The complete mitochondrial genome of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai (Dryopteridaceae, Dryopteris Adanson).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Dryopteris crassirhizoma was sequenced for the first time. The mitochondrial genome length was 313,346 bp, with 48.58% GC contents. There were 94 genes annotated, including 27 known protein-coding genes, 49 tRNAs, and 18 rRNAs. The maximum likelihood method was used to establish the phylogenetic tree of six species. The phylogenetic results showed that D. crassirhizoma was sister to Ophioglossum californicum. It reveals the genetic relationship between different species and provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of a classification system.

[Effects of Pb Stress on Photosynthetic Pigment Biosynthesis and Growth of Rabdosia rubescens].

OBJECTIVE: To study the impacts of lead (Pb) stress on the leaf photosynthetic pigment and the growth of Rabdosia rubescens,in order to provide a basis for planting area selection and growth regulation. METHODS: Taking chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, growth rate, biomass and Pb content as the indexes, the Ramets hydroponic experiments at Pb concentration levels (135,270 and 540 mg/L) in the time(20, 35 and 50 d) were carried out. Photosynthetic pigment content was determined by spectrophotometer, and Pb mass fraction was detected with plasma emission spectrometer. RESULTS: There was uncertain effect on chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis in different Pb concentrations in-early period (20 and 35 d). At the time of 50 d, the chlorophyll content was higher in the low-mid Pb concentrations, significantly lower in the high Pb concentration compared with the control group, and there were no significant differences on carotenoid contents in different Pb concentrations. CONCLUSION: Low-mid Pb concentrations can promote chlorophyll synthesis, and the bioaccumulation of high Pb concentration can inhibit the chlorophyll synthesis, and then restrict the growth of Rabdosia rubescens.

[Effects of Pb2+ stress on seed germination & seedling growth of Rabdosia rubescens].

The seeds of Rabdosia rubescens were as the materials to research the impacts of different lead (Pb2+) concentrations(0, 135, 270, 540, 1 080 mg x L(-1)) on seed germination and seedling growth. The results show that: Low concentration of lead had no obvious effect on early germination of the seed, the germination vigor and germination speed were lightly higher but not significantly differed at the level of Pb concentration 135 mg x L(-1) with control group; Mid-high concentration of Pb solution (270-1 080 mg x L(-1)) significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth, which reduced the seed germination rate, germination vigor, germination index, embryo root length and shoot length, growth index with increasing of Pb concentrations. There was a inhibitory effect on embryo shoot length and root length at mid-high lead concentrations stress, and stronger inhibitory effect on root , which was more sensitive than shoot to Pb stress(P < 0.05). Pb bioaccumulation coefficient (BC) was 0.76-2.59, increased with concentration of Pb; Pb enrichment in seedling mainly caused the growth inhibition. The fitting model predictive analyses show, the critical concentration of Pb, which causes the germination rate and biomass fresh weight reducing 10%, is 195.18, 101.65 mg x L(-1).

[Dynamic analysis of mineral elements during growth and development stage of the Kirilowii plant].

ICP-AES technology was used to determine the major mineral elements content and analyze the dynamic and cumulative amount of the main absorption during the growth and development stage of the Kinlowii organs plant. The result showed as follows: (1)The mineral elements were changing in the different stage. The highest mineral element accumulation of K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Mo occured in October, their values are 3,695.90, 445.88, 9,649.32, 2,652.10 mg per plant, 324,398.29, 40,188.65, 22,383.13, 36,054.58 and 61.95 microg per plant separately. But the highest value of B occured in September and the value was 8 690.97 microg per plant. (2) the distribution of mineral element in the kirilowii plant was not even, the contents of K and P were highest in kirilowii peel, they can reach 27.65 and 2.63 mg.g-1. The contents of Ca and Mg were highest in kirilowii leaves, they can reach 33.28 and 5.73 mg .g-1. The contents of Fe, Mn, B were highest in kirilowii roots, they can reach: 4,069.74, 127.73, 24.75 microg.g-1. The contents of Zn and Mo were highest in kirilowii seeds, they can reach 68. 61 and 1.07 microg.g-1. (3) the cumulation dynamic of mineral elements in kirilowii plant during the whole stages was S-type, and the plant showed rapid growth from the mid-July to mid-Spetember. The information of this study will supply a scientific data for the quality assessment and rational fertilization of kirilowii plant and harvestment.

[Effects of COR and Me-JA on mineral elements in L. japonica].

ICP-AES technique was used to determine the content, accumulation and proportion of mineral elements in L. japonica and analyze the differences after treatment by COR and Me-JA. The results show that: (1) The content of K, Mg, Na, Zn, B and Si in L. japonica were increased by 5.82%, 2.55%, 155.17%, 5.34%, 16.11% and 142.15% respectively after treatment by COR, while the content of P, Ca, Fe and Mn was reduced by 3.99%, 19.20%, 38.89% and 35.96% (2) After treatment by Me-JA, the content of K, Na, Zn, B, and Si were increased by 4.46%, 137.93%, 6.09%, 10.09% and 89.24%, however the content of P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn were decreased by 9.82%, 20.29%, 8.49%, 42.00% and 36.80% respectively. (3) When treated by COR and Me-JA, K:P and Na:Zn were increased, while Ca:Mg and Fe:Mn and B:Si were decreased. The results of this study define the influence of COR and Me-JA on the mineral elements of L. japonica, and provide a scientific basis for the rational use of plant growth regulators as well.

[Determination of mineral elements in Bupleurum based on ICP-AES].

UNLABELLED: ICP-AES technique was used to determine the mineral elements in Bupleurum at different habitat. The results show that: (1) In Bupleurum, the content and accumulation of K was the highest among 5 macroelements, the content and accumulation of Fe was the highest among 5 microelements. (2) In Bupleurum, the content of Ca, Mg, P, Na and Cu was high in habitat of Beijing, the content can respectively reach to 6.40, 3.84, 3.45, 4.97 mg x g(-1), and 25.20 microg x g(-1); while the content of K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Mn and Cu was low in habitat of Wanrong,and the content was only 12.43, 4.57, 1.92, 1.79 mg x g(-1) and 50.04, 32.21, 15.43 microg x g respectively. (3) In Bupleurum, the content of P : K, Zn : Fe, Cu and Mn was significantly different at different habitat, while Mg and Ca showed little difference. CONCLUSION: In Bupleurum, the content, accumulation and proportion of mineral elements were difference at different habitat.

[Determination of the content of mineral elements in Cistanche tubulosa from different areas].

The contents of mineral elements in Cistanche tubulosa from different areas and in the soil in which they grew were determined by ICP-AES The results showed that: (1) the contents of K, P, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and B were rich among different samples collected in five locations. (2) the concentrations of 5 macroelements were high values, in which the content of K was the highest in different aeras. the content of Fe was higher than other microelements and specilally, the Fe content from Xinjiang sample reached to 433.56 microg x g(-1). (3) the mineral elements absorption rate of Cistanche tubulosa is different in different areas and the absorption ability of K, Na and P was higher than other elements in Cistanche tubulosa. (4) the concentrations and utilization rate of mineral elements in Cistanche tubulosa from Xinjiang was higher than other areas. The results maybe provided scientific data and suggestion for the quality control of Cistanche tubulosa.

[Analysis of mineral elements in different organs of Chrysanthemum indicum L. based on ICP-AES].

ICP-AES technique was used to analyse the mineral elements in different organs of Chrysanthemum indicum L. The results show that: (1) The content of K in root, stem, leaves and flower was the highest among macroelements, and can respectively reach to 15.84, 17.74, 31.52 and 37.55 mg x g(-1), while the content of Fe was the highest in microelements in root, stem, leaves and flower, and can respectively reach to 3 219.90, 433.36, 1 519.46, and 1 426.63 microg x g(-1). (2) The accumulation of K, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn and Mo was highest in stem of Chrysanthemum indicum L, and can respectively reach to 240.61, 19.67, 74.87, 18.31 mg x plant(-1) and 893.00, 1 039.08, 2.85 microg x plant(-1), while the accumulation of Na, Fe and Cu was highest in root, and can respectively reach to 11.51 mg x plant(-1), 11 725.27 microg x plant(-1), and 235.24 microg x plant(-1). (3) The proportion of K:P, Ca:Mg, Fe:Mn, Zn:Cu was varied in different organs. The results of the study pinpoint the mineral elements in different organs of Chrysanthemum indicum L. and will be a scientific basis for fertilization.

[Mineral elements content of C. deserticola at different growth stages].

ICP - AES technology was used to determine the mineral elements content of Cistanche deserticola Ma (C. deserticola). The results showed that: (1) At succulent stem stages, the content of K was the highest in 5 macroelements, it can reach to 9.45 mg x g(-1), and the proportion for K : Na : P : Ca : Mg was 12 : 3.4 : 1.6 : 1.4 : 1. Among 5 microelements, the content of Fe was the highest and can reach to 97.31 microg x g(-1), and the proportion for Fe : Cu : Mn: Zn : Cu : B was 25 : 3.7 : 3.5 : 1.2 : 1. (2) At reproductive growth stages, the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and B at unearthed stage were significantly higher than that at the underearth stage, especially for the content of Fe and Mn, they can respectively reach to 697. 55 and 38.75 microg x g(-1) at capsule formative stage. The contents of Fe and Mn at capsule formative stage were almost 7.2 and 8.3 times than that at succulent stem stage. (3) At reproductive growth stages, the aerial part will exclude Na and accumulate P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B. This result of the study will be a scientific basis for evaluating the quality of C. deserticola.