Neurochem ; 157(3): 710-726, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33354763

RESUMO

Apoptotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a major mechanism for dopaminergic (DA) loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). We assessed if low doses of the partial α4ß2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, cytisine attenuates apoptotic ER stress and exerts neuroprotection in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) DA neurons. Alternate day intraperitoneal injections of 0.2 mg/kg cytisine were administered to female and male mice with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions in the dorsolateral striatum, which caused unilateral degeneration of SNc DA neurons. Cytisine attenuated 6-OHDA-induced PD-related behaviors in female, but not in male mice. We also found significant reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) loss within the lesioned SNc of female, but not male mice. In contrast to female mice, DA neurons within the lesioned SNc of male mice showed a cytisine-induced pathological increase in the nuclear translocation of the pro-apoptotic ER stress protein, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). To assess the role of estrogen in cytisine neuroprotection in female mice, we exposed primary mouse DA cultures to either 10 nM 17-ß-estradiol and 200 nM cytisine or 10 nM 17-ß-estradiol alone. 17-ß-estradiol reduced expression of CHOP, whereas cytisine exposure reduced 6-OHDA-mediated nuclear translocation of two other ER stress proteins, activating transcription factor 6 and x-box-binding protein 1, but not CHOP. Taken together, these data show that cytisine and 17-ß-estradiol work in combination to inhibit all three arms (activating transcription factor 6, x-box-binding protein 1, and CHOP) of apoptotic ER stress signaling in DA neurons, which can explain the neuroprotective effect of low-dose cytisine in female mice.


Assuntos
Alcaloides/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Estradiol/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/tratamento farmacológico , Fator 6 Ativador da Transcrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Azocinas/farmacologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Oxidopamina , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/psicologia , Cultura Primária de Células , Quinolizinas/farmacologia , Caracteres Sexuais , Substância Negra/efeitos dos fármacos , Simpatolíticos , Fator de Transcrição CHOP/efeitos dos fármacos , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo
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