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1.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 93: 0-0, 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-189458

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTOS: En el marco de la Estrategia de Seguridad del Paciente 2015-2020 la Consejería de Sanidad de la Comunidad de Madrid desarrolló dos líneas de actuación para consolidar la cultura de seguridad a través de la difusión del conocimiento científico en Seguridad del Paciente. El objetivo principal fue identificar, difundir y mejorar el acceso a la información relevante en seguridad del paciente a pacientes-ciudadanos, profesionales y a la propia organización mediante un catálogo de recursos accesible en internet e intranet. MÉTODOS: Tras un análisis de las herramientas y canales de comunicación disponibles para difundir el conocimiento en seguridad del paciente, se seleccionaron las referencias de interés por un grupo de expertos, se desarrolló una herramienta de consulta en un formato navegable en internet y se realizaron distintas acciones de difusión para darla a conocer. RESULTADOS: Se desarrolló la Biblioteca Breve de Seguridad del Paciente, accesible en la web de la Comunidad de Madrid para navegación y como documento para descargar, con 154 referencias, estructuradas en 4 áreas: Recursos generales (74 referencias), Recursos por Área temática (51 referencias), Videos y multimedia (12 referencias) y Organismos y sitios web de interés (17 referencias). CONCLUSIONES: La Biblioteca Breve de Seguridad del Paciente puede contribuir a impulsar la cultura de seguridad en los centros sanitarios y a lograr mayor implicación de los ciudadanos en su seguridad, al poner a su disposición información fiable sobre esta dimensión transversal de la práctica clínica


BACKGROUND: Within the framework of the Patient Safety Strategy 2015-2020, the Regional Ministry of Health of the Community of Madrid developed two lines of action to consolidate the Patient Safety Culture through the dissemination of scientific knowledge in Patient Safety. The main objective was to identify, disseminate and improve access to relevant information on patient safety for patient-citizens, professionals and the organization itself through a pool of resources accessible on the Internet and intranet. METHODS: After an analysis of the tools and communication channel savailable to disseminate knowledge in patient safety, the references of interest were selected by a group of experts, a consultation tool was developed in a navigable format on the internet and various dissemination actions were carried out to make it known. RESULTS: The Biblioteca Breve de Seguridad del Paciente( Brief Patient Safety Library) was developed, accessible for navigation on the web of the Community of Madrid and as a download document, with 154 references, structured in 4areas: General resources (74 references), Resources by thematic area (51references), Videosand multimedia (12references) and Organizations and websites of interest (17references). CONCLUSIONS: The Biblioteca Brevede Seguridad del Paciente (Brief Patient Safety Library) can help to promote the safety culture in health centers and to achieve greater citizen involvement in their safety, by providing reliable information on this crosscutting dimension of clinical practice


Assuntos
Humanos , Disseminação de Informação/métodos , Internet , Segurança do Paciente , Gestão da Segurança/organização & administração
2.
Med. paliat ; 16(3): 143-147, mayo-jun. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-76805

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivo: muchos pacientes en situación terminal son atendidos en las últimas etapas de su vida en servicios médicos y fuera de unidades de cuidados paliativos. Por ello nos propusimos estudiar y describirlas historias clínicas de los pacientes fallecidos en nuestro servicio durante el año 2006. Pacientes y métodos: estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de las historias clínicas de los pacientes fallecidos durante el año 2006 en el Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Virgen de la Torre (HVTR) -Madrid-. Se analizaron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos, criterios de terminalidad, causas de muerte y tipo de cuidados recibidos, instrumentalización, existencia de Voluntades Anticipadas e inclusión en protocolo de paliativos. Se analizaron los resultados con el programa estadístico SPSS 14.0. Resultados: se obtuvieron 172 historias clínicas (64,5% mujeres,35,5% varones, edad media 85,76 ± 7,0) de los 188 pacientes fallecidos en dicho periodo. El 69% de los pacientes tenía criterios de terminalidad, siendo la enfermedad de base: demencias 52%, oncológicas 14%, obstrucción crónica del flujo aéreo (OCFA) 10%, e insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) 9%. Las causas del éxitus fueron respiratorias (70%), neurológicas (52%), cardiovasculares(35%) y sepsis (31%). Ningún paciente tenía voluntades anticipadas. Se incluyeron en protocolo de paliativos el 81% de los pacientes terminales. Conclusiones: un alto porcentaje de los pacientes que fallecieron en nuestro servicio cumplían criterios de terminalidad. El perfil del paciente más común fue el de una anciana de edad avanzada, pluripatológica, con alto nivel de dependencia, cuidada por su familia y con demencia en fase terminal. Ningún paciente tenía voluntades anticipadas (AU)


Background and objectives: many patients with end-stage chronic illnesses are cared for in medical services, outside specific palliative care resources. This encouraged us to review the patients that had died in our department during 2006, describing their characteristics and the care they were given. Patients and methods: a retrospective descriptive study of the clinical records of patients who died during 2006 at Internal Medicine Service, Virgen de la Torre Hospital, Madrid, Spain. We analyzed their sociodemographic and clinical information, end-stage disease criteria, causes of death, type of care and treatments, degree of instrumentalization, and presence of a living will. The results were analyzed with the statistical programSPSS 14.0. Results: we obtained 172 clinical records of 188 deceased patients during this period (64.5% women, 35.5% males, mean age 85.76 ± 7.0);69% of patients had end-stage disease, and diseases included dementia in 52%, cancer in 14%, COPD in 10%, and heart failure in 9%. Death was most commonly of respiratory (70%), neurological (52%), cardiovascular(35%), or septic (31%) cause. No patient had a living will; 81% of terminal patients were included in a palliative protocol. Conclusions: a high percentage of the patients that had died in our service had a terminal chronic disease. Patient type was a woman of advanced age, with multiple chronic diseases, with a high level of dependency, cared after by her family, and with end-stage dementia. No patient had a living will (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Medicina Interna/estatística & dados numéricos , Mortalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Causas de Morte , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia
3.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 9(34): 219-230, abr.-jun. 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64204

RESUMO

Introducción: la obesidad infantil es un problema de salud cada vez más frecuente y demayor importancia por su persistencia en etapas posteriores de la vida y por su demostradarelación con entidades patológicas en la población infantil y adolescente, tales como enfermedadcardiovascular y diabetes.Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso en 2003 de la población de 2a 14 años atendida en una consulta de pediatría de un centro de Atención Primaria de Fuenlabrada(Madrid), y la variación de esta prevalencia comparada con la presentada en añosprevios.Pacientes y métodos: para determinar las prevalencias de obesidad y sobrepeso se realizaun estudio descriptivo transversal de 318 niños y niñas y se determina su índice de masacorporal (IMC) a los 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11 y 14 años. Se considera obesidad IMC > P95, y sobrepesoIMC > P85, según tablas CDC 2000. Para conocer la variación de estas cifras se comparancon los obtenidos a estas mismas edades en la cohorte de niños de 14 años que fueseguida longitudinalmente.Resultados: la prevalencia de obesidad en la población de 2 a 14 años es del 16,03%(18,12% en niños y 14,2% en niñas). La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue del 14,46% (11,40%en niños y 17,15% en niñas). Las diferencias entre sexos no son significativas para el totaldel grupo, ni en ninguna de las edades en las que se realizan determinaciones.Conclusiones: la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso en los niños de 2 a 14 años seguidosen nuestra consulta es muy alta y comparable a las más altas de las registradas en otraszonas de España. Las consultas de pediatría de Atención Primaria son un lugar fundamentalen la prevención y el tratamiento de la obesidad (AU)


Introduction: childhood obesity is a health problem of increasing prevalence and mostprominent, not only because of its persistence in the later stages of life but also due to itsrelationship with pathological conditions during childhood and adolescence such as cardiovasculardisease and diabetes.Objective: to ascertain the prevalence of obesity and overweight in 2003 in childrenaged 2 to 14, seen in one paediatric Primary Care office in Fuenlabrada (Madrid) and thetrends of this prevalence, compared to that observed in previous years.Subject and methods: a descriptive cross study of 318 children calculating their bodymass index (BMI) at ages 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11 and 14. Obesity is defined as BMI > P95 and overweightas BMI > P85, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)growth charts from the year 2000. Results are matched with those obtained at the sameages in the cohort of 14 year old children followed in a longitudinal study.Results: the prevalence of obesity in children aged 2 to 14 was 16.03% (18.12% inboys and 14.2% in girls). The prevalence of overweight is 14.46% (11.40% in boys and17.15% in girls). Gender differences are not significant in any of the age groups studied,neither in the whole group.Conclusions: the prevalence of obesity and overweight observed in children aged 2 to14 in our practice are very high and similar to that registered in other Spanish regions.The paediatric practices in Primary Care centers should play a relevant role in the prevention and control of obesity (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Seguimentos
4.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 36(10): 573-575, dic. 2005.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-047361

RESUMO

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de las intervenciones educativas grupales en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. Analizar qué tipo de intervención grupal produce mayores efectos a largo plazo. Diseño. Revisión sistemática. Fuente de datos. Revisión de bases electrónicas: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL y PASCAL, así como de las citas bibliográficas de los estudios seleccionados. Contactos con expertos para localizar artículos no publicados. Selección de los estudios. Ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, controlados y estudios cuasiexperimentales que evalúen intervenciones educativas grupales dirigidas a pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, mayores de 18 años, de cualquier duración, realizada en cualquier ámbito, cuya meta sea mejorar la calidad de vida, el autocontrol o el control metabólico. El grupo de comparación incluye intervenciones educativas individuales y no intervenciones. Variables resultado. Calidad de vida, autocontrol y control diabético (HbA1c, colesterol, triglicéridos, presión arterial y consumo de tabaco). Métodos de revisión. Selección de los ensayos realizada por 3 grupos, con 3 investigadores cada uno, que de forma independiente revisan los títulos, abstracts y palabras clave de todos los ensayos identificados para decidir sobre su elegibilidad. La calidad de los ensayos se evalúa usando los criterios definidos por el Cochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Group. Los investigadores evalúan de forma independiente los artículos y las discrepancias se resuelven por discusión y consenso


Objectives. To evaluate the effect of group educational interventions in type-2 diabetes patients. To analyse what kind of group intervention has the best long-term effects. Design. Systematic review. Data sources. Review of electronic data bases: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PASCAL, and of the bibliographic references of the studies selected. Contacts with experts to locate non-published articles. Selection of studies. Randomised clinical studies with controls and quasi-experimental studies that evaluate group education interventions aimed at type-2 diabetes patients over 18 years old. These interventions were of any length and in any context, and their target was to improve quality of life, self-control, or metabolic control. The comparison group included individual educational interventions and non-interventions. Variables result. Quality of life, self-control, and diabetes control (HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and smoking). Review methods. Trial selection by 3 groups with 3 researchers in each, who independently reviewed headings, abstracts and key words of all the identified trials to decide on their eligibility. The quality of trials was evaluated by the criteria defined by the Cochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Group. Researchers assessed the articles independently; and discrepancies were resolved by discussion and consensus


Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Processos Grupais
5.
Aten Primaria ; 36(8): 434-41, 2005 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16287556

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To get to know the opinions, current practices, perceived barriers and stage of change in respect to the smoking cessation advice (SCA) offered to patients by the different health professionals (HP) from primary care. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. LOCATION: Area Sanitaria 9's Health Centers, in Madrid, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 480 HPs, including primary care doctors, pediatricians, primary care residents, and nursery staff. MEASUREMENTS: Using a self-filled and anonymous questionnaire, we will gather sociodemographic variables and from the HP's office, regarding the attitudes towards tobacco, efficiency beliefs and use of strategies in the advice, and the perceived barriers to give it, as well as the state of change. RESULTS: 75.2% of the HPs filled the questionnaire (94.2%, 61.1%, 51.6%, and 88% by doctors, nurses, pediatricians, and residents respectively). 72% ask regularly, this rate increasing to 92.4% over tobacco-related diseases. No differences were made between sexes, professional types, tobacco habits, or previous attendance to courses. 85.8% offers tracing and 63.5% give written advices. Nearly 75% of non-smokers are considered social role models, that against only 40% of smokers. The main barriers found were lack of time and low motivation from the patients. 93.5% consider an specific education necessary to give efficient SCA. CONCLUSIONS: Inquiries are made and SCA is given, independently of the smoking habits of the SCA. Likewise, there is a good state of change by the HPs to optimize the treatment of tobacco dependency.


Assuntos
Aconselhamento Diretivo , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 36(8): 434-441, nov. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-045759

RESUMO

Objetivo. Conocer las opiniones, las prácticas actuales, las barreras percibidas y la predisposición al cambio con respecto al consejo para dejar de fumar (CF) ofertado a los pacientes por los diferentes profesionales sanitarios (PS) de atención primaria. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Emplazamiento. Centros de salud del Área Sanitaria 9, de Madrid. Participantes. Participaron 480 PS, entre médicos de familia, pediatras, residentes de medicina familiar y comunitaria, y enfermería. Mediciones. Mediante cuestionario autocumplimentado y anónimo se recogen variables sociodemográficas, sobre actitudes, creencias y utilización de estrategias en CF y sobre barreras percibidas para darlo, así como la predisposición al cambio. Resultados. Contestó al cuestionario el 75,2% (el 94,2, 61,1, 51,6 y 88% de los médicos, enfermeros, pediatras y residentes, respectivamente). El 72% pregunta de manera habitual, con un incremento hasta el 92,4% en las enfermedades relacionadas con el tabaquismo, sin diferencias respecto al sexo, el PS, el hábito tabáquico y la formación previa. El 85,8% ofrece realizar un seguimiento y el 63,5% proporciona consejos escritos. El 75% de los no fumadores se considera modelo social, frente al 40% de los fumadores. Las principales barreras son la falta de tiempo y la baja motivación en los pacientes. El 93,5% cree que es necesaria una formación específica para proporcionar CF. Conclusiones. Se pregunta y se ofrece CF, independientemente del hábito tabáquico del PS. A pesar de las barreras, hay una adecuada utilización de las estrategias para proporcionar CF. Hay buena predisposición al cambio para optimizar el CF


Objective. To get to know the opinions, current practices, perceived barriers and stage of change in respect to the smoking cessation advice (SCA) offered to patients by the different health professionals (HP) from primary care. Design. Descriptive cross-sectional study. Location. Área Sanitaria 9's Health Centers, in Madrid, Spain. Participants. 480 HPs, including primary care doctors, pediatricians, primary care residents, and nursery staff. Measurements. Using a self-filled and anonymous questionnaire, we will gather sociodemographic variables and from the HP's office, regarding the attitudes towards tobacco, efficiency beliefs and use of strategies in the advice, and the perceived barriers to give it, as well as the state of change. Results. 75.2% of the HPs filled the questionnaire (94.2%, 61.1%, 51.6%, and 88% by doctors, nurses, pediatricians, and residents respectively). 72% ask regularly, this rate increasing to 92.4% over tobacco-related diseases. No differences were made between sexes, professional types, tobacco habits, or previous attendance to courses. 85.8% offers tracing and 63.5% give written advices. Nearly 75% of non-smokers are considered social role models, that against only 40% of smokers. The main barriers found were lack of time and low motivation from the patients. 93.5% consider an specific education necessary to give efficient SCA. Conclusions. Inquiries are made and SCA is given, independently of the smoking habits of the SCA. Likewise, there is a good state of change by the HPs to optimize the treatment of tobacco dependency


Assuntos
Humanos , Abandono do Uso de Tabaco/métodos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Tabagismo/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Inquéritos e Questionários , Aconselhamento Diretivo/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Médicos de Família/estatística & dados numéricos
7.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 63(1): 39-44, 2005 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15989870

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Childhood obesity is an increasingly common diagnosis in western society and is related to certain changes in lifestyle. Because of its persistence in adulthood and its relationship with several pathological entities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, it has become one of the most important problems in children's health. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight in 14-year-old adolescents attending the pediatric outpatient clinics of a primary care center in 2003, and their weight changes from the age of two years old. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A long-term study of 277 children born in 1989 was performed. Their body mass index (BMI) was calculated at the age of 2,3,4,6,8,11 and 14 years. Obesity was defined as a BMI > P95 and overweight as a BMI > P85 according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts 2000. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity in 14 year-olds was 13.2% (15.2% in boys and 11.5% in girls). The prevalence of overweight was 17.4% (18.7% in boys and 16.2% in girls). Gender differences were not significant in any of the age groups studied. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity and overweight in 14 year-old adolescents in our centers is considerable and is similar to that reported in other Spanish regions. The pediatric outpatient clinics of primary care centers should play an active role in the control and prevention of obesity.


Assuntos
Obesidade/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Prevalência , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Espanha/epidemiologia
8.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 63(1): 39-44, jul. 2005. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-040465

RESUMO

Introducción. La obesidad infantil es un diagnóstico cada vez más frecuente en las sociedades occidentales. Su aparición se relaciona con determinados cambios en los estilos de vida. Por sus implicaciones en cuanto a persistencia en etapas posteriores de la vida y relación con diversas entidades patológicas, como la enfermedad cardiovascular y la diabetes, se ha convertido en uno de los problemas de salud infantil más importantes. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso en 2003 en la población de 14 años atendida en las consultas de pediatría de un centro de atención primaria, así como la evolución ponderal de esta cohorte desde los 2 años de edad. Pacientes y métodos. Se realiza un estudio longitudinal de los 277 niños nacidos en 1989, determinando su índice de masa corporal (IMC) a los 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11 y 14 años. Se considera obesidad un IMC > P95, y sobrepeso IMC > P85, según las tablas de los Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) de 2000. Resultados. La prevalencia de obesidad a los 14 años es del 13,2 % (15,2 % en niños y 11,5 % en niñas). La prevalencia de sobrepeso es de 17,4 % (18,7 % en niños y 16,2 % en niñas). Las diferencias entre sexos no son significativas en ninguna de las edades en que se realizan determinaciones. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso a los 14 años en los niños de nuestras consultas es importante y comparable a la registrada en otras zonas de España. Las consultas de pediatría de atención primaria deben tener un papel relevante en la prevención y control de la misma


Introduction. Childhood obesity is an increasingly common diagnosis in western society and is related to certain changes in lifestyle. Because of its persistence in adulthood and its relationship with several pathological entities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, it has become one of the most important problems in children's health. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight in 14-year-old adolescents attending the pediatric outpatient clinics of a primary care center in 2003, and their weight changes from the age of two years old. Subjects and methods. A long-term study of 277 children born in 1989 was performed. Their body mass index (BMI) was calculated at the age of 2,3,4,6,8,11 and 14 years. Obesity was defined as a BMI > P95 and overweight as a BMI > P85 according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts 2000. Results. The prevalence of obesity in 14 year-olds was 13.2 % (15.2 % in boys and 11.5 % in girls). The prevalence of overweight was 17.4 % (18.7 % in boys and 16.2 % in girls). Gender differences were not significant in any of the age groups studied. Conclusions. The prevalence of obesity and overweight in 14 year-old adolescents in our centers is considerable and is similar to that reported in other Spanish regions. The pediatric outpatient clinics of primary care centers should play an active role in the control and prevention of obesity


Assuntos
Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Peso Corporal , Estudos Longitudinais , Prevalência , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Espanha/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal
9.
Aten Primaria ; 35(8): 419-22, 2005 May 15.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15882499

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess what information primary care doctors from 5 health areas of Madrid need, through the description of the frequency and kind of clinical questions that arise, the pattern of search for the answers and how well they were answered. DESIGN: Descriptive, observational study. Setting. Primary care consultations in health areas 1, 3, 8, 9, and 10, Madrid, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Randomised sample, stratified by zone, and kind of doctor, of 125 doctors from each area (Madrid). Residents, locums, and university teachers were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: Doctors will be invited to be observed by video camera for about four hours of on-demand consultation. They will be asked between patients to specify the questions that arise and the sources of information used in the consultation. Unresolved questions will be followed up by means of phone contact 2 weeks later, to see whether they had found answers and what methods they used to find them. MAIN VARIABLES: number of recognised clinical questions formulated and their answers; number of clinical questions not recognised (as observed by video); each question's theme and kind of information; time used to look for answers; information resources used. Other variables: characteristics of the PC professionals taking part, consultations, health centres, and case-loads. DISCUSSION: Restrictions: Hawthorne effect or bias in the person observed and participants stage fright. Applicability: the results of the research will be used to plan the resources needed for doctors to enjoy and put into practice the best scientific knowledge.


Assuntos
Avaliação das Necessidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Projetos de Pesquisa , Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 35(8): 419-422, mayo 2005. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-039454

RESUMO

Objetivo. Determinar las necesidades de información de los médicos de atención primaria de 5 áreas de salud de Madrid mediante la descripción de la frecuencia y el tipo de preguntas clínicas, el patrón de búsqueda y nivel de resolución de éstas. Diseño. Estudio observacional descriptivo. Emplazamiento. Consultas de atención primaria. Áreas de salud 1, 3, 8, 9 y 10 de Madrid. Participantes. Muestra aleatoria, estratificada por zona y tipo de médico, de 125 médicos de cada una de las áreas (Madrid). Se excluye a los médicos residentes, a los suplentes y a los que realizan actividades de enseñanza universitaria. Intervenciones. Se invitará a los médicos a ser observados mediante cámara de vídeo durante aproximadamente 4 h de consulta a demanda. Se les pedirá que especifiquen, entre paciente y paciente, las preguntas que surjan y las fuentes de información utilizadas dentro de la consulta. Las preguntas sin resolver serán seguidas mediante contacto telefónico 2 semanas después para determinar si se han obtenido respuestas y los métodos utilizados. Mediciones principales. Variables principales: número de preguntas clínicas formuladas reconocidas y sus respuestas; número de preguntas clínicas no reconocidas (observadas a través del vídeo); tema y tipo de información de cada pregunta; tiempo utilizado en buscar respuestas; recursos de información utilizados. Otras variables: características de los profesionales de atención primaria participantes, consultas, centros de salud y presión asistencial. Discusión. Una limitación es el efecto Hawthorne o sesgo del observado y miedo escénico de los participantes. En cuanto a la aplicabilidad de los resultados de la investigación, servirán para planificar los recursos necesarios para que los médicos dispongan y apliquen la mejor evidencia científica


Objective. To assess what information primary care doctors from 5 health areas of Madrid need, through the description of the frequency and kind of clinical questions that arise, the pattern of search for the answers and how well they were answered. Design. Descriptive, observational study. Setting. Primary care consultations in health areas 1, 3, 8, 9, and 10, Madrid, Spain. Participants. Randomised sample, stratified by zone, and kind of doctor, of 125 doctors from each area (Madrid). Residents, locums, and university teachers were excluded. Interventions. Doctors will be invited to be observed by video camera for about four hours of on-demand consultation. They will be asked between patients to specify the questions that arise and the sources of information used in the consultation. Unresolved questions will be followed up by means of phone contact 2 weeks later, to see whether they had found answers and what methods they used to find them. Main measurements. Main variables: number of recognised clinical questions formulated and their answers; number of clinical questions not recognised (as observed by video); each question's theme and kind of information; time used to look for answers; information resources used. Other variables: characteristics of the PC professionals taking part, consultations, health centres, and case-loads. Discussion: Restrictions: Hawthorne effect or bias in the person observed and participants´ stage fright. Applicability: the results of the research will be used to plan the resources needed for doctors to enjoy and put into practice the best scientific knowledge


Assuntos
Humanos , Avaliação das Necessidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Projetos de Pesquisa , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto , Espanha
11.
Aten Primaria ; 36(10): 573-5, 2005 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16507293

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of group educational interventions in type-2 diabetes patients. To analyse what kind of group intervention has the best long-term effects. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Review of electronic data bases: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PASCAL, and of the bibliographic references of the studies selected. Contacts with experts to locate non-published articles. Selection of studies. Randomised clinical studies with controls and quasi-experimental studies that evaluate group education interventions aimed at type-2 diabetes patients over 18 years old. These interventions were of any length and in any context, and their target was to improve quality of life, self-control, or metabolic control. The comparison group included individual educational interventions and non-interventions. VARIABLES RESULT: Quality of life, self-control, and diabetes control (HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and smoking). REVIEW METHODS: Trial selection by 3 groups with 3 researchers in each, who independently reviewed headings, abstracts and key words of all the identified trials to decide on their eligibility. The quality of trials was evaluated by the criteria defined by the Cochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Group. Researchers assessed the articles independently; and discrepancies were resolved by discussion and consensus.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Processos Grupais , Humanos
12.
J Antibiot (Tokyo) ; 57(3): 197-204, 2004 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15152805

RESUMO

In the search for strains producing antifungal compounds, a new tetraene macrolide CE-108 (3) has been isolated from culture broth of Streptomyces diastaticus 108. In addition, the strain also produces the previously described tetraene rimocidin (1) and also the aromatic polyketide oxytetracycline. Both tetraene compounds, structurally related, are produced in a ratio between 25 to 35% (CE-108 compared to rimocidin), although it can be inverted toward CE-108 production by changing the composition of the fermentation medium. This paper deals with the characterization of the producer strain, fermentation, purification, structure determination and biological properties of the new macrolide tetraene CE-108.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Macrolídeos/isolamento & purificação , Monossacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Chlorocebus aethiops , Fermentação , Macrolídeos/química , Macrolídeos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Monossacarídeos/química , Polienos/farmacologia , Streptomyces , Células Vero
13.
Aten Primaria ; 33(5): 277-83, 2004 Mar 31.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15033097

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the group intervention for getting pregnant women to give up tobacco consumption, measured by means of carbon monoxide levels in air breathed out, compared with a minimum intervention. DESIGN: Randomised clinical trial. SETTING: Four primary care teams from Area 9 of IMSALUD-Madrid. PARTICIPANTS: All the pregnant women attending for consultation with the midwives of the four PC teams involved during the study period, who are smoking at least one cigarette a day when they find out they are pregnant and who want to take part in the study once they have been informed of it. Intervention. The subjects included will be randomised into 2 intervention groups. The minimum intervention will consist of brief personal counselling (3 to 5 minutes) on why they should give up smoking, especially now they are pregnant. The group intervention will involve 3 sessions lasting approximately an hour and a half.


Assuntos
Projetos de Pesquisa Epidemiológica , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Atenção Primária à Saúde
14.
Psiquis (Madr.) ; 25(4): 129-140, 2004.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-34949

RESUMO

La satisfacción laboral es un indicador del bienestar y la calidad de vida laboral de los trabajadores. Su estudio es especialmente relevante en el ámbito de las organizaciones de servicios, ya que influye en la calidad del servicio que se presta. En el presente trabajo se ofrecen los resultados de un estudio sobre la satisfacción laboral de 435 profesionales de centros de atención primaria. Para ello, se han realizado análisis diferenciales en función de variables demográficas (sexo y edad) y laborales (profesión, turno de trabajo y situación laboral). Los resultados no ofrecen diferencias significativas en función de las variables demográficas. Por el contrario, se encuentran diferencias significativas en función de las variables laborales en satisfacción con las facetas extrínsecas e intrínsecas del trabajo (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Satisfação no Emprego , Pessoal de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Espanha
15.
Aten Primaria ; 31(3): 170-7, 2003 Feb 28.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12622984

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To assess primary care users' views on generic drugs, approach to them and degree of understanding of them; and to find the importance they attach to the economic cost of medication. DESIGN: Transversal, descriptive study. SETTING: Primary care. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 231 patients was selected from all the people over 18 who attended the health centre for medical consultation during 2001. RESULTS: 60% (95% CI, 55.22%-67.42%) of those surveyed said they had heard of generic medicines. The communications media were the main source of information, accounting for 78.4% of cases (95% CI, 69.19%-83.96%). 48.04% (95% CI, 38.04%-58.16%) of those who had heard of generic medicines had taken them on some occasion; and 32.4% (95% CI, 23.42%-42.34%) normally took them. 76.47% (95% CI, 67.04%-84.30%) did not mind or, where appropriate, would not mind if their doctor changed a medicine they normally took for a generic one. The mean age of those who did not mind was significantly lower than that of those who did. 50% (95% CI, 42.25%-52.75%) of those questioned were very interested in the cost of drugs prescribed by their doctors: people still working were more interested than those on a pension. 67.6% (95% CI, 60.06%-74.61%) believed that doctors should try to prescribe the cheapest drugs, as long as they were equally efficacious. 78.8% of those questioned (95% CI, 71.91%-84.70%) would choose the cheaper of two drugs which were the same bar the cost. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients in our study were aware of generic drugs and were not against the replacement of a medicine they were already taking by a generic one. They did not relate drugs' cost to their quality.


Assuntos
Custos de Medicamentos , Medicamentos Genéricos/economia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/economia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Custos e Análise de Custo , Estudos Cross-Over , Prescrições de Medicamentos/economia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Honorários por Prescrição de Medicamentos , Inquéritos e Questionários
16.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 31(3): 170-177, feb. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-19766

RESUMO

Objetivos. Valorar la opinión, actitud y grado de conocimiento de los usuarios de atención primaria respecto a los medicamentos genéricos y conocer la importancia que conceden al coste económico de la medicación. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Emplazamiento. Atención primaria. Participantes. Se seleccionó una muestra de 231 pacientes entre todas las personas mayores de 18 años que acudieron a consulta médica del centro de salud durante el año 2001.Resultados. El 60 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 55,2267,42 por ciento) de los incluidos refiere haber oído hablar de los medicamentos genéricos, y la principal fuente de información son los medios de comunicación en un 78,4 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 69,19-83,96 por ciento) de los casos. El 48,04 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 38,04-58,16 por ciento) de los que han oído hablar de los medicamentos genéricos los ha tomado en alguna ocasión y un 32,4 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 23,42-42,34 por ciento) lo hace habitualmente. Al 76,47 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 67,04-84,30 por ciento) no le importó, o en su caso no le importaría, que su médico le cambiase un medicamento que toma habitualmente por un genérico; la edad media de los que no les importó es significativamente menor que la de aquellos a los que sí lo hizo. Al 50 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 42,25-52,75 por ciento) de los encuestados le interesa mucho el precio de los medicamentos que les receta su médico, y este interés es mayor en los activos que en los pensionistas. El 67,6 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 60,0674,61 por ciento) cree que los médicos deben intentar recetar los medicamentos más baratos siempre que sean igual de eficaces. Entre 2 medicamentos iguales pero de distinto precio, un 78,8 por ciento de los encuestados (IC del 95 por ciento, 71,91-84,70 por ciento) elegiría el más barato. Conclusiones. La mayoría de los pacientes de nuestro estudio conocen los medicamentos genéricos y no se oponen a la sustitución de un medicamento previo por un genérico. Tampoco relacionan el precio con la calidad de los medicamentos (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Custos de Medicamentos , Medicamentos Genéricos , Estudos Cross-Over , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Honorários por Prescrição de Medicamentos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Custos e Análise de Custo
17.
An Esp Pediatr ; 57(5): 420-5, 2002 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12467545

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs constitutes a considerable problem in clinical practice. Overprescribing of these drugs contributes to bacterial resistance and current literature shows a growing interest in the rationalization of antibiotic use. OBJECTIVES: To observe the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions to children in an outpatient primary care setting, before and after a critical analysis of prescribing habits was performed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Children aged 0-4 years attending the outpatient pediatric clinic were surveyed in two different periods: 1997 and 2000. The number of visits, infectious and respiratory diseases observed, and courses of antibiotics prescribed was determined. RESULTS: A total of 456 children, 2,339 diseases, and 829 antibiotic prescriptions were included. Several differences were observed between the two periods: the number of antibiotic courses administered to each child in one year averaged 2.3 in the first period and 1.5 in the second (p < 0.001). The number of processes receiving antibiotic prescription decreased from 38.8 % to 31.7 % (p < 0.001). The appropriateness of the decision to treat increased from 85.1 % to 93.3 % (p < 0.001), and the appropriateness of the antibiotic prescribed increased from 56.3 % to 78.7 % (p < 0.001). The most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases were common cold, tonsillopharyngitis, otitis and bronchitis. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic drugs were amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate and V penicillin. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians' knowledge of their own antibiotics prescription profiles with subsequent critical comparative analysis with current literature on the subject can help to modify prescribing habits.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/tendências , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Uso de Medicamentos/tendências , Humanos , Lactente , Espanha
18.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 57(5): 420-426, nov. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-16800

RESUMO

Antecedentes: Las resistencias bacterianas a antibióticos constituyen un problema de gran importancia en la práctica clínica. Un uso abusivo de estos fármacos está implicado en su producción. Se recoge en la bibliografía un creciente interés en realizar una prescripción racional de éstos. Objetivos: Conocer la adecuación de la prescripción antibiótica en una consulta pediátrica de atención primaria y su evolución antes y después de realizar una intervención consistente en un análisis crítico de ésta. Pacientes y métodos: Se estudian los pacientes de 0 a 4 años de edad pertenecientes a dicha consulta, en dos períodos de tiempo, 1997 y 2000. Se recogen el número de visitas, los procesos infecciosos y respiratorios que presentan y los ciclos antibióticos prescritos. Resultados: Se incluyen 456 niños, 2.339 procesos y 829 ciclos antibióticos. Entre ambos períodos: la media de ciclos antibióticos administrados disminuyó de 2,3 a 1,5 ciclos, niño y año (p < 0,001). El número de procesos que reciben tratamiento antibiótico varía del 38,8 al 31,7% (p < 0,001). La adecuación de la decisión de tratar aumenta del 85,1 al 93,3% (p < 0,001) y la adecuación del antibiótico prescrito lo hace del 56,3 al 78,7% (p < 0,001). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron catarro de vías altas (CVA), faringoamigdalitis, otitis y bronquitis. Los antibióticos más prescritos amoxicilina, amoxicilina-ácido clavulánico y penicilina V. Conclusiones: El conocimiento por parte del profesional de su perfil de prescripción de antibióticos, y su posterior análisis crítico comparado con la bibliografía actualizada contribuye a la mejora de éste (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Humanos , Espanha , Antibacterianos , Uso de Medicamentos , Medicina de Família e Comunidade
19.
Aten Primaria ; 30(4): 220-8, 2002 Sep 15.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12237027

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics of tobacco consumption among adolescents seen at a health centre, find their opinions of the factors that affect consumption, and analyse the quality of the intervention of the health staff. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional study of adolescents attending the health centre. SETTING: Primary care (PC). PATIENTS: All the young people between 10 and 20 who attended family medicine, paediatric or nursing clinics, whether on-demand or with appointments, on Tuesdays and Wednesdays between December 2000 and February 2001. MAIN RESULTS: 23.1% of all the girls smoked (95% CI, 14.9-33.1) versus 15.3% of boys (95% CI, 8.4-24.7). Among non-smokers the main reason for not smoking was health (94.4%). 50% of smokers had tried to give up, of whom 70.5% tried for health-related reasons. 49.4% (95% CI, 41.8-57.1) of those included in the study had been asked at the health centre on some occasion whether they smoked (10.1% of these [95% CI, 4.2-19.8] were aged 10-13; 73.4% [95% CI, 60.9-83.7] 14-17; and 76.7% [CI 95%: 61.4-88.2] 18-20); and 50.6% had never been asked. Of those who were asked and did smoke, 75% (95% CI, 55.1-89.3) were advised to give up and 4.7% of these (95% CI, 0.1-23.8) were offered help to do so. 28.81% of those who did not smoke (95% CI, 17.8-42.1) were encouraged to continue not to smoke. CONCLUSIONS: Both smokers and non-smokers are highly aware of the repercussions of tobacco on health. Tobacco dependency in young people was not tackled well enough at health centre clinics, especially by paediatricians.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Fumar/epidemiologia , Tabagismo/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Promoção da Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Inquéritos e Questionários , Tabagismo/prevenção & controle
20.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 30(4): 220-228, sept. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-16284

RESUMO

Objetivos. Describir las características del consumo de tabaco entre los adolescentes atendidos en un centro de salud, conocer su opinión sobre los factores que influyen en el mismo y analizar la calidad de la intervención del personal sanitario.Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, transversal realizado en adolescentes que acuden al centro de salud.Emplazamiento. Atención primaria (AP).Pacientes. Se seleccionó a todos los jóvenes entre 10 y 20 años que acudieron a las consultas a demanda o programadas de medicina de familia, pediatría o enfermería los martes y miércoles durante diciembre de 2000 a febrero de 2001.Resultados principales. Globalmente fuma el 23,1 per cent (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 per cent, 14,9-33,1) de las chicas frente al 15,3 per cent (IC del 95 per cent, 8,4-24,7) de los chicos. Entre los no fumadores el motivo más importante para no hacerlo es la salud (94,4 per cent). El 50 per cent de los fumadores ha intentado dejar de fumar; de éstos el 70,5 per cent lo ha hecho por motivos relacionados con la salud.Al 49,4 per cent (IC del 95 per cent, 41,8-57,1) de los incluidos en el estudio alguna vez se le ha preguntado en el centro de salud si fuma (10,1 per cent [IC del 95 per cent, 4,2-19,8] entre 10-13 años; 73,4 per cent [IC del 95 per cent, 60,9-83,7] entre 14-17, y 76,7 per cent [IC del 95 per cent, 61,4-88,2] entre 18-20), y al 50,6 per cent nunca se le ha preguntado. De aquellos a los que se les ha preguntado y fuman, al 75 per cent (IC del 95 per cent, 55,1-89,3) se le ha indicado que lo dejen, y de éstos al 4,7 per cent (IC del 95 per cent, 0,1-23,8) se le ofreció ayuda para hacerlo. De los que no fuman al 28,81 per cent (IC del 95 per cent, 17,8-42,1) se le animó a seguir así.Conclusiones. Existe una gran sensibilización tanto en no fumadores como en fumadores sobre las repercusiones del tabaco en la salud. Se observa un abordaje deficiente del tabaquismo en los jóvenes desde las consultas de un centro de salud, especialmente en la población pediátrica (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Comportamento do Adolescente , Tabagismo , Tabagismo , Abandono do Uso de Tabaco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Transversais , Promoção da Saúde , Serviços de Saúde
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