Calf implants.

There are several articles on the positioning of calf implants that emphasize the anatomic planes in which they should be placed. However, in none of them are the anatomical characteristics that make calves look attractive specified, and neither are the region's anatomic characteristics that guide us to acquire some criteria about the type, design, size, and anatomic plane in which calf implants are to be placed. Therefore, we decided to differentiate the characteristics that make calves look attractive, and also to catalog the defects to systematize the surgical techniques for correction and detail the points that distinguish one attractive calf from another with projection and volume but without harmony. A total of 2600 photographs of females standing in several positions were observed; we included those pictures that showed the total length of the legs. Calf measurements were taken in 168 women who were between 15 and 61 years of age and 150-170 cm in height (average height = 161 cm). We found that there are some characteristics that consistently make legs look attractive; in addition, the anatomic proportion with respect to the ideal anteroposterior and laterolateral projection of calves was discovered. We grouped these calf defects into five types and in each group defined the surgical recommendations to obtain harmonic and beautiful calves with adequate volume.

Beautiful buttocks: characteristics and surgical techniques.

The authors describe four characteristics that determine attractive buttocks in addition to the balanced anatomical dimensions of the maximal point of gluteal projection. Based on this information, defects of the gluteal region can be classified into five types. The most appropriate size and shape of gluteal implants and the proper surgical technique for gluteal augmentation can be chosen by first identifying the buttock type ofa patient. The proposed method of buttock classification helps achieve a gluteal contour that closely matches the standard of beauty.

What makes buttocks beautiful? A review and classification of the determinants of gluteal beauty and the surgical techniques to achieve them.

BACKGROUND: No reports can be found in medical literature describing the anatomic details that make the buttocks beautiful, nor the defects in this region that can help the surgeon decide whether gluteal prostheses are necessary or not, and, if so, which type, design, and volume of prostheses should be used, in which plane they should be placed, and so forth. METHODS: The authors studied 1,320 photographs of nude women and measured 132 female patients ages 16 to 62 years. They found that four characteristics determine attractive buttocks. They also found the balanced anatomic dimension of the maximal gluteal projection. RESULTS: On the basis of the information obtained, the defects of the gluteal region were classified into five types, resulting in surgical recommendations intended to achieve buttocks as close as possible to the standard of beauty, with the right volume and projection. CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded that surgery for correction of the buttocks involves more than projection and volume. The surgeon must be familiar with the "signs" of beauty so an attempt can be made to recreate them. Most importantly, the surgeon should achieve buttocks with projection and volume. However, these must be in a balanced proportion with the rest of the body.