Incorporación del mindfulness en el aula: un estudio piloto con estudiantes universitarios / Mindfulness Classroom Implementation: A Pilot Study with University Students

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los efectos de un programa breve de mindfulness adaptado al contexto del aula, en relación con el nivel de mindfulness (MAAS), evitación experiencial (AAQ-II), ansiedad (STAI) y satisfacción vital (SWLS). La muestra estuvo conformada por 115 estudiantes universitarios. Tras la participación en el programa, los estudiantes aumentaron significativamente los niveles de satisfacción vital y ansiedad estado, no se encontraron diferencias en el resto de variables. Sin embargo, el aumento de la satisfacción vital se relacionó con el aumento del nivel de mindfulness al final del programa (coincidiendo con el inicio de los exámenes). En conclusión, un programa breve de mindfulness mejora la satisfacción vital, aun en un período de alto nivel de ansiedad como es el periodo de exámenes.

Abstract The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the effects of a brief mindfulness program adapted to the academic context, to acknowledge the influence on the level of mindfulness (MAAS), experiential avoidance (AAQ-II), anxiety (STAI) and life satisfaction (SWLS). The sample consisted of 115 college students. After participating in the programme, students showed significantly higher levels of life satisfaction and state anxiety and no differences were found in mindfulness, experiential avoidance and trait anxiety. However, the increase in life satisfaction was related to the increased level of mindfulness at the end of the program (which concurred with the beginning of the exams). In conclusion, a brief mindfulness program improved life satisfaction even in a period of high anxiety, such as the exams period.

Intervención psicológica grupal, basada en la aceptación y el entrenamiento en comunicación, con familiares de personas con trastorno mental grave / Group psychological intervention, based on acceptance and communication training, with relatives of people with severe mental disorders

Se evaluó la eficacia de un programa de intervención grupal para la disminución de problemas psicológicos de familiares que conviven con pacientes con trastorno mental grave. Participaron ocho madres y un padre cuyos hijos recibían tratamiento en un Hospital de Día de Salud Mental. Se les aplicó el 'Inventario de ansiedad de Beck', el 'Inventario de depresión de Beck-II', la 'Escala de estrés percibido', el “Cuestionario de salud SF- 36', el 'Inventario de estrategias de afrontamiento' y el 'Inventario de aserción'. Asistieron a 20 sesiones de tratamiento psicológico grupal, basado en la aceptación y el desarrollo de competencias. Tras la intervención, los participantes disminuyeron significativamente el nivel de depresión, aumentaron la conducta asertiva y el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento orientadas a la solución de problemas. Los familiares valoraron el programa como útil, aplicaron lo aprendido en su vida cotidiana, disminuyeron los niveles de malestar psicológico y la mayoría realizó acciones en la dirección de lo que valora en su vida. En conclusión, el programa fue eficaz para disminuir la depresión en los familiares y aumentar estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas. No obstante, son necesarios más estudios para superar algunas limitaciones como el tamaño de la muestra y la ausencia del grupo control

The effectiveness of a group intervention program to reduce psychological problems in relatives living with patients with severe mental disorders was evaluated. Attended eight mothers and one father whose adult children were receiving treatment in a Mental Health Day Hospital. They followed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Perceived Stress Scale, the SF-36 Health Survey, the Coping Strategies Inventory, and the Assertiveness Inventory. They attended 20 sessions of group psychological acceptance and development of skills based treatment. Following the completion of the program, the level of depression in the parents decreased significantly, assertive conduct increased, as did the use of coping strategies aimed at the solution of problems. The relatives rated the program as useful, applied what they have learned to their daily lives, decreased the levels of psychological discomfort, and the majority applied what they have learned to what they value most. Concluding the program was successful in decreasing depression among patients’ relatives and in increasing their adaptive coping skills. Nevertheless, more studies are needed in order to overcome some limitations such as the size of the cohort and the lack of a control group

Neuropsychological function, anxiety, depression and pain impact in fibromyalgia patients

Cognitive deficits have a significant impact on the daily performance of fibromyalgia patients. This paper analyzes executive functioning and decision-making performance, and the relationships between these functions and pain, anxiety, depression and medication in fibromyalgia patients. A group of fibromyalgia patients (FG) (n = 85) was compared with a healthy control group (CG) (n = 85) in their performance in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). In the WCST, results showed a percentage of non-perseverative errors significantly higher in the CG than in the FG (p = .026), the other variables (percentage of perseverative errors, number of categories and failures to maintain set) showed no significant differences. In relation to decision-making (IGT), once the rules had been learnt, the FG made fewer advantageous choices than the CG, but these differences were not statistically significant (p = .325). In the FG, pain severity (p = .010) and impact on daily activities (p = .016) interfered with decision-making, unlike anxiety, depression or medication, which did no relate to it. In executive function, pain and impact on daily activities were associated with the percentage of perseverative errors (p = .051) and the number of categories (p = .031), whereas pain severity was related to failures to maintain set (p = .039), indicative of increased distractibility and poor attentional ability. In conclusion, FG showed normal performance in executive functioning and decision-making. Moreover, pain was associated with neuropsychological functioning whereas anxiety, depression and medication were not (AU)

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Neuropsychological function, anxiety, depression and pain impact in fibromyalgia patients.

Cognitive deficits have a significant impact on the daily performance of fibromyalgia patients. This paper analyzes executive functioning and decision-making performance, and the relationships between these functions and pain, anxiety, depression and medication in fibromyalgia patients. A group of fibromyalgia patients (FG) (n = 85) was compared with a healthy control group (CG) (n = 85) in their performance in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). In the WCST, results showed a percentage of non-perseverative errors significantly higher in the CG than in the FG (p = .026), the other variables (percentage of perseverative errors, number of categories and failures to maintain set) showed no significant differences. In relation to decision-making (IGT), once the rules had been learnt, the FG made fewer advantageous choices than the CG, but these differences were not statistically significant (p = .325). In the FG, pain severity (p = .010) and impact on daily activities (p = .016) interfered with decision-making, unlike anxiety, depression or medication, which did no relate to it. In executive function, pain and impact on daily activities were associated with the percentage of perseverative errors (p = .051) and the number of categories (p = .031), whereas pain severity was related to failures to maintain set (p = .039), indicative of increased distractibility and poor attentional ability. In conclusion, FG showed normal performance in executive functioning and decision-making. Moreover, pain was associated with neuropsychological functioning whereas anxiety, depression and medication were not.