Foot and ankle ability measure: validación de la versión española de 29 ítems en el área de rehabilitación / Foot and ankle ability measure: Validation of a Spanish version with 29 items in rehabilitation setting

Objetivo: El Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) es un cuestionario extendido internacionalmente para patología de pie y tobillo. El propósito del estudio fue desarrollar y validar la versión española de 29 ítems del cuestionario FAAM para las subescalas de Actividades de la Vida Diaria (AVD) y DEPORTE en el área de rehabilitación. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional en dos fases. Primero, se hizo una adaptación transcultural del cuestionario FAAM con una traducción doble al español y doble traducción inversa al inglés. Posteriormente, se validaron las propiedades psicométricas. Los participantes (n = 147), con patología de pie y tobillo, completaron la versión española del FAAM para AVD y DEPORTE, el cuestionario SF-36 y la Escala Analógica Visual de Dolor (EVA). La muestra se empleó para determinar la estructura factorial, consistencia interna y validez convergente y, un subgrupo (n = 46), para determinar la fiabilidad a las 48-72 h. Resultados: La estructura factorial de la versión española del FAAM para AVD y DEPORTE fue unidimensional demostrando alta consistencia interna en ambas subescalas (AVD y DEPORTE, α = 0,97 y α = 0,93, respectivamente). Los valores de fiabilidad fueron de ICC = 0,90 y ICC = 0,76, respectivamente. La validez convergente del cuestionario FAAM con la EVA dolor (r = 0,50) y con la función física de la SF-36 (r = 0,64) se correlacionó moderadamente. Conclusiones: La versión española del FAAM de 29 ítems es un instrumento de medida válido para patologías de pie y tobillo con unas propiedades psicométricas similares a la versión original y a las versiones en otros idiomas.(AU)

Objective: The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) is an internationally widely used outcome measure of foot and ankle disorders available in several languages. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a FAAM Spanish-version with 29 items of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and SPORT subscales in rehabilitation setting. Materials and methods: A two-stage observational study was conducted. The FAAM was cross-culturally adapted to Spanish through a double-forward translation and a double-backward translation; the psychometric properties were then validated. The participants (n = 147), with various chronic foot and ankle disorders, completed the Spanish version of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure ADL and SPORT, SF-36, and a pain intensity visual analogue scale (Pain VAS). The full sample was used to determine the factor structure, the internal consistency, and the convergent criterion validity, and a subgroup (n = 46) was used to determine the reliability at 48–72 h. Results: The factor structure of Spanish version of FAAM ADL and SPORT subscales were both one-dimensional, demonstrating high internal consistency (α = 0.97 and α = 0.93, respectively). The reliability values were ICC = 0.90 and ICC = 0.76, respectively. The convergent validity criterion of Spanish version of FAAM with the Pain VAS (r = 0.50) and Physical Function of SF-36 (r = 0.64) were moderately correlated. Conclusions: The Spanish version of FAAM with 29 items are a valid foot and ankle disorder outcome measure with similar psychometric properties to the original version and versions in other languages.(AU)

[Foot and ankle ability measure: Validation of a Spanish version with 29 items in rehabilitation setting]. / Foot and ankle ability measure: validación de la versión española de 29 ítems en el área de rehabilitación.

OBJECTIVE: The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) is an internationally widely used outcome measure of foot and ankle disorders available in several languages. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a FAAM Spanish-version with 29 items of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and SPORT subscales in rehabilitation setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A two-stage observational study was conducted. The FAAM was cross-culturally adapted to Spanish through a double-forward translation and a double-backward translation; the psychometric properties were then validated. The participants (n = 147), with various chronic foot and ankle disorders, completed the Spanish version of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure ADL and SPORT, SF-36, and a pain intensity visual analogue scale (Pain VAS). The full sample was used to determine the factor structure, the internal consistency, and the convergent criterion validity, and a subgroup (n = 46) was used to determine the reliability at 48-72 h. RESULTS: The factor structure of Spanish version of FAAM ADL and SPORT subscales were both one-dimensional, demonstrating high internal consistency (α = 0.97 and α = 0.93, respectively). The reliability values were ICC = 0.90 and ICC = 0.76, respectively. The convergent validity criterion of Spanish version of FAAM with the Pain VAS (r = 0.50) and Physical Function of SF-36 (r = 0.64) were moderately correlated. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of FAAM with 29 items are a valid foot and ankle disorder outcome measure with similar psychometric properties to the original version and versions in other languages.

Muscle thickness contribution to sit-to-stand ability in institutionalized older adults.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound is a low-cost, safe and accessible tool to use on muscle mass assessment. The relations between muscle thickness and lower limb function have not been investigated in institutionalized elderly people. AIM: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the associations among sit-to-stand capacity, ultrasound-measured rectus femoris muscle thickness, hand grip strength and anthropometrics in a population of institutionalized older adults. METHODS: Twelve older adults (nine women and three men, mean age ± SD 86 ± 7 years, body mass index 24 ± 3 kg/m2) participated in this cross-sectional study. Sit-to-stand capacity using five-repetition sit-to-stand test, rectus femoris muscle thickness using B-mode ultrasonography, handgrip and anthropometric were measured. The relationships of the variables were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Significant bivariate correlations were found between rectus femoris muscle thickness and sit-to-stand test (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed associations between rectus femoris muscle thickness and sit-to-stand test, after adjusting by body mass index and age (p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION: Rectus femoris thickness in contraction adjusted by body mass index and age was predictors of physical performance. The independent variables shared 78.6% of variance in the sit-to-stand test. CONCLUSIONS: Rectus femoris muscle thickness measured with ultrasonography, body mass index and age could explain functionality in institutionalized older adults measured by five-repetition sit-to-stand test.

Energy expenditure measured with accelerometers and self-report questionnaire in people with intellectual disabilities.

BACKGROUND: There are different instruments to measure energy expenditure in general population, but we do not know whether these instruments can be used in people with intellectual disability. METHODS: A sample of 33 participants was invited to wear a triaxial accelerometer during seven consecutive days. Energy expenditure was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Version (IPAQ-S) to gather data regarding the participant's descriptions of the physical activity performed. RESULTS: Agreement between the accelerometers and IPAQ-S in terms of energy expenditure measurements was not reached (P > 0.05). A significant correlation was found between moderate metabolic equivalent of tasks measured with accelerometers and vigorous metabolic equivalent of tasks measured with the IPAQ-S (r = -0.351 [P = 0.045]). CONCLUSION: The main conclusion of this study was a level of discrepancy between measurements taken using the IPAQ-S and the accelerometers in people with intellectual disability.

The relationship between quality of life and physical fitness in people with severe mental illness.

BACKGROUND: Quality of life of people with severe mental illness may be decrease by the high occurrence of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Physical fitness emerges as a modifying factor in this population through physical activity and this modification could influence in the quality of life of this population. The aim of the present study is to determine the contribution of physical fitness to the quality of life of people with severe mental illness. METHODS: In the current study, a physiotherapist and an occupational therapist assessed 62 people with severe mental illness. Physical fitness was measured with a range of 11 fitness tests that covered flexibility, strength, balance, and endurance. To assess quality of life the EQ-5D-3 L scale was used, which measures five dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain-discomfort, and anxiety-depression). RESULTS: Significant correlations are presented between the quality of life and primary variables of physical fitness (balance, endurance, and upper limb strength). Endurance explained 22.9% of the variance of the quality of life in people with severe mental illness. Functional reach added another 36.2% variance to the prediction of quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that some variables of physical fitness are associated with quality of life in people with severe mental illness. The improvement in physical fitness of this population should be a primary objective. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02413164 "retrospective registered" Registered Febr 2017.

Clinical frailty syndrome assessment using inertial sensors embedded in smartphones.

The aim of this study was to identify the series of kinematic variables demonstrating the greatest precision in discriminating between the function of two groups of elderly persons (frail and non-frail) in the 10 m expanded timed up and go (ETUG) test using inertial sensors embedded in the iPhone 4(®). A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the kinematic variables with the highest degree of precision in discriminating between the two groups. The predicted capability of the kinematic variables was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. The sample comprised 30 participants over 65 years old, 14 frail and 16 non-frail, assessed for frailty syndrome using the Fried criteria. Acceleration variables discriminated between the participant groups in the study; specifically these were the peak negative acceleration variables for motion axes x, y and z. In terms of sensitivity, the values were greater than or equal to those for the variable traditionally used to discriminate in the ETUG test, namely time. The kinematic parameters obtained from the internal inertial sensors in the iPhone 4(®) are promising additions to the ETUG analysis. There are encouraging signs that the analyses of these parameters in the separate phases of the ETUG procedure offer the potential for improved discrimination between frail and non-frail individuals. However, further in-depth study is required to verify the findings.

Validation and reliability of a Spanish version of Simple Shoulder Test (SST-Sp).

BACKGROUND: The Simple Shoulder Test (SST-Sp) is a widely used outcome measure. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Spanish-version SST (SST-Sp). METHODS: A two-stage observational study was conducted. The SST was initially cross-culturally adapted to Spanish through double forward and backward translation and then validated for its psychometric characteristics. Participants (n = 66) with several shoulder disorders completed the SST-Sp, DASH, VAS and SF-12. The full sample was employed to determine factor structure, internal consistency and concurrent criterion validity. Reliability was determined in the first 24-48 h in a subsample of 21 patients. RESULTS: The SST-Sp showed three factors that explained the 56.1% of variance, and the internal consistency for each factor was α = 0.738, 0.723 and 0.667, and reliability was ICC = 0.687-0.944. The factor structure was three-dimensional and supported construct validity. Criterion validity determined from the relationship between the SST-Sp and DASH was strong (r = -0.73; p < 0.001) and fair for VAS (r = -0.537; p < 0.001). Relationships between SST-Sp and SF-12 were weak for both physical (r = -0.47; p < 0.001) and mental (r = -0.43; p < 0.001) dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The SST-Sp supports the findings of the original English version as being a valid shoulder outcome measure with similar psychometric properties to the original English version.

A multimodal physiotherapy programme plus deep water running for improving cancer-related fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer survivors.

The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of aquatic-based exercise in the form of deep water running (DWR) as part of a multimodal physiotherapy programme (MMPP) for breast cancer survivors. A controlled clinical trial was conducted in 42 primary breast cancer survivors recruited from community-based Primary Care Centres. Patients in the experimental group received a MMPP incorporating DWR, 3 times a week, for an 8-week period. The control group received a leaflet containing instructions to continue with normal activities. Statistically significant improvements and intergroup effect size were found for the experimental group for Piper Fatigue Scale-Revised total score (d = 0.7, P = 0.001), as well as behavioural/severity (d = 0.6, P = 0.05), affective/meaning (d = 1.0, P = 0.001) and sensory (d = 0.3, P = 0.03) domains. Statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups were also found for general health (d = 0.5, P < 0.05) and quality of life (d = 1.3, P < 0.05). All participants attended over 80% of sessions, with no major adverse events reported. The results of this study suggest MMPP incorporating DWR decreases cancer-related fatigue and improves general health and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Further, the high level of adherence and lack of adverse events indicate such a programme is safe and feasible.

Correlaciones entre los valores cardiopulmonares, bioquímicos y antropométricos en personas inactivas en Atención Primaria / Relationships among the cardiopulmonary, biochemical and anthropometry values for inactive subjects in Primary Care

Introducción. La inactividad física es uno de los mayores problemas de salud del siglo XXI . El objetivo de este estudio es medir la relación y el grado de contribución entre la función cardiopulmonar, la bioquímica y la antropometría en los pacientes inactivos. Material y métodos. El diseño es transversal y se realizaron 150 valoraciones en Atención Primaria y Comunitaria. Resultados. En las correlaciones bivariadas el porcentaje graso y la creatina cinasa fue significativa y positivamente relacionada con la capacidad vital forzada. En el análisis multivariante, el mejor modelo para la composición corporal es determinado por el porcentaje graso como variable dependiente, y la frecuencia cardiaca al final de la ergometría, el colesterol de alta densidad y la capacidad vital forzada como variables independientes. Conclusión. Las relaciones significativas de carácter débil encontradas en esta población orientan sobre la necesidad de seguir buscando diferentes estrategias para aumentar la actividad física y mantener estilos de vida saludables(AU)

Introduction. Physical inactivity is one of the major public health problem of the twenty-first century. The purpose of this study was to measuring the relationship and grade of contribution among the cardiopulmonary function, blood biochemical parameters and anthropometry for inactive people treated in Primary Care Centers. Material and methods. This study is cross-sectional and consisting of 150 evaluations in Primary and Community Care Centers. Results. In the bivariate relationships the percentage of body fat and the creatine kinase were significantly positively related to forced vital capacity. In the multivariate regression analysis the best model for body composition is determinated by the percentage fat as the dependent outcome and predictors outcomes of final heart rate of exercise testing, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and forced vital capacity. Conclusion. The weak relationships that were found in this population, guidance on possible improvements that would be necessary to continue looking for increase physical activity and maintain active lifestyles(AU)

Analysis of the neuromuscular activity during rising from a chair in water and on dry land.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the neuromuscular responses during the performance of a sit to stand [STS] task in water and on dry land. SCOPE: 10 healthy subjects, five males and five females were recruited for study. Surface electromyography sEMG was used for lower limb and trunk muscles maximal voluntarty contraction [MVC] and during the STS task. RESULTS: Muscle activity was significantly higher on dry land than in water normalized signals by MVC from the quadriceps-vastus medialis [17.3%], the quadriceps - rectus femoris [5.3%], the long head of the biceps femoris [5.5%], the tibialis anterior [13.9%], the gastrocnemius medialis [3.4%], the soleus [6.2%]. However, the muscle activity was higher in water for the rectus abdominis [-26.6%] and the erector spinae [-22.6%]. CONCLUSIONS: This study for the first time describes the neuromuscular responses in healthy subjects during the performance of the STS task in water. The differences in lower limb and trunk muscle activity should be considered when using the STS movement in aquatic rehabilitation.

Psychometric properties of the QuickPIPER: a shortened version of the PIPER Fatigue scale.

This paper proposes 'QuickPIPER', a 15-item, validated one-dimensional model representing cancer-related fatigue, based on factor analysis testing of the Piper Fatigue Scale-revised (R-PFS). One hundred and eleven breast cancer survivors participated in this prospective, observational study of the QuickPIPER validation. Participants completed the R-PFS and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) Fatigue and Vigor subscales. The questionnaires were tested concurrently before and after a multimodal exercise programme trial. Psychometric characteristics assessed from the sample included internal consistency and factor analysis, concurrent criterion validity and predictive ability. The results shows that the correlation matrix for the QuickPIPER questionnaire was determined as suitable with the Kaiser-Meyer-Oklin values (0.89) and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity (P < 0.001). The total cumulative variance explained was 65.32%. The goodness-of-fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis were satisfactory (normed fit index = 0.91 and comparative fit index = 0.92). Test-retest reliability was very good (r = 0.947, P < 0.001). The QuickPIPER scores correlated with POMS Fatigue (r = 0.800) and POMS Vigor (r = -0.352) subscales. Predictive ability showed that the area under the curves for the screening questionnaires was 0.743 (95% confidence interval 0.579-0.906). The 15-item QuickPIPER possesses similar properties to the 22-item R-PFS and offers the important advantage of brevity.

Deep water running and general practice in primary care for non-specific low back pain versus general practice alone: randomized controlled trial.

There is equivocal evidence regarding the benefits of aquatic aerobic exercise for non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) in addition to standard care in general practice consisting of education and advice. The purpose of this study was to compare the addition of deep water running (DWR) to standard general practice (GP) on NSCLBP versus GP care alone on pain, physical and mental health and disability. In this single-blind randomised controlled trial, 58 subjects with NSCLBP were recruited from primary care. The control group received GP care consisting of a physician's consultation and educational booklet only. The experimental group received additional 30-min sessions of DWR three times a week for 15 weeks at the individualized aerobic threshold. Measurements were made pre- and post-intervention and at 1-year follow-up. Both groups showed improvement. The difference between treatment effects at longest follow-up of 1 year was -26.0 (-40.9 to -11.1) mm on the VAS (p < 0.05), -2.5 (-5.7 to -0.2) points in RMQ for disability (p < 0.05), 3.3 (10.0 to 24.7) points on physical health in the physical summary component of the Spanish Short Form 12 (SF-12; p < 0.05) and 5.8 (8.6 to 34.7) points on the mental summary component of the SF-12 (p < 0.05), in favour of the DWR group. For patients with NSCLBP, the addition of DWR to GP was more effective in reducing pain and disability than standard GP alone, suggesting the effectiveness and acceptability of this approach with this group of patients.

Attitudes towards massage modify effects of manual therapy in breast cancer survivors: a randomised clinical trial with crossover design.

Our aims were to investigate the immediate effect of myofascial release on heart rate variability and mood state, and the influence of attitude towards massage in breast cancer survivors with cancer-related fatigue. Twenty breast cancer survivors reporting moderate to high cancer-related fatigue participated in this crossover study. All patients presented to the laboratory at the same time of the day on two occasions separated by a 2-week interval. At each session, they received either a massage intervention or control intervention. Holter electrocardiogram recordings and Profile of Mood States questionnaire (six domains: tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, vigour, fatigue, confusion) were obtained before and immediately after each intervention. The attitude towards massage scale was collected before the first session in all breast cancer survivors. The results showed a significant session × time interaction for standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval (SDNN) (F= 5.063, P= 0.039), square root of mean squared differences of successive normal-to-normal intervals (RMSSD) (F= 8.273, P= 0.010), high-frequency component (HF) (F= 7.571, P= 0.013), but not for index heart rate variability (F= 3.451, P= 0.080), low-frequency component (LF) (F= 0.014, P= 0.997) and ratio LF/HF (F= 3.680, P= 0.072): significant increases in SDNN, RMSSD and HF domain (P < 0.05) were observed after the manual therapy intervention, with no changes after placebo (P > 0.6). No influence of the attitude scale on heart rate variability results was found. A significant session × time interaction was also found for fatigue (F= 5.101, P= 0.036) and disturbance of mood (F= 6.690, P= 0.018) scales of the Profile of Mood States: patients showed a significant decrease in fatigue and disturbance of mood (P < 0.001) after manual therapy, with no changes after placebo (P > 0.50). A significant influence of the attitude scale was observed in tension-anxiety, depression-dejection and anger-hostility scales. This controlled trial suggests that massage leads to an immediate increase of heart rate variability and an improvement in mood in breast cancer survivors with cancer-related fatigue. Further, the positive impact of massage on cancer-related fatigue is modulated by the attitude of the patient towards massage.

Efectividad de la hidroterapia en las personas con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / Effectiveness of hydrotherapy in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio es detectar los niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación de la intervención acuática terapéutica en personas con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) basado en una revisión sistemática. Diseño. La bases de datos revisadas son las siguientes: Medline, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Sport Discus, SCOPUS, Oaister, DOAJ, Cochrane, EMBASE y Pedro. Material y método. Los límites de la búsqueda son ensayos clínicos aleatorios, estudios cohortes y estudios de casos que fueron publicados desde 1996 hasta 2010. Los documentos seleccionados fueron clasificados según los grados de recomendación de la sociedad finlandesa DUODECIM. La calidad metodológica de los dieciséis ensayos seleccionados se evaluó usando la lista Delphi. Resultados. Dos documentos primarios mostraron cambios clínicos en el cuestionario de calidad de vida específico para enfermos respiratorios. Las personas que realizaron ejercicio incremental en el agua presentaron cambios funcionales en la distancia recorrida en la prueba de test de marcha, en la capacidad vital forzada y en el volumen espiratorio forzado. La intervención acuática terapéutica que se recomienda es a una intensidad del 50 al 90% del VO2max, con una frecuencia de dos a cinco días a la semana, con sesiones de 30 a 50 minutos, durante un período de tratamiento desde 8 a 24 semanas de duración y una variabilidad de la temperatura del agua desde 29°C hasta 38°C. En futuros estudios sería posible hacer subgrupos de los pacientes en función de sus condiciones físicas de partida para mejorar los resultados de la intervención (AU)

Introduction. The aim of this study is to detect the levels of evidence and grades of recommendation of therapeutic aquatic exercise interventions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on a systematic review. Design. The following databases were reviewed: Medline, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Sport Discus, SCOPUS, Oaister, DOAJ, Cochrane, EMBASE and Pedro. Material and methods. A search for randomized clinical trials, cohort studies and case studies published 1996 to 2010 was made. The documents selected were classified according to the grades of recommendation of the DUODECIM Finnish society. Methodological quality of the 16 trials selected was assessed using the Delphi list. Results. Two primary documents showed clinical changes on the quality of life of questionnaire aimed at respiratory patients. Those subjects who performed incremental exercise in the water showed functional changes in the distance walked in the walking test, in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume. The incremental therapeutic water exercise recommended in the articles had an intensity ranging from 50% to 90% of VO2max with a frequency of two to five days a week. The sessions ranged from 30 to 50minutes within a treatment period going from 8 to 24 weeks with water temperature varying from 29°C to 38°C. In future studies, subgroups of the patients can be made based on their initial physical condition in order to improve the outcomes of the intervention (AU)

Efecto del vendaje neuromuscular a corto plazo en la fuerza en la extensión de rodilla / Short-term effects of neuromuscular tape on knee extension force

Objetivos Estudiar los efectos a corto plazo del vendaje neuromuscular (VNM) en la fuerza máxima y explosiva en la extensión de rodilla. Material y métodos Veintiún sujetos participaron en este estudio cuasi experimental. Criterios de inclusión Sujetos sanos que practicaban entre 3 y 12 h de actividad deportiva a la semana. Criterios de exclusión Sujetos con antecedentes o que cursasen alguna enfermedad cardiovascular y/o respiratoria incompatible con los test de fuerza muscular aplicados, antecedentes de intervención quirúrgica en miembros inferiores (MMII) en los 6 meses previos, lesión músculo-tendinosa, articular o traumatismo severo en los MMII en el último mes, y sujetos alérgicos al material adhesivo del VNM. Cada sujeto realizó un test de fuerza isométrica de extensión de rodilla y un test de fuerza explosiva (salto en profundidad) con y sin VNM aplicado. Análisis estadístico Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo y la diferencia de medias con la prueba de la t de Student para muestras relacionadas. Resultados No se encontraron diferencias significativas en ninguna variable, salvo en el pico máximo de fuerza, donde el sujeto sufría un descenso del 20% cuando llevaba aplicado el VNM. Conclusiones El VNM posee efectos a corto plazo sobre la fuerza isométrica máxima en la extensión de rodilla, aunque no provoca efecto en la fuerza explosiva (AU)

Objectives To study the short term effects of neuromuscular taping (NMT) on maximum force and explosive strength in knee extension. Material and methods21 subjects participated in this quasi-experimental study. Inclusion criteria healthy subjects who practiced 3 to 12hours of sports per week. Exclusion criteria Subjects with history of or who had an on-going cardiovascular and/or respiratory disease incompatible with the muscle strength tests applied, backgrounds of surgical intervention in lower limbs (LL) in the 6 previous months, muscle-tendon, joint lesion or severe traumatism in the LL in the last month, and subjects allergic to adhesive material of the NMT. Each subject underwent an isometric strength test of the explosive strength (depth jump) with and without applied NMT. Statistical analysis A descriptive statistical study and differences of means were performed with the Student's T test for paired samples. Results No significant differences were found in any variable except for the maximum strength peak, where the subject suffered a 20% decrease when the NMT was used. Conclusions The NMT has a short term effect on maximum isometric strength in knee extension, although it has no effect on the explosive strength (AU)

Arquitectura muscular y momento de fuerza, relación en el erector espinal durante extensión isométrica máxima / Muscle architecture and torque, relationship on erector spinae muscle during maximal isometric extension

Objetivo. Estudiar, en el músculo erector espinal (ES), durante extensiones isométricas máximas, la relación existente entre el ángulo de penación, el grosor muscular y el momento de fuerza. Material y método. Estudio transversal analítico. Cuarenta y seis participantes sanos (25 mujeres y 21 hombres), sin patologías musculoesqueléticas, ejecutaron 3 contracciones isométricas máximas, de 5 segundos de duración, en extensión lumbar a 45° desde la vertical. Durante la ejecución, se registraron el momento de fuerza y las 2 variables arquitectónicas del músculo ES. Se utilizaron las variables obtenidas a través de imagen ecográfica (variables arquitectónicas) como variables independientes y el momento de fuerza como variable dependiente en la regresión lineal y la correlación bivariada realizada entre las variables consideradas. Resultados. En la regresión lineal entre variables se obtuvo un valor en R2 de 0,805. En la correlación bivariada, todas las variables arquitectónicas se mostraron estadísticamente significativas entre ellas. Conclusión. Durante una extensión lumbar a 45° desde la vertical, las 2 variables independientes (ángulo de penación y grosor muscular) obtenidas del músculo ES consiguen un valor de R2 superior a 0,8 en la regresión lineal, lo que explicaría una altísima relación entre estas y la variable dependiente (AU)

Aim: To study the relationship existing between pennation angle, muscle thickness and moment of force in the erector spinae (ES) muscle during maximal isometric extension. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 46 healthy participants (25 women and 21 men) without musculoskeletal disorders. They performed 3 5-second long maximum isometric contractions in lumbar extension at 45◦ from vertical. During the test, moment of force and the 2 muscle architectural variables of the ES muscle were recorded. The variables obtained through ultrasound imaging (architectural variables) were considered as independent variables and torque as dependent variable in linear regression and bivariate correlation made between the variables studied. Results: An R2 value of 0.805 was obtained in the linear regression between variables. In the bivariate correlation, all the architectural variables were statistically significant between them. Conclusion: During a lumbar extension at 45◦ from the vertical, the 2 independent variables (angle of pennation and muscle thickness) obtained of the ES muscle achieved an R2 value higher than 0.8 on the linear regression analysis. This would explain the very high relationship between these and the dependent variable (torque) (AU)

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud tras un programa comunitario de hidrocinesiterapia para embarazadas / Health-related quality of life after a community program of hydrokinesis therapy for pregnant women

Objetivo. Determinar cómo cambia la calidad de vida de mujeres embarazadas que realizan un programa comunitario de hidrocinesiterapia para embarazadas (PCHCE). Material y método. Estudio cuasi experimental pre-post intervención. Estudio realizado en un centro comunitario de promoción de salud y actividad física. Veintiséis mujeres embarazadas, la cuales, durante 8 semanas realizaron un programa comunitario de hidrocinesiterapia para embarazadas 2 veces por semana. Criterios de inclusión: aportar autorización facultativa. Criterios de exclusión: mujeres que superasen las 24 semanas de gestación, que no portasen dicha autorización o que rechazasen participar en el estudio. Fueron utilizados los cuestionarios SF-12 y EuroQol como instrumentos específicos para medir las variaciones de la calidad de vida y el estado general de salud de las participantes. Resultados. Con una edad media de 32±4,09 en las participantes. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: estado general de salud física 1,73 (IC 95% −3,00–6,46); estado de salud mental −2,19 (−6,67–2,29), EuroQol_5D −0,01 (−0,10–0,07) y EuroQol_EVA 0,29 (−7,39–7,97). Conclusiones. Un programa comunitario de hidrocinesitareapia para embarazadas de 8 semanas de duración puede frenar el normal descenso de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en mujeres embarazadas (AU)

Objective. To determine how the quality of life of pregnant women who participate in a community program of hydrokinesis therapy for pregnant women (PHTPW) changes. Material and methods. Quasi-experimental, pre-post intervention study. This study was conducted in a community center for physical activity and health promotion. A total of 26 pregnant women, who took part in a community program of hydrokinesis therapy for pregnant women twice a week, were included. Inclusion criteria: provide medical authorization. Exclusion criteria: women who exceeded 24 weeks of pregnancy, who did not provide authorization or who refused to participate in the study. The SF-12 and EuroQol questionnaires were used as specific instruments to measure the variations of quality of life and general health status of the participants. Results. The participants had a mean age of 32±4.09. The results obtained were: general physical health condition 1.73 (95% CI −3.00 to 6.46); mental health condition −2.19 (−6.67 to 2.29), EuroQol_5D −0.01 (−0.10 to 0.07) and EuroQol_VAS 0.29 (−7.39 to 7.97). Conclusions. An 8-week long community program of hydrokinesis therapy for pregnant women may stop the normal decrease in health-related quality of life in pregnant women (AU)

Revisión de ensayos clínicos sobre rehabilitación respiratoria en enfermos pulmonares obstructivos crónicos / Review about clinical control trials of respiratory rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objetivo: Comparar los tipos de entrenamiento físico para pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) y analizar cuál es el más efectivo. Diseño: Revisión sistemática de la literatura médica sobre el tema. Estrategia de búsqueda Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de los estudios relevantes publicados desde 1999 hasta 2009 en la base de datos de Medline. Selección de estudios: los límites de búsqueda son ensayos clínicos aleatorios. Los criterios de selección son artículos que muestran tipos de entrenamiento en seco o agua para pacientes con EPOC y que incluían las variables funcionales y clínicas siguientes: datos espirométricos, consumo de oxígeno y cuestionarios de calidad de vida, respectivamente. La calidad metodológica fue medida con la lista Delphi. Un total de 38 artículos fueron incluidos en la revisión sistemática y solo 9 superaron los criterios de selección. Resultados: La mayoría de los artículos defienden el ejercicio físico aeróbico resistido incremental, con una intensidad que va del 90-50% de la VO2máx, con una frecuencia entre 2-4 días a la semana, la sesión desde 30-60 min y un periodo de tratamiento desde 8-12 semanas de duración. Todos los artículos incluyen pacientes con EPOC grave y que habían dejado de fumar antes de comenzar la intervención de ejercicio físico. Los valores del tamaño del efecto en el cuestionario respiratorio y el VO2 máx no mostraron diferencias significativas. Conclusión: Existe una clara tendencia de los autores a presentar el trabajo de ejercicio físico aeróbico incremental como el de mayor efectividad en el tratamiento de los pacientes con EPOC (AU)

Objective: Compare the effectiveness various exercises training programmes in the rehabilitation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Desing: A systematic literature review of random control trials. Search strategy We conducted a systematic search to identify relevant studies published between 1999 and 2009 in Medline database. Selection of studies The search limits were randomised controlled trial. The selection criteria were trials using exercise training in patients with COPD on dryland or water and included the following clinical and functional outcomes: lung function, oxygen uptake and quality of life questionnaire, respectively. Methodological quality of randomized controlled trials was assessed using the Delphi list. The literature search delivered a total of 38 studies, however only nine reach eligibility selection. Results: Most trials used incremental aerobic resistance exercises at an intensity ranging from 90 to 50% of VO2max. Frequency was two or four days a weeks, in sessions of 30 to 60min over a period of 8 to 12 weeks. All studies include persons with severe COPD who had stopped smoking before beginning the intervention. The effect of exercise training in CRQ and VO2max was not significant. In summary, the systematic review shows a clear tendency toward the use of incremental physical workload as the most effective in the treatment of patients with COPD (AU)

Efectividad clínica de un programa de fisioterapia multimodal complementado con carrera acuática de alta intensidad sobre la lumbalgia. Un estudio con evaluación previa en el postest / Clinical effectiveness of a multimodal physiotherapy program supplemented by high intensity deep water running on low back pain. A study with previous evaluation in the post-test

IntroducciónLa lumbalgia mecánica inespecífica crónica se presenta como un problema muy frecuente en la población en edad laboral. La fisioterapia multimodal se presenta como la combinación de las intervenciones que a corto plazo han dado mejores resultados: educación, terapia manual y ejercicio físico. Existen suficientes bases para pensar que la carrera acuática aumenta el tamaño del efecto de esta intervención cuando ambas se complementan. Se ha demostrado válido el uso de estudios donde la recogida de datos (pre y postintervención) se realiza únicamente al final de éste.Material y métodoEstudio con evaluación previa en el postest, en un grupo con intervención de 8 semanas según fisioterapia multimodal más carrera acuática en piscina profunda sobre 43 sujetos con lumbalgia mecánica inespecífica crónica de más de 12 semanas de evolución. Tras la intervención, los pacientes rellenan dos veces los mismos test referidos a dos momentos diferentes: antes y después de la intervención.ResultadosEn un grupo de 43 sujetos (28 mujeres) con una edad media de 48±7,97 años, en todas las variables medidas se obtuvieron cambios relevantes: 7,56 (IC 95%: 4,55 a 10,56); p<0,000 (estado general de salud física en SF-12); 4,82 (IC 95%: 0,67 a 8,97); p<0,024 (estado general de salud mental en SF-12); 0,275 (IC 95%: 0,19 a 0,35) p<0,000 (calidad de vida en EuroQoL-5D); 24,78 (IC 95%: 17,79 a 31,78); p< 0,000 (escala validad de vida en EuroQoL, escala visual analógica); −2,78 (IC 95%: −4,25 a −1,30); p<0,000 (grado de incapacidad física en Roland Morris); 35,52 (IC 95%: 44,51 a 26,53); p<0,000 (escala visual analógica).(..) (AU)

IntroductionNon-specific chronic low back pain is a common problem in the working age population. Multimodal physiotherapy is the combination of the best three short-time interventions; advice, manual therapy and physical exercise. There are sufficient bases to consider that deep water running increases the effects size when they complement each other. Use of studies that collect pre- and post-intervention data only at the end of it has been shown to be valid.Material and methodsStudy with a post than pre design, with an 8-week intervention group based on multimodal physiotherapy supplements with deep water running in 43 subjects with non-specific chronic low back pain with an evolution of 12 week or more. The patients, after having undergone the intervention, filled out the same tests corresponding to two different times: before and after the intervention.Results43 subjects (28 women), mean age 48 years old (±7.97). All variables measured showed significant changes: 7.56 (95% CI 4.55 to 10.56) p<0.000 (Physical general health state in SF-12); 4.82 (95% CI 0.67 to 8.97) p<0.024 (Mental general health state SF-12); 0.275 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.35) p<0.000 (EuroQoL 5D); 24.78 (95% CI 17.79 to 31,78) p<0.000 (EuroQol VAS); −2.78 (95% CI −4.25 to −1.30) p<0.000 (Roland Morris Questionnaire); 35.52 (95% CI 44.51 to 26.53) p<0.000 (VAS)ConclusionsAn individualized intervention strategy with evidence based physiotherapy program produces a relevant and significant improvement in all the variables studied. Supplementing the evidence based physiotherapy program with deep water running may cause an increase in effect size(AU)